{"id":35095,"date":"2019-10-31T22:02:18","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:02:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/proverka-kompetentsij-s-pomoshhyu-testov-pochemu-i-kak\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:02:18","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:02:18","slug":"proverka-kompetentsij-s-pomoshhyu-testov-pochemu-i-kak","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/proverka-kompetentsij-s-pomoshhyu-testov-pochemu-i-kak","title":{"rendered":"Verificarea competen\u021belor prin teste \u2013 de ce \u0219i cum","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00cen articolul meu<\/a><\/noindex> am discutat despre 7 metode rapide de verificare a competen\u021belor speciali\u0219tilor IT, pe care le putem aplica \u00eenainte de a desf\u0103\u0219ura un interviu tehnic amplu \u0219i laborios. Atunci, mi-am exprimat aprecierea pentru teste cu timp limitat. \u00cen acest articol, voi explora subiectul testelor \u00een detaliu.<\/p>\n

Testele cu timp limitat sunt un instrument universal, care se potrivesc bine pentru verificarea cuno\u0219tin\u021belor \u0219i abilit\u0103\u021bilor practice ale speciali\u0219tilor din orice profesie. <\/p>\n

A\u0219adar, misiunea este \u2013 avem un flux de aplica\u021bii de la candida\u021bi pentru un post, trebuie s\u0103 ob\u021binem rapid \u0219i simplu informa\u021bii suplimentare despre abilit\u0103\u021bile candida\u021bilor \u0219i conformitatea acestora cu cerin\u021bele postului nostru. Vrem ca aceast\u0103 verificare a competen\u021belor s\u0103 nu ne ia mult timp, s\u0103 fie extrem de fiabil\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 fie comod\u0103 pentru candida\u021bi, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t ace\u0219tia s\u0103 fie dispu\u0219i s\u0103 participe la verificarea noastr\u0103.<\/p>\n

O solu\u021bie bun\u0103 pentru aceast\u0103 sarcin\u0103 sunt testele scurte cu timp limitat. Se limiteaz\u0103 nu la momentul \u00een care testul \u00eencepe, ci la intervalul \u00een care candidatul trebuie s\u0103 r\u0103spund\u0103 la \u00eentreb\u0103ri. Un exemplu tipic al unui astfel de test este examenul pentru cuno\u0219tin\u021bele regulilor de circula\u021bie, care reprezint\u0103 prima etap\u0103 a examenului pentru ob\u021binerea permisului de conducere. \u00cen 20 de minute trebuie s\u0103 r\u0103spunde\u021bi la 20 de \u00eentreb\u0103ri.
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Pu\u021bin\u0103 teorie<\/h3>\n

\n\u00cen articolul anterior<\/a><\/noindex> Am vorbit despre modelul hibrid de luare a deciziilor \u201ede c\u0103tre omul ra\u021bional\u201d, propus de Daniel Kahneman \u0219i colegii s\u0103i. Conform acestei concep\u021bii, comportamentul uman este guvernat de dou\u0103 sisteme de luare a deciziilor care interac\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00eentre ele. Sistemul 1 \u2013 rapid \u0219i automat, asigur\u0103 siguran\u021ba organismului \u0219i nu necesit\u0103 eforturi considerabile pentru formarea unei decizii. Acest sistem se dezvolt\u0103 pe baza experien\u021bei acumulate de-a lungul vie\u021bii. Precizia deciziilor acestui sistem depinde de experien\u021ba personal\u0103 \u0219i de instruire, iar viteza \u2013 de particularit\u0103\u021bile sistemului nervos al individului. Sistemul 2 \u2013 lent, necesit\u0103 efort \u0219i concentrare. El ne asigur\u0103 ra\u021bionamente complexe \u0219i concluzii logice, activitatea sa dezv\u0103luie poten\u021bialul inteligen\u021bei umane. Totu\u0219i, atunci c\u00e2nd acest sistem este activat, consum\u0103 intens resurse \u2013 energie \u0219i aten\u021bie. De aceea, cea mai mare parte a deciziilor este luat\u0103 de Sistemul 1 \u2013 astfel, comportamentul uman devine mult mai eficient. Sistemul 1 se dezvolt\u0103 suficient de mult datorit\u0103 eforturilor depuse de Sistemul 2, dar ulterior ofer\u0103 reac\u021bii rapide \u0219i automate. Sistemul 2 este un rezolvitor de probleme universal, dar func\u021bioneaz\u0103 lent \u0219i obose\u0219te repede. \u201e\u00cembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea\u201d Sistemului 2 este posibil\u0103, dar limitele posibilelor \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021biri sunt foarte modeste \u0219i acest proces este \u00eendelungat \u0219i necesit\u0103 eforturi considerabile. Exist\u0103 o mare cerere \u00een societatea uman\u0103 pentru \u201e\u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea\u201d Sistemului 1. Atunci c\u00e2nd c\u0103ut\u0103m o persoan\u0103 experimentat\u0103 \u00eentr-un domeniu, \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 Sistemul s\u0103u 1 este antrenat s\u0103 rezolve rapid sarcinile de care avem nevoie. <\/p>\n

