{"id":34705,"date":"2019-10-31T21:59:54","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:59:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/arm-predstavila-novoe-moshhnoe-yadro-tsp-cortex-a77\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:59:54","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:59:54","slug":"arm-predstavila-novoe-moshhnoe-yadro-tsp-cortex-a77","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/arm-predstavila-novoe-moshhnoe-yadro-tsp-cortex-a77","title":{"rendered":"ARM a prezentat un nou nucleu de procesor puternic - Cortex-A77","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

ARM a prezentat noul s\u0103u design pentru procesorul Cortex-A77. La fel ca Cortex-A76 de anul trecut, acest nucleu este destinat sarcinilor de \u00eenalt\u0103 clas\u0103 \u00een smartphone-uri \u0219i diverse dispozitive. \u00cen acest proces, dezvoltatorul vizeaz\u0103 cre\u0219terea num\u0103rului de instruc\u021biuni executate pe ciclu (IPC). Frecven\u021bele de ceas \u0219i consumul de energie au r\u0103mas aproximativ la nivelul Cortex-A76.<\/p>\n

\"ARM<\/p>\n

\u00cen prezent, ARM \u00ee\u0219i propune s\u0103 creasc\u0103 rapid performan\u021ba nucleelor sale. Conform planurilor, \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu Cortex-A73 din 2016 \u0219i p\u00e2n\u0103 la designul Hercules din 2020, compania inten\u021bioneaz\u0103 s\u0103 creasc\u0103 puterea procesorului de 2,5 ori. Trecerea de la 16 nm la 10 nm \u0219i apoi la 7 nm a permis deja cre\u0219terea frecven\u021bei de ceas, iar \u00eempreun\u0103 cu arhitectura Cortex-A75 \u0219i apoi Cortex-A76, ARM estimeaz\u0103 c\u0103, \u00een prezent, s-a realizat o cre\u0219tere de 1,8 ori a performan\u021bei. Acum, nucleul Cortex-A77 va permite, datorit\u0103 cre\u0219terii IPC, o cre\u0219tere a performan\u021bei de \u00eenc\u0103 20 % la aceea\u0219i frecven\u021b\u0103 de ceas. A\u0219adar, o cre\u0219tere de 2,5 ori \u00een 2020 devine o posibilitate real\u0103.<\/p>\n

\"ARM<\/p>\n

\u00cen ciuda cre\u0219terii IPC de 20 %, ARM estimeaz\u0103 c\u0103 consumul de energie al A77 nu a crescut. Compromisul \u00een acest caz este c\u0103 suprafa\u021ba cristalului A77 este cu aproximativ 17 % mai mare dec\u00e2t a A76, la acelea\u0219i norme tehnologice. Ca rezultat, costul fiec\u0103rui nucleu va cre\u0219te u\u0219or. Compar\u00e2nd realiz\u0103rile ARM cu liderii din industrie, este de men\u021bionat c\u0103 AMD \u00een Zen 2 a ob\u021binut o cre\u0219tere a IPC de 15 % comparativ cu Zen+, iar valoarea IPC a nucleelor Intel a r\u0103mas la un nivel constant timp de mai mul\u021bi ani.<\/p>\n

\"ARM<\/p>\n

Fereastra de execu\u021bie cu modificarea secven\u021bei de instruc\u021biuni (out-of-order window size) a fost m\u0103rit\u0103 cu 25 %, p\u00e2n\u0103 la 160 de unit\u0103\u021bi, ceea ce permite nucleului s\u0103 creasc\u0103 paralelismul calculelor. Chiar \u0219i \u00een Cortex-A76 a existat un buffer mare pentru adresele de salt (Branch Target Buffer), iar \u00een Cortex-A77 a fost m\u0103rit cu \u00eenc\u0103 33 %, p\u00e2n\u0103 la 8 KB, ceea ce permite blocului de predic\u021bie a ramifica\u021biilor s\u0103 fac\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 eficient cre\u0219terii num\u0103rului de instruc\u021biuni paralele.<\/p>\n

<\/center>
\n\"ARM<\/p>\n

O noutate \u0219i mai interesant\u0103 este noul cache de 1,5 KB, \u00een care sunt stocate macroopera\u021biile (MOP) returnate din modulul de decodare. Arhitectura procesorului ARM decodeaz\u0103 instruc\u021biuni din aplica\u021bia utilizatorului \u00een macroopera\u021bii mai mici \u0219i apoi le \u00eemparte \u00een microopera\u021bii, care sunt transmise nucleului de execu\u021bie. Cache-ul MOP este utilizat pentru a reduce impactul ramific\u0103rilor omise \u0219i a reset\u0103rilor, deoarece acum macroopera\u021biile sunt stocate \u00eentr-un bloc separat \u0219i nu necesit\u0103 re-decodare, cresc\u00e2nd astfel l\u0103\u021bimea de band\u0103 total\u0103 a nucleului. \u00cen anumite sarcini, noul bloc reprezint\u0103 un supliment extrem de util pentru cache-ul standard de instruc\u021biuni.<\/p>\n

