{"id":34904,"date":"2019-10-31T22:01:10","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:01:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/seti-kabelnogo-televideniya-dlya-samyh-malenkih-chast-7-opticheskie-priyomniki\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:01:10","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:01:10","slug":"seti-kabelnogo-televideniya-dlya-samyh-malenkih-chast-7-opticheskie-priyomniki","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/seti-kabelnogo-televideniya-dlya-samyh-malenkih-chast-7-opticheskie-priyomniki","title":{"rendered":"Re\u021bele de televiziune prin cablu pentru cei mai mici. Partea 7: Recep\u021bione optice","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Re\u021bele de televiziune prin cablu pentru cei mai mici. Partea 7: Recep\u021bione optice\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/584ee7cc84df80ab2b060e30286e5b2a.JPG\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nGrani\u021ba dintre mediul optic \u0219i cablul coaxial este receptorul optic. \u00cen acest articol, vom analiza construc\u021bia \u0219i set\u0103rile acestora.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">Con\u021binutul seriei de articole<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/449322\/\">Partea 1: Arhitectura general\u0103 a re\u021belei CATV<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/449902\/\">Partea 2: Compozi\u021bia \u0219i forma semnalului<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/450256\/\">Partea 3: Componenta analogic\u0103 a semnalului<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/450258\/\">Partea 4: Componenta digital\u0103 a semnalului<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/450278\/\">Partea 5: Re\u021beaua de distribu\u021bie coaxial\u0103<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/450452\/\">Partea 6: Amplificatoarele de semnal RF<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li>Partea 7: Recep\u021bionerele optice<\/li>\n<li>Partea 8: Re\u021beaua optic\u0103 magistral\u0103<\/li>\n<li>Partea 9: Sta\u021bia de cap<\/li>\n<li>Partea 10: Diagnosticul \u0219i repararea re\u021belei CATV<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nScopul receptorului optic este de a transfera semnalul din mediul optic \u00een cel electric. \u00cen cea mai simpl\u0103 form\u0103, acest lucru poate fi realizat cu ajutorul unui dispozitiv pasiv, care \u00ee\u0219i cucere\u0219te utilizatorii prin simplitatea sa:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Re\u021bele de televiziune prin cablu pentru cei mai mici. Partea 7: Recep\u021bione optice\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/5f137917cad905f73f5be394bca7743c.JPG\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Cu toate acestea, aceast\u0103 minune ingineresc\u0103 ofer\u0103 parametri de semnal destul de medii: la un nivel al semnalului optic de -1 la -2 dBm, parametrii de ie\u0219ire abia se \u00eencadreaz\u0103 \u00een standardele GOST, iar cre\u0219terea semnalului duce la o amplificare semnificativ\u0103 a zgomotului.<\/p>\n<p>Pentru a fi siguri de calitatea semnalului livrat, \u00een arhitectura FTTB este necesar s\u0103 se foloseasc\u0103 dispozitive mai complexe:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Re\u021bele de televiziune prin cablu pentru cei mai mici. Partea 7: Recep\u021bione optice\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/a39ede72e21499c856667d0b2b280969.JPG\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nReceptorii care se \u00eent\u00e2lnesc \u00een re\u021beaua noastr\u0103: Vector Lambda, Telmor MOB \u0219i Planar, fabricat \u00een \u021bar\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Fa\u021b\u0103 de fratele s\u0103u pasiv, toate acestea se disting printr-o schem\u0103 de circuit mai complex\u0103, care include filtre \u0219i amplificatoare, ceea ce asigur\u0103 un semnal de calitate care ajunge la abonat. Haide\u021bi s\u0103 le examin\u0103m mai de aproape:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Re\u021bele de televiziune prin cablu pentru cei mai mici. Partea 7: Recep\u021bione optice\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/1a899e7150b65ff76e73208946ae2156.JPG\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nReceptorul optic Telmor are \u00een interior un panou cu imaginea schemei structurale. Aceast\u0103 schem\u0103 este tipic\u0103 pentru receptorii optici.<\/p>\n<p>Nivelul optim al semnalului optic este, de obicei, \u00eentre -10 \u0219i +3 dBm; \u00een proiectare \u0219i punerea \u00een func\u021biune, valoarea optim\u0103 este de -1 dBm: aceasta ofer\u0103 un rezerv\u0103 rezonabil\u0103 \u00een cazul degrad\u0103rii liniei de transmisie, iar \u00een acela\u0219i timp un nivel sc\u0103zut genereaz\u0103 mai pu\u021bin zgomot la trecerea prin circuitele echipamentului.