{"id":34954,"date":"2019-10-31T22:01:30","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:01:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/rezervnoe-kopirovanie-chast-3-obzor-i-testirovanie-duplicity-duplicati\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:01:30","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:01:30","slug":"rezervnoe-kopirovanie-chast-3-obzor-i-testirovanie-duplicity-duplicati","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/rezervnoe-kopirovanie-chast-3-obzor-i-testirovanie-duplicity-duplicati","title":{"rendered":"Backup, partea 3: Prezentare \u0219i testare a duplicity, duplicati","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Backup,<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u00cen aceast\u0103 not\u0103 sunt discutate instrumentele de backup care efectueaz\u0103 backup prin crearea de arhive pe un server de rezerv\u0103.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Dintre acele instrumente care \u00eendeplinesc cerin\u021bele, se num\u0103r\u0103 duplicity (care are o interfa\u021b\u0103 pl\u0103cut\u0103 sub forma deja dup) \u0219i duplicati.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Un alt instrument de backup remarcabil este dar, dar av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere c\u0103 acesta dispune de o list\u0103 foarte extins\u0103 de op\u021biuni, metodologia de testare acoper\u0103 cu greu 10% din ceea ce poate realiza. A\u0219adar, nu-l test\u0103m \u00een cadrul acestui ciclu.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Rezultatele a\u0219teptate<\/h3>\n

<\/p>\n

Deoarece ambele solu\u021bii genereaz\u0103 arhive, ca referin\u021b\u0103 putem folosi tar-ul obi\u0219nuit.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u00cen plus, evalu\u0103m c\u00e2t de bine se optimizeaz\u0103 stocarea datelor pe serverul de stocare prin crearea de backup-uri care con\u021bin doar diferen\u021bele \u00eentre copia complet\u0103 \u0219i starea curent\u0103 a fi\u0219ierelor, sau \u00eentre arhivele anterioare \u0219i cele curente (incrementale, decrementale etc.).<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Comportamentul la crearea backup-urilor:<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Num\u0103rul relativ mic de fi\u0219iere pe serverul de backup (comparabil cu num\u0103rul de backup-uri sau dimensiunea datelor \u00een GB), dar dimensiunea acestora este destul de mare (c\u00e2teva zeci sau sute de megabytes).<\/li>\n
  2. Dimensiunea depozitului va include doar modific\u0103rile \u2014 duplicatele nu vor fi stocate, astfel c\u0103 dimensiunea depozitului va fi mai mic\u0103 dec\u00e2t \u00een cazul software-ului bazat pe rsync.<\/li>\n
  3. Se a\u0219teapt\u0103 o mare \u00eenc\u0103rcare pe procesor atunci c\u00e2nd se folose\u0219te compresia \u0219i\/sau criptarea, precum \u0219i, probabil, o \u00eenc\u0103rcare destul de mare pe re\u021bea \u0219i subsistemul de disc, dac\u0103 procesul de arhivare \u0219i\/sau criptare va func\u021biona pe serverul de backup.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    <\/p>\n

    Ca valoare de referin\u021b\u0103, vom rula urm\u0103toarea comand\u0103:<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    cd \/src\/dir; tar -cf - * | ssh backup_server \"cat > \/backup\/dir\/archive.tar\"<\/code><\/pre>\n
    <\/p>\n
    Rezultatele ob\u021binute sunt urm\u0103toarele:<\/p>\n
    <\/p>\n
    \"Backup,<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n
    <\/p>\n
    Timpul de execu\u021bie a fost 3m12s. Este evident c\u0103 viteza a fost limitat\u0103 de subsistemul de disc al serverului de backup, similar cu exemplul cu rsync<\/a><\/noindex>. Doar pu\u021bin mai rapid, deoarece scrierea se face \u00eentr-un singur fi\u0219ier.<\/p>\n
    <\/p>\n
    De asemenea, pentru a evalua compresia, vom rula aceea\u0219i variant\u0103, dar vom activa compresia pe partea serverului de backup:<\/p>\n
    <\/p>\n
    cd \/src\/dir; tar -cf - * | ssh backup_server \"gzip > \/backup\/dir\/archive.tgz\"<\/code><\/pre>\n
    <\/p>\n
    Rezultatele sunt urm\u0103toarele:<\/p>\n
    <\/p>\n
    \"Backup,<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n