\"ARM<\/p>\n

\"ARM<\/p>\n

\u00cen nucleul de execu\u021bie a fost ad\u0103ugat al patrulea bloc ALU \u0219i al doilea bloc de ramific\u0103ri. Al patrulea ALU cre\u0219te l\u0103\u021bimea de band\u0103 general\u0103 a procesorului de 1,5 ori prin capacitatea de a executa instruc\u021biuni pe un singur ciclu (cum ar fi ADD \u0219i SUB) \u0219i opera\u021bii \u00eentregi pe dou\u0103 cicluri, cum ar fi \u00eenmul\u021birea. Celelalte dou\u0103 ALU pot gestiona doar instruc\u021biuni de baz\u0103 pe un singur ciclu, \u00een timp ce ultimul bloc este \u00eenc\u0103rcat cu opera\u021bii matematice mai complexe, cum ar fi \u00eemp\u0103r\u021birea, \u00eenmul\u021birea cu acumulare etc. Al doilea bloc de ramific\u0103ri din cadrul nucleului de execu\u021bie dubleaz\u0103 num\u0103rul de tranzi\u021bii de ramificare simultane cu care nucleul poate lucra, ceea ce este util \u00een cazurile \u00een care dou\u0103 din cele \u0219ase comenzi trimise se refer\u0103 la tranzi\u021biile de ramificare. Testele interne la ARM au ar\u0103tat un c\u00e2\u0219tig \u00een performan\u021b\u0103 datorit\u0103 utiliz\u0103rii acestui al doilea bloc de tranzi\u021bii.<\/p>\n

\"ARM<\/p>\n

\"ARM<\/p>\n

Printre alte modific\u0103ri ale nucleului se num\u0103r\u0103 ad\u0103ugarea unui al doilea pipeline de criptare AES, cre\u0219terea l\u0103\u021bimii de band\u0103 a memoriei, un mecanism de preluare a datelor de nou\u0103 genera\u021bie, care \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021be\u0219te eficien\u021ba consumului de energie \u0219i, \u00een acela\u0219i timp, cre\u0219te l\u0103\u021bimea de band\u0103 a sistemului DRAM, optimiz\u0103ri ale func\u021bion\u0103rii cache-ului \u0219i a\u0219a mai departe.<\/p>\n

\"ARM<\/p>\n

\"ARM<\/p>\n

Cea mai mare cre\u0219tere se observ\u0103 \u00een Cortex-A77 \u00een opera\u021biile \u00eentregi \u0219i calculele cu virgul\u0103 mobil\u0103. Acest lucru este confirmat de testele interne ARM \u00een SPEC, care arat\u0103 o cre\u0219tere a performan\u021bei de 20 % \u0219i 35 % \u00een opera\u021biile \u00eentregi \u0219i calculele cu virgul\u0103 mobil\u0103, respectiv. \u00cembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birile l\u0103\u021bimii de band\u0103 a memoriei se situeaz\u0103 undeva \u00een intervalul 15-20 %. \u00cen general, optimiz\u0103rile \u0219i modific\u0103rile din A77 ofer\u0103 o cre\u0219tere medie a performan\u021bei de 20% comparativ cu genera\u021bia anterioar\u0103. Datorit\u0103 noilor norme tehnologice precum 7 nm ULV, putem ob\u021bine avantaje suplimentare \u00een cipurile finale.<\/p>\n

\"ARM<\/p>\n

\"ARM<\/p>\n

ARM a dezvoltat Cortex-A77 pentru a func\u021biona \u00eempreun\u0103 \u00een configura\u021bia 4+4 big.LITTLE (4 nuclee puternice \u0219i 4 nuclee simple, eficiente energetic). Dar, av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere suprafa\u021ba crescut\u0103 a noii arhitecturi, mul\u021bi produc\u0103tori s-ar putea s\u0103 prezinte configura\u021bii 1+3+4 sau 2+2+4 pentru a economisi, care sunt deja practic utilizate, unde doar un nucleu sau dou\u0103 vor fi A77 complete, f\u0103r\u0103 restric\u021bii.<\/p>\n

\"ARM<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

<\/center><\/p>\n

\t\t\t\t


\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/center>
Sursa: 3dnews.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

ARM \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0439\u043d \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430 — Cortex-A77. \u041a\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439 Cortex-A76, \u044d\u0442\u043e \u044f\u0434\u0440\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447 \u0432 \u0441\u043c\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0444\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0445. \u0412 \u043d\u0451\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434 (IPC). \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 Cortex-A76. \u0412 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f ARM \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0445 \u044f\u0434\u0435\u0440. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":26154,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-34705","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47ARM a prezentat noul s\u0103u nucleu puternic de CPU \u2014 Cortex-A77 | ProHoster","description":"ARM a lansat noul s\u0103u design de procesor \u2014 Cortex-A77. La fel ca Cortex-A76 de anul trecut, acest nucleu este destinat sarcinilor de \u00eenalt\u0103 clas\u0103 \u00een smartphone-uri \u0219i o gam\u0103 variat\u0103 de dispozitive.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/arm-predstavila-novoe-moshhnoe-yadro-tsp-cortex-a77","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"ro_RO","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47ARM \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u043e \u0426\u041f \u2014 Cortex-A77 | ProHoster","og:description":"ARM \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0439\u043d \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u2014 Cortex-A77. \u041a\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439 Cortex-A76, \u044d\u0442\u043e \u044f\u0434\u0440\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447 \u0432 \u0441\u043c\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0444\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 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