<\/p>\n<p>Schema AGC (Automatic Gain Control) \u00eencorporat\u0103 \u00een receptorul optic este responsabil\u0103 pentru men\u021binerea nivelului de ie\u0219ire \u00een parametrii specifica\u021bi prin reglarea nivelului semnalului de intrare. Aceasta \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103, dac\u0103 din diverse motive semnalul optic se schimb\u0103 semnificativ, dar r\u0103m\u00e2ne \u00een intervalul de lucru al AGC (aproximativ \u00eentre 0 \u0219i -7 dBm), receptorul va livra corect \u00een re\u021beaua coaxial\u0103 semnalul la nivelul setat la configurare. \u00cen cazuri deosebit de importante, exist\u0103 dispozitive cu dou\u0103 intr\u0103ri optice, fiecare dintre acestea fiind monitorizat\u0103 \u0219i put\u00e2nd fi utilizat\u0103 at\u00e2t manual c\u00e2t \u0219i automat.<\/p>\n<p>Toate receptorile optice active con\u021bin un stadiu de amplificare, care asigur\u0103, de asemenea, posibilitatea de a regla panta \u0219i nivelul semnalului de ie\u0219ire.<\/p>\n<h1>Gestionarea receptorilor optici<\/h1>\n<p>\nPentru configurarea parametrilor semnalului, precum \u0219i pentru modificarea \u0219i controlul func\u021biilor de servicii \u00eencorporate ale receptorilor, exist\u0103 de obicei controale simple. La MOB-ul prezentat \u00een fotografia de mai sus, aceasta este o plac\u0103 separat\u0103, care se instaleaz\u0103 op\u021bional \u00een carcas\u0103. De asemenea, ca alternativ\u0103, se propune utilizarea unei pl\u0103ci cu montare rapid\u0103, care se instaleaz\u0103 doar pe perioada configur\u0103rii \u00een porturile de pe placa principal\u0103. \u00cen practic\u0103, acest lucru nu este foarte convenabil, desigur.<\/p>\n<p>Panoul de control permite setarea valorilor atenuatorului de intrare (al c\u0103rui sporire reduce semnalul de ie\u0219ire \u00een conformitate cu coeficientul de amplificare), activarea sau dezactivarea (precum \u0219i setarea unor valori fixe) AGL, setarea parametrilor de \u00eenclinare \u0219i configurarea interfe\u021bei ethernet.<\/p>\n<p>Receptorul Planar din Chelyabinsk are un indicator clar al nivelului semnalului optic, iar set\u0103rile se fac simplu: cu un buton rotativ \u0219i prin schimbarea inserturilor care modific\u0103 caracteristicile stadiului de amplificare. \u00cen capacul rabatabil se afl\u0103 un bloc de alimentare.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Re\u021bele de televiziune prin cablu pentru cei mai mici. Partea 7: Recep\u021bione optice\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/9c0873567e055c0292484b3f71ed9f26.JPG\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nReceptorul Vector Lambda, realizat \u00eentr-un design \u201etech-porn,\u201d dispune de un ecran cu dou\u0103 cifre \u0219i doar trei butoane.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Re\u021bele de televiziune prin cablu pentru cei mai mici. Partea 7: Recep\u021bione optice\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/ee9f491e8d40db7a66573189429b0fd2.JPG\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nPentru a distinge valorile pozitive de cele negative, acest receptor afi\u0219eaz\u0103 valorile negative cu toate segmentele, iar zero pozitiv \u0219i +1 le arat\u0103 cu o \u00een\u0103l\u021bime de jum\u0103tate din ecran. La valori mai mari de +1,9 pur \u0219i simplu scrie \u201eHI\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Aceste elemente de control sunt convenabile pentru ajust\u0103rile operative la fa\u021ba locului, dar pentru posibilitatea monitoriz\u0103rii \u0219i controlului la distan\u021b\u0103, aproape toate receptorii au un port ethernet. Interfa\u021ba web permite controlul \u0219i modificarea parametrilor, iar pentru integrarea cu sistemele de monitorizare se suport\u0103 interogarea SNMP.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Re\u021bele de televiziune prin cablu pentru cei mai mici. Partea 7: Recep\u021bione optice\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/bd6d6b70f246cbd3355a53f6f28b0fe5.JPG\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nAici vedem aceea\u0219i schem\u0103 structural\u0103 tipic\u0103 a receptorului, pe care exist\u0103 op\u021biunea de modificare a parametrilor AGL \u0219i atenuatorului. \u00cen schimb, \u00eenclinarea acestui receptor se seteaz\u0103 doar prin jumperi pe plac\u0103 \u0219i are trei pozi\u021bii fixe.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Re\u021bele de televiziune prin cablu pentru cei mai mici. Partea 7: Recep\u021bione optice\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/0b8f2ccc0529f472a5a7721c3cc958ce.JPG\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>L\u00e2ng\u0103 schem\u0103 se afi\u0219eaz\u0103 parametrii importa\u021bi pentru monitorizare: nivelurile semnalului de intrare \u0219i ie\u0219ire, precum \u0219i valorile tensiunilor ob\u021binute de la blocul de alimentare \u00eencorporat. 