    <\/p>\n
    Timpul de execu\u021bie a fost 10m11s. Cel mai probabil, problema este compressor-ul pe un singur fir de pe partea de primire.<\/p>\n
    <\/p>\n
    Aceea\u0219i comand\u0103, dar cu transferul compresiei pe server cu datele originale pentru a verifica ipoteza c\u0103 punctul slab este compresorul de un singur fir.<\/p>\n
    <\/p>\n
    cd \/src\/dir; tar -czf - * | ssh backup_server \"cat > \/backup\/dir\/archive.tgz\"<\/code><\/pre>\n
    <\/p>\n
    A ie\u0219it a\u0219a:<\/p>\n
    <\/p>\n
    \"Backup,<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n
    <\/p>\n
    Timpul de execu\u021bie a fost de 9m37s. Se vede clar \u00eenc\u0103rcarea unui nucleu de c\u0103tre compresor, deoarece viteza de transmitere prin re\u021bea \u0219i \u00eenc\u0103rcarea subsistemului de disc surs\u0103 sunt asem\u0103n\u0103toare.<\/p>\n
    <\/p>\n
    Pentru a evalua criptarea, se pot folosi openssl sau gpg, conect\u00e2nd o comand\u0103 suplimentar\u0103 openssl<\/code> sau gpg<\/code> \u00een pipe. Ca orientare, va fi o comand\u0103 de acest tip:<\/p>\n
    <\/p>\n
    cd \/src\/dir; tar -cf - * | ssh backup_server \"gzip | openssl enc -e -aes256 -pass pass:somepassword -out \/backup\/dir\/archive.tgz.enc\"<\/code><\/pre>\n
    <\/p>\n
    Rezultatele au fost urm\u0103toarele:<\/p>\n
    <\/p>\n
    \"Backup,<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n
    <\/p>\n
    Timpul de execu\u021bie a fost de 10m30s, deoarece au fost lansate 2 procese pe partea de primire \u2013 din nou, punctul slab este compresorul de un singur fir, plus unele costuri suplimentare pentru criptare.<\/p>\n
    <\/p>\n
    UPD:<\/strong> La cererea lui bliznezz, adaug teste cu pigz. Dac\u0103 folosim doar compresorul \u2013 a fost ob\u021binut \u00een 6m30s, dac\u0103 ad\u0103ug\u0103m \u0219i criptarea \u2013 aproximativ 7m. Pr\u0103bu\u0219irea din graficul de mai jos \u2013 cache-ul de disc ne\u0219ters:<\/p>\n
    <\/p>\n
    \"Backup,<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n
    <\/p>\n
    Testarea duplicity<\/h3>\n
    <\/p>\n
    Duplicity \u2013 software pe Python pentru backup prin crearea de arhive criptate \u00een format tar.<\/p>\n
    <\/p>\n
    Pentru arhivele incrementale se folose\u0219te librsync, prin urmare, se poate anticipa un comportament descris \u00een nota anterioar\u0103 a ciclului<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n
    <\/p>\n
    Copiile de siguran\u021b\u0103 pot fi criptate \u0219i semnate cu ajutorul gnupg, ceea ce este important atunci c\u00e2nd folosi\u021bi diferi\u021bi furnizori pentru stocarea copiilor de siguran\u021b\u0103 (s3, backblaze, gdrive etc.)<\/p>\n
    <\/p>\n
    S\u0103 vedem ce rezultate vor fi:<\/p>\n
    \nIat\u0103 rezultatele ob\u021binute la execu\u021bia f\u0103r\u0103 criptare<\/b><\/p>\n
    spoiler<\/p>\n
    <\/p>\n
    \"Backup,<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n
    <\/p>\n
    Timpul de execu\u021bie pentru fiecare test:<\/p>\n
    <\/p>\n
    Execu\u021bie 1
    \nExecu\u021bie 2
    \nExecu\u021bie 3<\/p>\n
    16m33s
    \n17m20s
    \n16m30s<\/p>\n
    8m29s
    \n9m3s
    \n8m45s<\/p>\n
    5m21s
    \n6m04s
    \n5m53s<\/p>\n
    <\/p>\n
    Iat\u0103 rezultatele cu criptarea gnupg activat\u0103, cu dimensiunea cheii de 2048 de bi\u021bi:<\/p>\n
    <\/p>\n
    \"Backup,<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n
    <\/p>\n
    Timpul de lucru cu acelea\u0219i date, cu criptare:<\/p>\n
    <\/p>\n
    Execu\u021bie 1
    \nExecu\u021bie 2
    \nExecu\u021bie 3<\/p>\n
    17m22s
    \n17m32s
    \n17m28s<\/p>\n
    8m52s
    \n9m13s
    \n9m3s<\/p>\n
    5m48s
    \n5m40s
    \n5m30s<\/p>\n
    <\/p>\n
    S-a specificat dimensiunea blocului \u2013 512 megabytes, ceea ce se observ\u0103 clar pe grafice; \u00eenc\u0103rcarea procesorului s-a men\u021binut practic la nivelul de 50%, deci programul utilizeaz\u0103 nu mai mult de un nucleu de procesor.<\/p>\n
    <\/p>\n
    De asemenea, se observ\u0103 destul de bine principiul de func\u021bionare al programului: s-a luat un fragment de date, s-a comprimat, s-a trimis pe serverul de stocare a copiilor de siguran\u021b\u0103 care poate fi destul de lent.
