{"id":34491,"date":"2019-10-31T21:58:39","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:58:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/intel-rabotaet-nad-opticheskimi-chipami-dlya-bolee-effektivnogo-ii\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:58:39","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:58:39","slug":"intel-rabotaet-nad-opticheskimi-chipami-dlya-bolee-effektivnogo-ii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/intel-rabotaet-nad-opticheskimi-chipami-dlya-bolee-effektivnogo-ii","title":{"rendered":"Intel lucreaz\u0103 la cipuri optice pentru un AI mai eficient","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Circuitele integrate fotonice sau cipurile optice au poten\u021bialul de a oferi numeroase avantaje \u00een compara\u021bie cu omologii lor electronici, cum ar fi reducerea consumului de energie \u0219i diminuarea \u00eent\u00e2rzierei \u00een calcule. De aceea, mul\u021bi cercet\u0103tori consider\u0103 c\u0103 acestea ar putea fi extrem de eficiente \u00een sarcinile de \u00eenv\u0103\u021bare automat\u0103 \u0219i \u00een crearea inteligen\u021bei artificiale (IA). Compania Intel vede, de asemenea, perspective mari pentru aplicarea fotonicii silice \u00een acest domeniu. Grupul de cercetare al acesteia \u00een articol \u0219tiin\u021bific<\/a><\/noindex> a descris detaliat noi metode care pot aduce re\u021bele neuronale optice cu un pas mai aproape de realitate.<\/p>\n

\"Intel<\/p>\n

\u00cen recentul postare pe blogul Intel<\/a><\/noindex>, dedicat \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103rii automate, este discutat cum au \u00eenceput cercet\u0103rile \u00een domeniul re\u021belelor neuronale optice. Lucr\u0103rile \u0219tiin\u021bifice ale lui David Miller (David A. B. Miller) \u0219i Michael Reck au demonstrat c\u0103 un tip de circuit fotonic, cunoscut sub numele de interferometru Mach-Zehnder (MZI), poate fi configurat pentru a efectua multiplicarea matricilor de dimensiune 2 \u00d7 2; prin plasarea MZI \u00eentr-o re\u021bea triunghiular\u0103 pentru a multiplica matrici mari, se poate ob\u021bine un circuit care realizeaz\u0103 algoritmul de multiplicare a unei matrici cu un vector \u2014 calculul de baz\u0103 utilizat \u00een \u00eenv\u0103\u021barea automat\u0103.<\/p>\n

O nou\u0103 cercetare Intel s-a concentrat pe studierea defectelor ce afecteaz\u0103 cipurile optice \u00een timpul produc\u021biei (deoarece fotonica computa\u021bional\u0103 este, prin natura sa, analogic\u0103), care cauzeaz\u0103 varia\u021bii \u00een precizia calculului \u00eentre diferite cipuri de acela\u0219i tip. De\u0219i studii similare au fost realizate anterior, acestea s-au concentrat mai mult pe optimizarea post-produc\u021bie pentru a remedia posibilele inexactit\u0103\u021bi. Totu\u0219i, aceast\u0103 abordare are o scalabilitate slab\u0103, deoarece re\u021belele devin din ce \u00een ce mai mari, ceea ce duce la o cre\u0219tere a puterii computa\u021bionale necesare pentru ajustarea re\u021belelor optice. \u00cen loc de optimizarea post-produc\u021bie, Intel a analizat posibilitatea unui antrenament unic al cipurilor \u00eenainte de fabrica\u021bie, folosind o arhitectur\u0103 rezistent\u0103 la perturb\u0103ri. O re\u021bea neuronal\u0103 optic\u0103 de baz\u0103 a fost antrenat\u0103 odat\u0103, dup\u0103 care parametrii de \u00eenv\u0103\u021bare au fost distribui\u021bi pe mai multe exemple fabricate ale re\u021belei, cu diferen\u021be \u00een componentele lor.<\/p>\n