99% din defec\u021biunile acestor receptori apar dup\u0103 deteriorarea acestor tensiuni, a\u0219a c\u0103 merit\u0103 s\u0103 le monitoriz\u0103m pentru a preveni accidentele.<\/p>\n<p>Prin cuv\u00e2ntul Transponder se refer\u0103 la interfa\u021ba IP, iar aceast\u0103 fil\u0103 con\u021bine set\u0103rile pentru adres\u0103, masc\u0103 \u0219i gateway - nimic interesant.<\/p>\n<h1>Bonus: receptor TV terestru<\/h1>\n<p>\nAceasta nu se leag\u0103 de tema seriei, dar voi men\u021biona pe scurt recep\u021bia TV. De ce acum? Pur \u0219i simplu, dac\u0103 ne g\u00e2ndim la re\u021beaua unui bloc de apartamente, totul depinde de sursa semnalului \u00een re\u021beaua coaxial\u0103, ceea ce determin\u0103 dac\u0103 re\u021beaua este cablat\u0103 sau terestr\u0103. <\/p>\n<p>\u00cen absen\u021ba fibrei optice, un receptor de televizune terestr\u0103, cum ar fi Terra MA201, poate fi instalat \u00een locul OP:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Re\u021bele de televiziune prin cablu pentru cei mai mici. Partea 7: Recep\u021bione optice\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/f35f28a1c7813f0a13ac883472bc34e2.JPG\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nLa por\u021bile de intrare ale receptorului se conecteaz\u0103 mai multe antene (de obicei, trei), fiecare dintre ele asigur\u00e2nd recep\u021bia propriului interval de frecven\u021be.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Re\u021bele de televiziune prin cablu pentru cei mai mici. Partea 7: Recep\u021bione optice\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/240704544381b0cb45201ae229c3cb09.JPG\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<code>De fapt, odat\u0103 cu trecerea la televiziunea digital\u0103, aceast\u0103 necesitate dispare, deoarece multiplexurile digitale sunt transmise toate \u00eentr-un singur interval.<\/code><\/p>\n<p>Pentru fiecare dintre antene, se poate ajusta sensibilitatea pentru a reduce zgomotul \u0219i, dac\u0103 este necesar, se poate alimenta de la distan\u021b\u0103 amplificatorul \u00eencorporat \u00een anten\u0103. Apoi, semnalul trece printr-un stadiu de amplificare \u0219i este sumat. Posibilitatea de a regla nivelul de ie\u0219ire se reduce la dezactivarea stadiilor cascadei, iar reglarea \u00eenclina\u021biei nu este prev\u0103zut\u0103 deloc: pentru a ob\u021bine forma dorit\u0103 a spectrului, se pot face ajust\u0103ri ale sensibilit\u0103\u021bii fiec\u0103rei antene \u00een parte. \u0218i dac\u0103 un astfel de receptor are la baz\u0103 kilometri de cablu coaxial, pierderile din acesta sunt compensate prin instalarea \u0219i setarea amplificatoarelor, la fel ca \u00een re\u021beaua cablat\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Dac\u0103 dori\u021bi, pute\u021bi combina sursele de semnal: s\u0103 aduna\u021bi \u00eentr-o singur\u0103 re\u021bea semnalul cablat, terestru \u0219i, \u00een plus, semnalul prin satelit. Acest lucru se face cu ajutorul multiswitch-urilor - dispozitive care permit sumarea \u0219i distribuirea semnalelor din diferite surse.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Re\u021bele de televiziune prin cablu pentru cei mai mici. Partea 7: Recep\u021bione optice\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/1cecfac52fdf6c4ea6852a64f7b404a1.JPG\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/454542\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0413\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043a\u0430\u0431\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c \u2014 \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0451\u043c\u043d\u0438\u043a. \u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c \u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0438. \u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 1: \u041e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u041a\u0422\u0412 \u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 2: \u0421\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u0438 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 3: \u0410\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 4: \u0426\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 5: \u041a\u043e\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 6: \u0423\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 RF-\u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 7: \u041e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":26277,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-34904","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - 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