{"id":34743,"date":"2019-10-31T22:00:10","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:00:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/ot-russkoj-ruletki-k-bezopasnomu-loto-kak-zashhitit-personal-tsoda\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:00:10","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:00:10","slug":"ot-russkoj-ruletki-k-bezopasnomu-loto-kak-zashhitit-personal-tsoda","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/ot-russkoj-ruletki-k-bezopasnomu-loto-kak-zashhitit-personal-tsoda","title":{"rendered":"De la \u201eruleta rus\u0103\u201d la LOTO sigur: cum s\u0103 protejezi personalul din Data Center","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"De la \u201eruleta rus\u0103\u201d la LOTO sigur: cum s\u0103 protejezi personalul din Data Center\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/ada1aa4aa324c07f5dd3e66a064b4bf3.JPG\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nSiguran\u021ba pe primul loc \u2013 nu este un apel abstract, ci un plan de ac\u021biune concret pentru \u00eentreprinderile cu riscuri \u00een domeniul securit\u0103\u021bii industriale. Centrele de date se \u00eencadreaz\u0103 \u00een aceast\u0103 categorie, ceea ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 trebuie s\u0103 aib\u0103 reguli bine formulate de protec\u021bia muncii. Ast\u0103zi v\u0103 voi povesti despre cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103 sistemul LOTO la Linxdatacenter din Sankt Petersburg, care \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021be\u0219te siguran\u021ba oper\u0103rii centrului de date.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nAnaliza accidentelor de munc\u0103, r\u0103nirilor, incidentelor \u0219i bolilor profesionale arat\u0103 c\u0103 principala cauz\u0103 a acestora este nerespectarea cerin\u021belor de siguran\u021b\u0103, necunoa\u0219terea naturii amenin\u021b\u0103rilor tehnologice \u0219i a metodelor de protec\u021bie \u00eempotriva acestora. Potrivit datelor de la Rostrud, \u00eentre 30% \u0219i 40% din accidentele de munc\u0103 grave din Rusia sunt cauzate de factorul uman. <\/p>\n<p>\u00cen plus, 15-20% din toate accidentele sunt legate de deconectarea incomplet\u0103 a echipamentului de la sursele de energie \u00een timpul repara\u021biilor \u0219i \u00eentre\u021binerii echipamentului. Lucr\u0103torii sunt cel mai adesea accidenta\u021bi din cauza eliber\u0103rii energiei reziduale, precum \u0219i din cauza activ\u0103rii eronate sau a \u00eenc\u0103lc\u0103rii ordinii de deconectare a echipamentului.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"De la \u201eruleta rus\u0103\u201d la LOTO sigur: cum s\u0103 protejezi personalul din Data Center\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/1976a9620a61489c5a815edaa0b65404.JPG\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nSingura solu\u021bie este respectarea regulilor de siguran\u021b\u0103. Inclusiv alegerea celor mai sigure procese tehnologice, m\u0103suri organiza\u021bional-tehnice \u0219i reguli de comportament personal.<\/p>\n<h2>Care este leg\u0103tura cu centrul de date?<\/h2>\n<p>\nChiar \u0219i av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere diferen\u021bele fundamentale dintre un centru de date \u0219i o fabric\u0103 sau o central\u0103 nuclear\u0103, pericolul poten\u021bial \u00een operarea sistemelor inginerie ale centrului de date exist\u0103, desigur. Totu\u0219i, centrul de date \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u00e2teva MW de putere electric\u0103, generatoare diesel, sisteme de r\u0103cire, ventila\u021bie. Nici o asigurare suplimentar\u0103 \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te siguran\u021ba \u00een produc\u021bie nu poate fi considerat\u0103 inutil\u0103. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"De la \u201eruleta rus\u0103\u201d la LOTO sigur: cum s\u0103 protejezi personalul din Data Center\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/2b5437d278d1e7cccae5ab962fe1e258.JPG\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u00cen procesul de preg\u0103tire pentru certificarea eficien\u021bei opera\u021bionale a Linxdatacenter conform standardului <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.linxdatacenter.com\/press-room\/news\/linxdatacenter-podtverdil-kachestvo-operatsionnogo-upravleniya-tsoda-v-sankt-peterburge-poluchiv-man\/\">Uptime Institute Management &amp; Operations<\/a><\/noindex>, am decis s\u0103 \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bim \u0219i acest domeniu \u00een cadrul proceselor de lucru din centrul de date.