{"id":35261,"date":"2019-10-31T22:03:19","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:03:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/samye-redkie-i-samye-dorogie-yazyki-programmirovaniya\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:03:19","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:03:19","slug":"samye-redkie-i-samye-dorogie-yazyki-programmirovaniya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/samye-redkie-i-samye-dorogie-yazyki-programmirovaniya","title":{"rendered":"Cele mai rare \u0219i cele mai scumpe limbaje de programare","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Se consider\u0103 c\u0103 limbajele de programare precum Rust, Erlang, Dart \u0219i c\u00e2teva altele sunt cele mai rare din lumea IT. Deoarece eu recrutez speciali\u0219ti IT pentru diverse companii, av\u00e2nd contact constant cu profesioni\u0219ti din domeniu \u0219i angajatori, am decis s\u0103 fac o cercetare personal\u0103 pentru a verifica dac\u0103 aceasta este \u00eentr-adev\u0103r realitatea. Informa\u021bia este relevant\u0103 pentru pia\u021ba IT din Rusia.<\/p>\n

Colectarea datelor<\/h2>\n

\nPentru a aduna informa\u021bii, am studiat num\u0103rul de anun\u021buri de recrutare care solicitau cuno\u0219tin\u021be \u00een aceste limbaje, precum \u0219i num\u0103rul de CV-uri care includeau aceste competen\u021be. Datele le-am str\u00e2ns de pe Linkedin, HeadHunter, \u0219i prin serviciul Amazing Hiring. De asemenea, am personalizat statistici referitoare la cererile din agen\u021bia mea. <\/p>\n

\u00cen total, cercetarea mea a vizat opt limbaje. <\/i>
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Rust <\/h3>\n

\nStatistici mondiale: Conform statisticilor Stackoverflow <\/a><\/noindex>din 2018, Rust a ocupat prima pozi\u021bie (pentru al treilea an consecutiv) \u00een clasamentul celor mai populare limbaje printre dezvoltatori \u0219i a \u0219asea pozi\u021bie \u00een lista limbajelor cu cele mai mari salarii (69,000 $ pe an).
\nCu toate c\u0103 limbajul este destul de popular la nivel mondial, \u00een Rusia acesta r\u0103m\u00e2ne unul dintre cele mai rare limbaje de programare. <\/p>\n

\u00cen abilit\u0103\u021bile esen\u021biale, cunoa\u0219terea Rust a fost men\u021bionat\u0103 de 319 speciali\u0219ti pe Headhunter \u0219i de 360 pe Linkedin. Totu\u0219i, doar 24 de dezvoltatori s-au identificat pe Headhunter ca dezvoltatori Rust. Se estimeaz\u0103 c\u0103 doar dou\u0103 companii din Rusia utilizeaz\u0103 Rust. La Headhunter, 32 de companii ofer\u0103 locuri de munc\u0103 pentru dezvoltatori Rust, iar pe Linkedin sunt 17. <\/p>\n

\u00cen agen\u021bia mea, regulat vin cereri pentru posturi de dezvoltatori Rust. Totu\u0219i, av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere c\u0103 speciali\u0219tii sunt extrem de pu\u021bini, am \u00eenceput s\u0103 am impresia c\u0103 cunosc to\u021bi speciali\u0219tii \u00een dezvoltarea Rust din \u021bar\u0103. Prin urmare, \u00een cazul limbajului Rust, mul\u021bi candida\u021bi interesa\u021bi de posturi \u00ee\u0219i dezvolt\u0103 abilit\u0103\u021bile \u00een acest limbaj pe parcursul \u00eendeplinirii sarcinilor. <\/p>\n

Erlang<\/h3>\n

\nConform acelea\u0219i statistici Stackoverflow<\/a><\/noindex> Erlang nu este departe de Rust \u0219i a ap\u0103rut \u0219i \u00een diverse clasamente. \u00cen lista celor mai populare limbaje printre dezvoltatori, Erlang ocup\u0103 locul dou\u0103zeci \u0219i unu, iar \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te nivelul salariilor, Erlang se situeaz\u0103 imediat dup\u0103 Rust, av\u00e2nd pozi\u021bia a \u0219aptea (67,000$ pe an). <\/p>\n

Pe Headhunter sunt 67 de oferte de munc\u0103 pentru dezvoltatori cu cuno\u0219tin\u021be de Erlang. Pe Linkedin \u2014 38. Dac\u0103 ne referim la num\u0103rul de CV-uri, cuno\u0219tin\u021bele directe de Erlang ca limbaj cheie (men\u021bionat\u0103 \u00een titlu) au fost \u00eent\u00e2lnite doar la 55 de dezvoltatori pe Headhunter \u0219i la 38 de speciali\u0219ti pe Linkedin. <\/p>\n

\u00cen plus, se observ\u0103 o tendin\u021b\u0103 de a angaja \u00een loc de dezvoltatori Erlang oameni care st\u0103p\u00e2nesc limbajul Go dezvoltat de Google sau Golang, deoarece sunt mai mul\u021bi \u0219i salariile sunt mai mici. Totu\u0219i, opinia mea personal\u0103 (bazat\u0103 pe datele agen\u021biei mele) este c\u0103 Go nu va \u00eenlocui Erlang, deoarece pentru proiectele foarte solicitante \u0219i complexe, Erlang este un limbaj indispensabil.<\/p>\n