<\/center><\/p>\n

Echipa Intel a analizat dou\u0103 arhitecturi pentru construirea sistemelor de inteligen\u021b\u0103 artificial\u0103 bazate pe MZI: GridNet \u0219i FFTNet. GridNet plaseaz\u0103 predictibil MZI \u00eentr-o re\u021bea, \u00een timp ce FFTNet le aranjeaz\u0103 sub form\u0103 de \u201efluturi\u201d. Dup\u0103 ce au fost antrenate ambele \u00een simularea unei sarcini de referin\u021b\u0103 de \u00eenv\u0103\u021bare profund\u0103 pentru recunoa\u0219terea cifrelor scrise de m\u00e2n\u0103 (MNIST), cercet\u0103torii au descoperit c\u0103 GridNet a ob\u021binut o precizie mai mare dec\u00e2t FFTNet (98% fa\u021b\u0103 de 95%), \u00eens\u0103 arhitectura FFTNet s-a dovedit a fi \u201esemnificativ mai fiabil\u0103\u201d. De fapt, performan\u021ba GridNet a sc\u0103zut sub 50% cu ad\u0103ugarea unui zgomot artificial (perturba\u021bii care imit\u0103 posibile defecte \u00een produc\u021bia de cipuri optice), \u00een timp ce pentru FFTNet aceasta a r\u0103mas aproape constant\u0103.<\/p>\n

Cercet\u0103torii afirm\u0103 c\u0103 studiile lor pun bazele unor metode de \u00eenv\u0103\u021bare a inteligen\u021bei artificiale care vor elimina necesitatea ajust\u0103rii fine a cipurilor optice dup\u0103 fabrica\u021bie, economisind timp \u0219i resurse pre\u021bioase.<\/p>\n

\u201eA\u0219a cum se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 \u00een orice proces de produc\u021bie, apar anumite defecte, care \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 \u00eentre cipuri vor exista mici varia\u021bii, iar acestea vor influen\u021ba precizia calculelor\u201d, scrie directorul senior al grupului de produse Intel AI, Kazimir Wierzynski (Casimir Wierzynski). \u201eDac\u0103 re\u021belele neuronale optice devin o parte viabil\u0103 a ecosistemului hardware pentru inteligen\u021ba artificial\u0103, va fi necesar s\u0103 treac\u0103 la cipuri mai mari \u0219i la tehnologii de produc\u021bie industrial\u0103. Cercet\u0103rile noastre arat\u0103 c\u0103 alegerea arhitecturii corecte din timp poate cre\u0219te semnificativ probabilitatea ca cipurile ob\u021binute s\u0103 ating\u0103 performan\u021ba dorit\u0103, chiar \u0219i \u00een prezen\u021ba varia\u021biilor de produc\u021bie.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u00cen acela\u0219i timp, \u00een timp ce Intel \u00ee\u0219i desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 \u00een principal cercet\u0103rile, Yichen Shen, candidat la titlul de doctor \u00een \u0219tiin\u021be fizico-matematice de la Institutul Tehnologic din Massachusetts, a fondat startup-ul Lightelligence, cu sediul \u00een Boston, care a atras un capital de risc de 10,7 milioane de dolari, \u0219i recent a demonstrat<\/a><\/noindex> un prototip de cip optic pentru \u00eenv\u0103\u021bare automat\u0103, care este de 100 de ori mai rapid dec\u00e2t cipurile electronice actuale \u0219i reduce, de asemenea, consumul de energie cu un ordinar, ceea ce demonstreaz\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103 o dat\u0103 perspectivele tehnologiilor fotonice.<\/p>\n

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Sursa: 3dnews.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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[…]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":25984,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-34491","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Intel lucreaz\u0103 la cipuri optice pentru un AI mai eficient | ProHoster","description":"Circuitele integrate fotonice sau cipurile optice au poten\u021bialul de a avea numeroase avantaje fa\u021b\u0103 de omologii lor electronici, cum ar fi reducerea consumului de energie \u0219i diminuarea \u00eent\u00e2rzierilor \u00een 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