<\/p>\n<p>Obiectivul a fost urm\u0103torul: dezvoltarea \u0219i implementarea unei proceduri unice pentru blocarea sigur\u0103 a sec\u021biunilor re\u021belelor inginere\u0219ti din centrul de date \u0219i crearea unui sistem clar de denumire a tipurilor de lucr\u0103ri \u0219i a executan\u021bilor. Am studiat solu\u021biile disponibile \u0219i am ales un sistem gata f\u0103cut LOTO, considerat cel mai adecvat \u0219i simplu. S\u0103 analiz\u0103m cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103 acest sistem.<\/p>\n<h2>Blocheaz\u0103, marcheaz\u0103!<\/h2>\n<p>\nNumele sistemului \u201eLockout\/Tagout\u201d se traduce literar din limba englez\u0103 ca \u201eBlocare\/Exhibare de etichete de avertizare\u201d. \u00cen limba rom\u00e2n\u0103 s-au impus denumirile \u201esistemul de blocare de siguran\u021b\u0103\u201d \u0219i \u201esisteme de blocare\u201d. De asemenea, se folose\u0219te abrevierea englez\u0103 comun\u0103 \u201eLOTO\u201d. Scopul s\u0103u principal este de a proteja persoanele de interac\u021biunea cu sursele de energie \u00een obiectele industriale, unde energia electric\u0103, gravita\u021bional\u0103 (for\u021ba gravita\u021biei), hidraulic\u0103, pneumatic\u0103, termic\u0103 \u0219i alte forme de energie, dac\u0103 sunt eliberate necontrolat, pot reprezenta un pericol pentru fiin\u021bele umane.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Lockout<\/b>. Prima parte a LOTO const\u0103 \u00een procedurile Lockout, care implic\u0103 instalarea de blocatoare speciale \u0219i lac\u0103te pe sec\u021biunea re\u021belei inginere\u0219ti \u2013 poten\u021bial periculoas\u0103 din cauza eliber\u0103rii posibile de energie. Totu\u0219i, blocarea sec\u021biunii nu este suficient\u0103, este necesar s\u0103 inform\u0103m oamenii despre pericolul poten\u021bial \u0219i despre lucr\u0103rile care au dus la scoaterea acestei sec\u021biuni din modul de func\u021bionare normal.\n<\/li>\n<li> <b>TagOut<\/b>. Pentru aceasta exist\u0103 a doua parte a LOTO \u2013 TagOut. Sec\u021biunea re\u021belei periculoase, pe care se efectueaz\u0103 lucr\u0103ri \u0219i care este oprit\u0103 sau blocat\u0103, este marcat\u0103 cu o eticheta special\u0103 de avertizare. Eticheta informeaz\u0103 ceilal\u021bi angaja\u021bi cu privire la motivul opririi, de la ce moment, pe ce termen \u0219i cine anume a efectuat aceasta. Toate informa\u021biile sunt confirmate cu semn\u0103tura persoanei responsabile. \n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nS\u0103 analiz\u0103m un exemplu. <\/p>\n<h3>\u00cen centrul de date din Sankt Petersburg, folosim urm\u0103toarele elemente ale sistemului LOTO: <\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><b>Blocatoare de electrice<\/b> pentru fixarea sigur\u0103 a sursei de energie \u00eentr-o anumit\u0103 pozi\u021bie:<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"De la \u201eruleta rus\u0103\u201d la LOTO sigur: cum s\u0103 protejezi personalul din Data Center\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/5edfe00d44f9ed49478c80ef8d5c89d6.JPG\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/li>\n<li><b>Blocatoare pentru riscuri mecanice<\/b>:<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"De la \u201eruleta rus\u0103\u201d la LOTO sigur: cum s\u0103 protejezi personalul din Data Center\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/8447ef4b744d04c664e9fc3a316ca388.JPG\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/li>\n<li><b>Etichete de avertizare \u201eNu porni\u021bi\u201d, \u201eNu deschide\u021bi\u201d<\/b> cu informa\u021bii despre tipul lucr\u0103rilor, timpul de \u00eenceput \u0219i de terminare, persoana responsabil\u0103 etc.:<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"De la \u201eruleta rus\u0103\u201d la LOTO sigur: cum s\u0103 protejezi personalul din Data Center\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/200d019200d985232f05e9253b720c85.JPG\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/li>\n<li><b>Lacate cu cheie <\/b>pentru blocarea de siguran\u021b\u0103: <br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"De la \u201eruleta rus\u0103\u201d la LOTO sigur: cum s\u0103 protejezi personalul din Data Center\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/a6d8e08e32e6b80ca262d947ee1227cd.JPG\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>\u00cen plus fa\u021b\u0103 de blocatoarele \u00een sine, au fost dezvoltate proceduri pentru utilizarea acestora:<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><b>Blocatoarele sunt clasificate \u00een func\u021bie de tipul de echipament<\/b>:\n<ul>\n<li>pentru sistemele mecanice se folosesc blocatoare cu indicator literar \u00abM\u00bb,\n<\/li>\n<li>pentru cele electrice \u2013 \u00abE\u00bb.