{"id":34324,"date":"2019-10-31T21:57:38","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:57:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/namechena-bolshaya-chistka-standartnoj-biblioteki-python\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:57:38","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:57:38","slug":"namechena-bolshaya-chistka-standartnoj-biblioteki-python","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/namechena-bolshaya-chistka-standartnoj-biblioteki-python","title":{"rendered":"Se preconizeaz\u0103 o cur\u0103\u021bare major\u0103 a bibliotecii standard Python","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Dezvoltatorii proiectului Python au publicat<\/a><\/noindex> propunerea (PEP 594) pentru realizarea unei cur\u0103\u021biri semnificative a bibliotecii standard. Se propune eliminarea din biblioteca standard Python a unor func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bi considerabil \u00eenvechite \u0219i specializate, dar \u0219i a componentelor cu probleme arhitecturale care nu pot fi unificate pentru toate platformele. <\/p>\n

De exemplu, din biblioteca standard se sugereaz\u0103 excluderea unor module precum crypt (indisponibilitate pentru Windows \u0219i dependen\u021ba de disponibilitatea algoritmilor de hashing de bibliotecile de sistem), cgi (arhitectur\u0103 neoptimizat\u0103, necesit\u0103 lansarea unui nou proces pentru fiecare cerere), imp (recomandat a fi utilizat importlib), pipes (recomandat a fi utilizat modulul subprocess), nis (recomandat a fi utilizat NSS, LDAP sau Kerberos\/GSSAPI), spwd (nu este recomandat s\u0103 se lucreze direct cu baza de date a conturilor). De asemenea, modulele binhex, uu, xdrlib,
\n aifc,
\n audioop,
\n chunk,
\n imghdr,
\n ossaudiodev,
\n sndhdr,
\n sunau,
\n asynchat,
\n asyncore,
\n cgitb,
\n smtpd,
\n nntplib, macpath,
\n formatter, msilib \u0219i parser.<\/p>\n

Conform planului propus, \u00een Python 3.8, modulele men\u021bionate mai sus vor fi marcate ca fiind \u00eenvechite, \u00een Python 3.8 se vor \u00eencepe generarea de avertismente, iar \u00een Python 3.10 vor fi eliminate din repositoarele CPython.
\n Modulul parser este planificat s\u0103 fie eliminat \u00een versiunea 3.9, deoarece este marcat ca \u00eenvechit \u00eenc\u0103 din versiunea Python 2.5, iar modulul macpath \u00een ramura 3.8. Dup\u0103 eliminarea din compunerea principal\u0103, codul va fi mutat \u00eentr-un depozit separat legacylib, iar soarta sa va depinde de interesul comunit\u0103\u021bii. Se a\u0219teapt\u0103 ca ramura Python 3.9 s\u0103 fie sus\u021binut\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 2026, ceea ce va oferi timp suficient pentru a migra proiectele pe alternative externe.<\/p>\n

Ini\u021bial, pentru eliminare au fost propuse module precum ftplib, optparse, getopt, colorsys, fileinput, lib2to3 \u0219i wave, dar s-a decis s\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een cadrul bibliotecii standard, deoarece sunt foarte r\u0103sp\u00e2ndite \u0219i r\u0103m\u00e2n relevante, \u00een ciuda existen\u021bei unor alternative mai avansate sau a leg\u0103turii cu func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bi specifice sistemului de operare.<\/p>\n

Reamintim c\u0103 proiectul Python folose\u0219te ini\u021bial abordarea \u201ebateria inclus\u0103\u201d, prin care biblioteca standard ofer\u0103 un set extins de func\u021bii pentru diverse domenii de aplicare. Printre avantajele acestei abord\u0103ri se num\u0103r\u0103 simplificarea \u00eentre\u021binerii proiectelor Python \u0219i monitorizarea securit\u0103\u021bii modulelor utilizate \u00een proiecte. Vulnerabilit\u0103\u021bile din module devin adesea sursa vulnerabilit\u0103\u021bilor \u00een aplica\u021biile care le folosesc. Atunci c\u00e2nd func\u021biile sunt incluse \u00een biblioteca standard, este suficient s\u0103 control\u0103m starea proiectului principal. Odat\u0103 cu fragmentarea bibliotecii standard, dezvoltatorii sunt nevoi\u021bi s\u0103 foloseasc\u0103 module externe, vulnerabilit\u0103\u021bile din fiecare dintre acestea necesit\u00e2nd monitorizare separat\u0103. Odat\u0103 cu un grad ridicat de fragmentare \u0219i un num\u0103r mare de dependen\u021be, apare un risc de atacuri prin compromiterea infrastructurii dezvoltatorilor de module.<\/p>\n

Pe de alt\u0103 parte, fiecare modul suplimentar din biblioteca standard necesit\u0103 resurse din partea echipei dezvoltatorilor Python pentru \u00eentre\u021binere. Biblioteca a acumulat un num\u0103r mare de func\u021bii redundante \u0219i excesive, eliminarea c\u0103rora poate reduce costurile de \u00eentre\u021binere. Pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce catalogul se dezvolt\u0103 PyPI<\/a><\/noindex> \u0219i simplificarea procesului de instalare \u0219i desc\u0103rcare a modulelor suplimentare, utilizarea modulelor externe a devenit la fel de obi\u0219nuit\u0103 ca \u0219i func\u021biile \u00eencorporate. <\/p>\n

Tot mai mul\u021bi dezvoltatori folosesc \u00eenlocuitori externi mai func\u021bionali pentru modulele standard, de exemplu, folosesc modulul lxml \u00een loc de xml. Eliminarea modulelor abandonate din biblioteca standard va cre\u0219te popularitatea alternativelor activ dezvoltate de comunitatea. \u00cen plus, reducerea bibliotecii standard va conduce la diminuarea dimensiunii livr\u0103rii de baz\u0103, ceea ce este relevant atunci c\u00e2nd se utilizeaz\u0103 Python pe platforme \u00eencorporate cu dimensiuni de stocare limitate.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Sursa: opennet.ro<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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