    \nO alt\u0103 caracteristic\u0103 \u2013 timpul de lucru previzibil al programului, care depinde doar de dimensiunea datelor modificate.<\/p>\n
    <\/p>\n
    Activarea cript\u0103rii nu a crescut semnificativ timpul de execu\u021bie al programului, dar a crescut \u00eenc\u0103rcarea CPU-ului cu aproximativ 10%, ceea ce poate fi un bonus destul de pl\u0103cut.<\/p>\n
    <\/p>\n
    Din p\u0103cate, acest program nu a reu\u0219it s\u0103 detecteze corect situa\u021bia de redenumire a directorului, iar dimensiunea rezultat\u0103 a reposito irului a fost egal\u0103 cu dimensiunea modific\u0103rilor (adic\u0103 to\u021bi cei 18GB), dar capacitatea de a utiliza un server nesigur pentru backup acoper\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 \u00eendoial\u0103 acest comportament.<\/p>\n
    <\/p>\n
    Testare duplicati<\/h3>\n
    <\/p>\n
    Aceast\u0103 aplica\u021bie este scris\u0103 \u00een C# \u0219i ruleaz\u0103 folosind un set de biblioteci de la Mono. Exist\u0103 o versiune GUI, precum \u0219i una cli.<\/p>\n
    <\/p>\n
    Lista aproximativ\u0103 a func\u021biilor principale este apropiat\u0103 de duplicity, inclusiv diferi\u021bi furnizori pentru stocarea backup-urilor, \u00eens\u0103, spre deosebire de duplicity, majoritatea func\u021biilor sunt disponibile f\u0103r\u0103 instrumente externe. Dac\u0103 este un avantaj sau un dezavantaj depinde de context, dar pentru \u00eencep\u0103tori, cel mai probabil, este mai simplu s\u0103 aib\u0103 lista tuturor func\u021biilor disponibile dintr-o dat\u0103, dec\u00e2t s\u0103 instaleze pachete pentru python, ca \u00een cazul duplicity.<\/p>\n
    <\/p>\n
    Un alt mic detaliu - programul scrie activ o baz\u0103 de date local\u0103 sqlite din numele utilizatorului care porne\u0219te backup-ul, a\u0219a c\u0103 trebuie s\u0103 acorda\u021bi o aten\u021bie suplimentar\u0103 specific\u0103rii corecte a bazei necesare la fiecare pornire a procesului utiliz\u00e2nd cli. Atunci c\u00e2nd lucra\u021bi prin GUI sau WEBGUI, detaliile vor fi ascunse utilizatorului.<\/p>\n
    \nS\u0103 vedem ce rezultate poate oferi aceast\u0103 solu\u021bie:<\/b><\/p>\n
    Dac\u0103 dezactivezi criptarea (de\u0219i WEBGUI nu recomand\u0103 acest lucru), rezultatele sunt urm\u0103toarele:<\/p>\n
    <\/p>\n
    \"Backup,<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n
    <\/p>\n
    Timpul de lucru:<\/p>\n
    <\/p>\n
    Execu\u021bie 1
    \nExecu\u021bie 2
    \nExecu\u021bie 3<\/p>\n
    20m43s
    \n20m13s
    \n20m28s<\/p>\n
    5m21s
    \n5m40s
    \n5m35s<\/p>\n
    7m36s
    \n7m54s
    \n7m49s<\/p>\n
    <\/p>\n
    Cu criptarea activat\u0103, folosind aes, rezultatele sunt urm\u0103toarele:<\/p>\n
    <\/p>\n
    \"Backup,<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n
    <\/p>\n
    Timpul de lucru:<\/p>\n
    <\/p>\n
    Execu\u021bie 1
    \nExecu\u021bie 2
    \nExecu\u021bie 3<\/p>\n
    29m9s
    \n30m1s
    \n29m54s<\/p>\n
    5m29s
    \n6m2s
    \n5m54s<\/p>\n
    8m44s
    \n9m12s
    \n9m1s<\/p>\n
    <\/p>\n
    Iar dac\u0103 folose\u0219ti programul extern gnupg, iat\u0103 rezultatele:<\/p>\n
    <\/p>\n
    \"Backup,<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n
    <\/p>\n
    Execu\u021bie 1
    \nExecu\u021bie 2
    \nExecu\u021bie 3<\/p>\n
    26m6s
    \n26m35s
    \n26m17s<\/p>\n
    5m20s
    \n5m48s
    \n5m40s<\/p>\n
    8m12s
    \n8m42s
    \n8m15s<\/p>\n
    <\/p>\n
    Dup\u0103 cum se vede, programul poate rula \u00een mai multe fire de execu\u021bie, dar nu devine o solu\u021bie mai performant\u0103, iar compar\u00e2nd executarea cript\u0103rii - lansarea programului extern
    \ns-a dovedit a fi mai rapid\u0103 dec\u00e2t utilizarea bibliotecii din setul Mono. Este posibil ca acest lucru s\u0103 se datoreze faptului c\u0103 programul extern este mai bine optimizat.<\/p>\n