\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nAceasta se face pentru a le indica u\u0219or \u00een instruc\u021biuni \u0219i pentru a le g\u0103si pe stand.<\/li>\n<li><b>Au fost dezvoltate algoritmi pentru instalarea blocatoarelor <\/b>pentru desf\u0103\u0219urarea lucr\u0103rilor \u0219i demontarea \u00een caz de situa\u021bii de urgen\u021b\u0103:\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"De la \u201eruleta rus\u0103\u201d la LOTO sigur: cum s\u0103 protejezi personalul din Data Center\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/9a3eced89d80aa963578e770d5da28fd.JPG\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Algoritmul de oprire a echipamentului.<\/i><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"De la \u201eruleta rus\u0103\u201d la LOTO sigur: cum s\u0103 protejezi personalul din Data Center\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/581b74c2fcae19cd1437ce5985ecd8c2.JPG\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Algoritmul de pornire a echipamentului.<\/i><\/li>\n<li><b>\u00cen instruc\u021biunile<\/b> pentru desf\u0103\u0219urarea lucr\u0103rilor de repara\u021bie \u0219i \u00eentre\u021binere <b>sunt indicate tipurile de blocatoare<\/b>, care trebuie utilizate:\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"De la \u201eruleta rus\u0103\u201d la LOTO sigur: cum s\u0103 protejezi personalul din Data Center\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/6ca5c6aae3999c129d2064a987be900b.JPG\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Dup\u0103 cum vedem, totul este extrem de clar. Este specificat un set de blocatoare pentru o sarcin\u0103 specific\u0103, iar m\u0103car unul dintre ele este \u00eentotdeauna disponibil pe stand. \u00centregul stand este realizat c\u00e2t mai vizibil. \u00cempreun\u0103 cu instruc\u021biunile detaliate, LOTO nu las\u0103 loc pentru erori. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"De la \u201eruleta rus\u0103\u201d la LOTO sigur: cum s\u0103 protejezi personalul din Data Center\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/bbecdd8c5353495334d77eb929e9989e.JPG\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Astfel, \u00een data center s-a organizat un stand pentru depozitarea dispozitivelor de blocare LOTO.<\/i><\/p>\n<h2>Ce s-a schimbat \u00eempreun\u0103 cu LOTO<\/h2>\n<p>\nDac\u0103 vorbim formal, utilizarea LOTO permite:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>reducerea num\u0103rului de accidente,\n<\/li>\n<li>reducerea cheltuielilor pentru compensarea prejudiciului cauzat s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii,\n<\/li>\n<li>reducerea timpurilor de nefunc\u021bionare \u0219i cre\u0219terea productivit\u0103\u021bii.\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n\u00cen total, aceasta permite reducerea costurilor indirecte de operare a sistemelor inginerie din data center.<\/p>\n<p>Dac\u0103 ne referim la categorii mai informale, dup\u0103 implementarea sistemului, liderii serviciilor opera\u021bionale din data center au avut mai mult\u0103 \u00eencredere \u00een natura sigur\u0103 a tuturor lucr\u0103rilor actuale. Desigur, totul a func\u021bionat \u0219i \u00een variant\u0103 familiar\u0103 cu semne f\u0103cute manual \u201eNu include\u021bi!\u201d, semne \u201eAten\u021bie!\u201d \u0219i anun\u021buri orale. <\/p>\n<p>Cu LOTO, \u00eencrederea \u00een siguran\u021ba func\u021bion\u0103rii fiec\u0103rei re\u021bele inginerie din data center pe fiecare segment a crescut semnificativ. \u00cen plus, managementul sarcinilor pentru operare \u0219i \u00eentre\u021binere a fost simplificat semnificativ: este suficient s\u0103 indica\u021bi sec\u021biunea, nodul, modelul blocatorului \u0219i termenul de deconectare. <br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"De la \u201eruleta rus\u0103\u201d la LOTO sigur: cum s\u0103 protejezi personalul din Data Center\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/67a08dca8424cd87e9d0981ddcdd2459.JPG\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\nTransparen\u021ba trecerii personalului de serviciu a crescut de asemenea: dac\u0103 un automat care ar trebui s\u0103 fie \u00eentotdeauna activat este \u00een pozi\u021bia \u201eoprire\u201d \u0219i eticheta LOTO nu este prezent\u0103 \u2013 totul este clar, este o oprire de urgen\u021b\u0103, trebuie s\u0103 ac\u021bioneze. Dac\u0103 eticheta exist\u0103 \u2013 este de asemenea clar, este o oprire planificat\u0103, nu trebuie s\u0103 atinge\u021bi nimic, continu\u0103m inspec\u021bia. