![\"DARPA](\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/85939bacc5077db5696fd4b78abfb549.jpg\")
<\/p>\nAgen\u021bia pentru Proiecte de Cercetare Avansat\u0103 a Ap\u0103r\u0103rii a Statelor Unite (\u00een englez\u0103 Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency - DARPA) va finan\u021ba \u0219ase organiza\u021bii \u00een cadrul programului Next-Generation Nonsurgical Neurotechnology (prescurtat \u201eN3\u201d \u0219i tradus \u201eUrm\u0103toarea genera\u021bie de neurotehnologii non-chirurgicale\u201d), anun\u021bat pentru prima dat\u0103 \u00een martie 2018. La program vor participa Institutul de Cercetare Battelle, Universitatea Carnegie Mellon, Laboratorul de Fizic\u0103 Aplicat\u0103 al Universit\u0103\u021bii Johns Hopkins, Centrul de Cercetare Palo Alto (PARC), Universitatea Rice \u0219i compania Teledyne Scientific, care au echipe proprii de oameni de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i cercet\u0103tori \u00een domeniul dezvolt\u0103rii interfe\u021belor neuronale bidirec\u021bionale. DARPA se a\u0219teapt\u0103 ca aceste tehnologii s\u0103 permit\u0103 \u00een viitor militarilor califica\u021bi s\u0103 controleze direct sistemele active de ciberap\u0103rare \u0219i roiurile de aeronave f\u0103r\u0103 pilot, precum \u0219i s\u0103 le foloseasc\u0103 pentru colaborarea cu sistemele computerizate \u00een \u00eendeplinirea misiunilor complexe multi-sarcin\u0103.<\/p>\n
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\u201eDARPA se preg\u0103te\u0219te pentru un viitor \u00een care combina\u021bia sistemelor autonome, inteligen\u021bei artificiale \u0219i opera\u021biunilor cibernetice poate genera situa\u021bii care necesit\u0103 o vitez\u0103 de decizie prea rapid\u0103 pentru a fi gestionate eficient f\u0103r\u0103 ajutorul tehnologiilor moderne\u201d - a declarat Dr. Al Emondi, managerul programului N3. \u201ePrin crearea unei interfe\u021be accesibile dintre creier \u0219i ma\u0219in\u0103, care nu va necesita interven\u021bie chirurgical\u0103 pentru a fi utilizat\u0103, DARPA va putea furniza armatei un instrument care s\u0103 permit\u0103 comandan\u021bilor de misiune s\u0103 participe semnificativ \u00een opera\u021biuni dinamice care se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 la viteze extrem de rapide.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u00cen ultimii 18 ani, DARPA a demonstrat \u00een mod constant tehnologii neuro avansate, care se bazau pe electrozi implanta\u021bi chirurgical pentru a interac\u021biona cu sistemul nervos central sau periferic. De exemplu, agen\u021bia a demonstrat tehnologii precum controlul mental al membrelor protetice \u0219i restabilirea senza\u021biei tactile pentru utilizatorii lor, o tehnologie pentru ameliorarea bolilor psihoneurologice greu de tratat, cum ar fi depresia, precum \u0219i o metod\u0103 pentru \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea \u0219i restaurarea memoriei. Din cauza riscurilor inerente implicate \u00een interven\u021biile chirurgicale asupra creierului, aceste tehnologii au fost utilizate \u00een continuare limitat pentru voluntarii care aveau nevoie clinic de ele.<\/p>\n
![\"DARPA](\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/6cffbc18bbebe0a5e5fe124948d3cccd.jpg\")
<\/p>\nPentru ca armata s\u0103 poat\u0103 beneficia de tehnologiile neuro, sunt necesare op\u021biuni non-chirurgicale de aplicare, deoarece, evident, interven\u021biile chirurgicale de amploare \u00een r\u00e2ndul comenzii militare nu sunt o idee foarte bun\u0103. De asemenea, tehnologiile militare pot aduce beneficii semnificative \u0219i persoanelor obi\u0219nuite. Elimin\u00e2nd necesitatea unei interven\u021bii chirurgicale, proiectele N3 extind cercul pacien\u021bilor poten\u021biali care ar putea avea acces la metode de tratament precum stimularea profund\u0103 a creierului pentru tratarea bolilor neurologice.<\/p>\n
Participan\u021bii programului N3 utilizeaz\u0103 abord\u0103ri diverse \u00een cercet\u0103rile lor pentru a ob\u021bine informa\u021bii din creier \u0219i a le returna. Unele proiecte folosesc optica, altele acustica \u0219i electromagnetismul. Anumite echipe dezvolt\u0103 interfe\u021be complet neinvazive, care sunt complet \u00een afara corpului uman, iar alte echipe cerceteaz\u0103 tehnologii u\u0219or invazive folosind nanotransductoare, care pot fi livrate temporar non-chirurgical \u00een creier pentru a \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bi rezolu\u021bia \u0219i precizia semnalului.<\/p>\n
Pe parcursul \u00eentregii program, cercet\u0103torii se vor baza pe informa\u021biile furnizate de exper\u021bi independen\u021bi \u00een probleme legale \u0219i etice, care au acceptat s\u0103 participe la N3 \u0219i s\u0103 studieze posibilit\u0103\u021bile poten\u021biale de aplicare a noilor tehnologii \u00een r\u00e2ndul militarilor \u0219i popula\u021biei civile. \u00cen plus, autorit\u0103\u021bile federale de reglementare colaboreaz\u0103, de asemenea, cu DARPA pentru a ajuta \u0219tiin\u021bificii s\u0103 \u00een\u021beleag\u0103 mai bine c\u00e2nd \u0219i \u00een ce condi\u021bii dispozitivele lor vor putea fi testate pe oameni.<\/p>\n
\u201eDac\u0103 programul N3 va fi de succes, vom avea sisteme portabile de interfa\u021b\u0103 neuronal\u0103 care vor putea stabili o conexiune cu creierul de la c\u00e2\u021biva milimetri distan\u021b\u0103, extinz\u00e2nd neurotehnologiile dincolo de clinic\u0103 \u0219i f\u0103c\u00e2ndu-le mai accesibile pentru utilizarea practic\u0103 \u00een scopuri de securitate na\u021bional\u0103\u201d, poveste\u0219te Emondi. \u201eLa fel cum solda\u021bii \u00ee\u0219i \u00eembrac\u0103 echipamentele de protec\u021bie \u0219i tactice, \u00een viitor, ei vor putea purta o casc\u0103 cu interfa\u021b\u0103 neuronal\u0103 \u0219i vor folosi tehnologia pentru scopurile necesare, dup\u0103 care simplu vor putea l\u0103sa dispozitivul deoparte la finalizarea misiunii.\u201d<\/p>\n
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