    <\/p>\n
    Un aspect pl\u0103cut a fost \u0219i faptul c\u0103 dimensiunea depozitului ocup\u0103 exact at\u00e2t c\u00e2t au fost datele modificate, adic\u0103 duplicati a detectat redenumirea directorului \u0219i a gestionat corect aceast\u0103 situa\u021bie. Acest lucru poate fi observat \u00een timpul celei de-a doua teste.<\/p>\n
    <\/p>\n
    \u00cen general, impresiile sunt destul de pozitive despre program, inclusiv prietenia suficient\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 de \u00eencep\u0103tori.<\/p>\n
    <\/p>\n
    Rezultate<\/h3>\n
    <\/p>\n
    Ambele solu\u021bii au func\u021bionat destul de lent, dar, \u00een general, comparativ cu tar-ul obi\u0219nuit, exist\u0103 progrese, cel pu\u021bin \u00een cazul duplicati. Pre\u021bul acestui progres este, de asemenea, clar \u2014 o sarcin\u0103 semnificativ\u0103 asupra
    \nprocesorului. \u00cen general, nu sunt abateri speciale \u00een prognozarea rezultatelor.<\/p>\n
    <\/p>\n
    Conclusions<\/h3>\n
    <\/p>\n
    Dac\u0103 nu exist\u0103 o grab\u0103, iar procesorul are resurse suficiente \u2014 oricare dintre solu\u021biile discutate este potrivit\u0103; cu siguran\u021b\u0103 s-a efectuat o munc\u0103 destul de mare, care nu merit\u0103 repetat\u0103 prin scrierea de scripturi de \u00eenv\u0103luire peste tar. Existen\u021ba cript\u0103rii este o caracteristic\u0103 foarte necesar\u0103, dac\u0103 serverul pentru stocarea copiilor de rezerv\u0103 nu poate fi pe deplin de \u00eencredere.<\/p>\n
    <\/p>\n
    Compar\u00e2nd cu solu\u021biile bazate pe rsync<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 performan\u021ba poate fi de c\u00e2teva ori mai slab\u0103, cu toate c\u0103, \u00een forma sa pur\u0103, tar a func\u021bionat mai repede dec\u00e2t rsync cu 20-30%.
    \nExist\u0103 economii la dimensiunea depozitului, dar doar la duplicati.<\/p>\n
    <\/p>\n
    Anun\u021b<\/h3>\n
    <\/p>\n
    Backup, partea 1: De ce este necesar backup-ul, revizuirea metodelor, tehnologiilor.<\/a><\/noindex>
    \n    Backup, partea 2: Revizuirea \u0219i testarea instrumentelor de backup bazate pe rsync.<\/a><\/noindex>
    \nBackup, partea 3: Prezentare general\u0103 \u0219i testare a duplicity, duplicati, deja dup
    \nBackup, partea 4: Revizuirea \u0219i testarea zbackup, restic, borgbackup
    \nBackup, partea 5: Testarea bacula \u0219i veeam backup pentru linux.
    \nBackup, partea 6: Compara\u021bia uneltelor de backup
    \nBackup, partea 7: Concluzii<\/p>\n
    <\/p>\n
    Autorul publica\u021biei:<\/u> Pavel Demkovich<\/p>\n
    Sursa: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
    \u0412 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435. \u0418\u0437 \u0442\u0435\u0445, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c \u2014 duplicity (\u043a \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441 \u0432 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435 deja dup) \u0438 duplicati. \u0415\u0449\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u2014 dar, \u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0443 \u0443 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0448\u0438\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u043e\u043f\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u2014 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043a\u0430 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":26307,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-34954","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Backup, partea 3: Prezentare general\u0103 \u0219i testare a duplicity, duplicati | ProHoster","description":"\u00cen 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