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"De la \u201eruleta rus\u0103\u201d la LOTO sigur: cum s\u0103 protejezi personalul din Data Center\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/586790e1332d6a29ef6741c46f401a6c.JPG\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\nExcludem \u0219i situa\u021biile cu etichete \u0219i anun\u021buri \"uitate\": \u00een toate cazurile, se poate spune \u00eentotdeauna cine, c\u00e2nd \u0219i din ce motiv a aplicat blocarea \u0219i lac\u0103tul, cine le poate \u00eendep\u0103rta etc. Niciun mister \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu \u201ede ce este acest automat oprit pe acest panou de dou\u0103 s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni?\u201d. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"De la \u201eruleta rus\u0103\u201d la LOTO sigur: cum s\u0103 protejezi personalul din Data Center\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/7382e937fcb4c5574a0b8a1b20b6decb.JPG\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Privim eticheta \u0219i \u0219tim imediat ce se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 \u0219i de la cine s\u0103 \u00eentreb\u0103m.<\/i><br \/>\n\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2>S\u0103 rezum\u0103m<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>LOTO \u00een centrul de date Linxdatacenter din Sankt Petersburg a devenit unul dintre factorii de succes \u00een ob\u021binerea certific\u0103rii de c\u0103tre Uptime Institute M&amp;O. Auditorii au recunoscut c\u0103 \u00eent\u00e2lnesc rar o astfel de sistematizare \u00een centrele de date.<\/li>\n<li>Influen\u021b\u0103 clar pozitiv\u0103 asupra calit\u0103\u021bii lucr\u0103rii centrului de date \u00een ansamblu: a devenit practic imposibil s\u0103 faci gre\u0219eli \u00een activitatea serviciilor de exploatare.<\/li>\n<li>Garan\u021bii de siguran\u021b\u0103 pentru companie \u0219i angaja\u021bii s\u0103i pe termen lung: conform statisticilor OSHA, doar \u00een SUA, respectarea reglement\u0103rilor LOTO previne 50.000 de accidente grave \u0219i 120 de decese anual.<\/li>\n<li>Investi\u021bii mici \u2013 efect semnificativ. Cheltuielile principale sunt pentru redactarea reglement\u0103rilor, regulilor, clasificarea situa\u021biilor \u0219i formarea angaja\u021bilor. Timpul total pentru implementare \u2013 4 luni, realizat\u0103 cu for\u021bele angaja\u021bilor companiei. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nRecomand\u0103m cu c\u0103ldur\u0103! <\/p>\n<p>Dac\u0103 ave\u021bi \u00eentreb\u0103ri, l\u0103sa\u021bi-le \u00een comentarii.<br \/>\n<br \/>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/linxdatacenter\/blog\/453874\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Safety first \u2013 \u043d\u0435 \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u044b\u0432, \u0430 \u0432\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0441 \u0440\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u0414\u0430\u0442\u0430-\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u044b \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\u043c, \u0430, \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442, \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u0430. \u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0443, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0435 Linxdatacenter \u0432 \u0421\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0442-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 LOTO, \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0443\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0426\u041e\u0414\u0430. \u0410\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0430\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0439, \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043c, \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0432 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 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