Consider c\u0103 cea mai bun\u0103 metod\u0103 de evaluare a abilit\u0103\u021bilor Sistemului 1 al unei persoane \u00eentr-un anumit domeniu de cuno\u0219tin\u021be const\u0103 \u00een teste cu limit\u0103 de timp. Un test elaborat o dat\u0103 permite evaluarea rapid\u0103 \u0219i compararea multor candida\u021bi \u00eentre ei. Acesta este un instrument de digitalizare a controlului cuno\u0219tin\u021belor \u0219i abilit\u0103\u021bilor. <\/p>\n

Cum s\u0103 realiz\u0103m un test bun?<\/h3>\n

\nObiectivul unui test bine elaborat const\u0103 \u00een determinarea gradului de preg\u0103tire a Sistemului 1 al candidatului pentru cuno\u0219tin\u021bele \u0219i abilit\u0103\u021bile de care ave\u021bi nevoie. Pentru a crea un astfel de test, trebuie mai \u00eent\u00e2i s\u0103 stabili\u021bi temele \u0219i abilit\u0103\u021bile necesare, apoi s\u0103 elabora\u021bi \u00eentreb\u0103rile \u0219i variantele de r\u0103spuns. <\/p>\n

A\u0219adar, iat\u0103 criteriile mele pentru preg\u0103tirea unui test care s\u0103 evalueze cu precizie \u0219i calitate cuno\u0219tin\u021bele \u0219i abilit\u0103\u021bile candida\u021bilor:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u00centreb\u0103rile \u0219i variantele de r\u0103spuns trebuie s\u0103 fie simple. Fie \u0219tii r\u0103spunsul corect, fie nu \u0219tii. Nu este necesar s\u0103 incluzi \u00een test necesitatea unor ra\u021bionamente complexe sau calcule. <\/li>\n
  2. Executarea testului trebuie s\u0103 fie limitat\u0103 \u00een timp. Poate chiar limita timpul de reflec\u021bie pentru fiecare r\u0103spuns. Dac\u0103 candidatul nu poate s\u0103 se decid\u0103 asupra unui r\u0103spuns \u00een, s\u0103 zicem, 30 de secunde, atunci cu siguran\u021b\u0103 nu-l vor ajuta reflec\u021biile \u00eendelungate. G\u0103sirea r\u0103spunsului corect \u00een 30 de secunde ar trebui s\u0103 fie, de asemenea, dificil\u0103. <\/li>\n
  3. \u00centreb\u0103rile ar trebui s\u0103 fie despre practici care sunt, \u00eentr-adev\u0103r, necesare \u00een munc\u0103 - nu abstracte \u0219i teoretice, ci strict practice.<\/li>\n
  4. Este recomandabil s\u0103 existe mai multe \u00eentreb\u0103ri pe fiecare mic\u0103 tem\u0103. Aceste \u00eentreb\u0103ri pot varia pentru diferi\u021bi candida\u021bi (aceasta este similar\u0103 cu diferitele variante de teste din \u0219coal\u0103) sau s\u0103 fie toate incluse \u00eentr-o variant\u0103 mai lung\u0103 a testului.<\/li>\n
  5. Num\u0103rul de \u00eentreb\u0103ri \u0219i timpul alocat pentru finalizarea testului ar trebui s\u0103 fie strict legate. M\u0103sura\u021bi c\u00e2t timp dureaz\u0103 citirea \u00eentreb\u0103rilor \u0219i a variantelor de r\u0103spuns. Ad\u0103uga\u021bi la acest timp 10-20 de secunde pentru fiecare \u00eentrebare - acesta este timpul pentru reflec\u021bie \u0219i alegerea r\u0103spunsului.<\/li>\n
  6. Este recomandabil s\u0103 testa\u021bi testul pe angaja\u021bii dumneavoastr\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 le urm\u0103ri\u021bi timpul de finalizare, pentru a determina timpul suficient pentru candida\u021bi.<\/li>\n
  7. Volumul testului depinde de obiectivele utiliz\u0103rii acestuia. Pentru o evaluare ini\u021bial\u0103 a competen\u021belor, \u00een opinia mea, sunt suficiente 10-30 de \u00eentreb\u0103ri cu o limit\u0103 de timp de 5-15 minute. Pentru o diagnosticare mai detaliat\u0103 a abilit\u0103\u021bilor, testele de 30-45 de minute, con\u021bin\u00e2nd 50-100 de \u00eentreb\u0103ri, sunt potrivite. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \nDe exemplu \u2013 acesta este testul pe care l-am dezvoltat \u0219i folosit recent \u00een procesul de selec\u021bie a candida\u021bilor pentru pozi\u021bia de recrutor IT. Timpul alocat pentru finalizarea testului a fost de 6 minute, timpul fiind controlat manual \u0219i pe cuv\u00e2nt de onoare. To\u021bi candida\u021bii testa\u021bi s-au \u00eencadrat \u00een acest timp. \u00cemi lua 30 de minute s\u0103 compun testul. docs.google.com\/forms\/d\/e\/1FAIpQLSfL2pUZob2Xq-1taJPwaB2rUifbdKWK4Mk0VREKp5yUZhTQXA\/viewform<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

    Pute\u021bi s\u0103 face\u021bi un test \u0219i, la final, s\u0103 vede\u021bi unde a\u021bi gre\u0219it. C\u00e2nd acest test a fost sus\u021binut de candida\u021bi, gre\u0219elile nu le-au fost afi\u0219ate, le-am discutat ulterior \u00een interviurile cu candida\u021bii care au f\u0103cut nu mai mult de 3 gre\u0219eli.<\/p>\n

    Instrumente<\/h3>\n

    \nAcum creez teste \u0219i sondaje cu ajutorul Google Forms \u2013 acesta este un instrument simplu, convenabil, universal \u0219i gratuit. Cu toate acestea, \u00eemi lipsesc anumite func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bi pentru a considera Google Forms un instrument bun pentru crearea testelor. Principalele mele obiec\u021bii la adresa Google Forms:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Lipsa contabiliz\u0103rii \u0219i controlului timpului, at\u00e2t pentru \u00eentregul test, c\u00e2t \u0219i pentru fiecare \u00eentrebare. Aceasta ofer\u0103 mai multe informa\u021bii despre comportamentul candidatului \u00een timpul testului. <\/li>\n
    2. Deoarece Google Forms nu este conceput \u00een mod implicit pentru teste, multe op\u021biuni importante pentru teste (de exemplu, \"r\u0103spunsul la \u00eentrebare este obligatoriu\" \u0219i \"amestecarea r\u0103spunsurilor\") trebuie s\u0103 fie selectate manual pentru fiecare \u00eentrebare, ceea ce necesit\u0103 timp \u0219i aten\u021bie. Pentru ca fiecare \u00eentrebare s\u0103 fie afi\u0219at\u0103 pe un ecran separat, trebuie create sec\u021biuni separate pentru fiecare \u00eentrebare, ceea ce duce la un num\u0103r mare de clicuri suplimentare.<\/li>\n
    3. Dac\u0103 trebuie s\u0103 fac un nou test ca o combina\u021bie de fragmente din mai multe teste existente (de exemplu, s\u0103 adun \u00eentreb\u0103ri pentru un programator fullstack din p\u0103r\u021bi de \u00eentreb\u0103ri pentru frontend \u0219i backend pe un anumit limbaj), trebuie s\u0103 dublez \u00eentreb\u0103rile manual. Nu exist\u0103 op\u021biunea de a selecta \u0219i copia mai multe sec\u021biuni sau \u00eentreb\u0103ri \u00eentr-un alt formular. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \nColegi, dac\u0103 \u0219ti\u021bi solu\u021bii mai bune pentru crearea testelor, v\u0103 rog s\u0103 scrie\u021bi despre acestea \u00een comentarii.
      \n
      Sursa:       habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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