Haxe <\/h3>\n

\nEste folosit \u00een principal \u00een dezvoltarea jocurilor. Practic nu exist\u0103 oferte de munc\u0103 (literalmente una pe Headhunter). Pe Linkedin, doar dou\u0103 companii cer cuno\u0219tin\u021be \u00een acest limbaj. Referitor la ofert\u0103 \u2014 aproape dou\u0103 sute de dezvoltatori au men\u021bionat pe Linkedin cuno\u0219tin\u021bele acestui limbaj, pe Headhunter \u2014 109, dintre care 10 persoane au inclus cuno\u0219tin\u021bele Haxe \u00een titlul CV-ului. Prin urmare, limbajul de programare Haxe este slab solicitat pe pia\u021ba din Rusia. Oferta dep\u0103\u0219e\u0219te cererea. <\/p>\n

Dart <\/h3>\n

\nInven\u021bia companiei Google. Limbajul devine din ce \u00een ce mai popular pe pia\u021b\u0103. Pe Headhunter sunt publicate 10 oferte de munc\u0103, iar pe Linkedin \u2014 8, cu toate acestea, angajatorii nu cer acest limbaj \u00een lista abilit\u0103\u021bilor cheie. Principala condi\u021bie este o experien\u021b\u0103 solid\u0103 \u00een Javascript \u0219i o abordare corect\u0103 \u00een rezolvarea problemelor. <\/p>\n

Num\u0103rul dezvoltatorilor familiariza\u021bi cu limbajul de programare este de 275, dar din nou, doar 11 persoane consider\u0103 Dart abilit\u0103\u021bi de baz\u0103. Pe Linkedin, 124 de persoane au men\u021bionat acest limbaj \u00een CV-urile lor.<\/p>\n

Experien\u021ba personal\u0103 \u0219i statisticile agen\u021biei mele afirm\u0103 c\u0103 acest limbaj este deja folosit de mari companii IT. Acest lucru indic\u0103 faptul c\u0103 \u00een cur\u00e2nd va fi eliminat din lista limbajelor rare de programare. De altfel, speciali\u0219tii care cunosc limbajul Dart sunt foarte aprecia\u021bi pe pia\u021b\u0103. <\/p>\n

F#<\/h3>\n

\nEste un limbaj de programare destul de rar. A fost dezvoltat de Microsoft. \u00cen Rusia, doar c\u00e2teva companii (12 pe HH \u0219i 7 pe Linkedin) caut\u0103 programatori F#. \u00cen celelalte cazuri, cuno\u0219tin\u021bele acestui limbaj sunt op\u021bionale. De asemenea, num\u0103rul dezvoltatorilor care st\u0103p\u00e2nesc F# cre\u0219te treptat. Limbajul a ap\u0103rut chiar \u0219i \u00een recentul clasament. Stackoverflow<\/a><\/noindex>Se afl\u0103 pe locul nou\u0103 \u00een lista celor mai popuari limbaje de programare printre dezvoltatori, iar ca nivel de salariu s-a clasat pe primul loc (74 000$ pe an). <\/p>\n

\u00cen ceea ce prive\u0219te num\u0103rul de CV-uri publicate, pe Headhunter se num\u0103r\u0103 253, \u00eens\u0103 foarte pu\u021bini speciali\u0219ti consider\u0103 F# ca limbaj principal. Doar trei persoane au men\u021bionat cuno\u0219tin\u021bele de F# \u00een denumirea CV-ului. Pe Linkedin, situa\u021bia este similar\u0103: 272 de dezvoltatori au men\u021bionat F# \u00een portofoliile lor, dintre care doar pentru \u0219ase F# a fost specificat \u00een func\u021bie. <\/p>\n

Statisticile sunt urm\u0103toarele:<\/h2>\n

\nNum\u0103rul total de locuri de munc\u0103 este de 122 pe Headhunter \u0219i 72 pe Linkedin. Cel mai solicitat limbaj printre cele analizate este Erlang. Peste 50% dintre companii cer cuno\u0219tin\u021be de Erlang. Cel mai pu\u021bin solicitat limbaj a fost Haxe. Companiile caut\u0103 speciali\u0219ti cu cuno\u0219tin\u021be de Haxe \u00een propor\u021bii de 1% \u0219i 3% pe Headhunter \u0219i Linkedin, respectiv.
\n\"Cele
\n
\n\"Cele
\n
\nDin punct de vedere al num\u0103rului de CV-uri publicate, situa\u021bia este practic similar\u0103. Din cele 1644 de CV-uri publicate pe Headhunter, peste patruzeci la sut\u0103 (688) se refer\u0103 la Erlang, iar cele mai pu\u021bine CV-uri (7%) au fost publicate de speciali\u0219ti cu abilit\u0103\u021bi de dezvoltare Haxe. Datele ob\u021binute de pe Linkedin sunt u\u0219or diferite. Cei mai pu\u021bini CV-uri au fost publicate de cei care st\u0103p\u00e2nesc Dart. Din cele 1894 de portofolii, doar 124 se refer\u0103 la dezvoltarea Dart. <\/p>\n

\"Cele
\n
\n\"Cele
\n<\/p>\n

Opa, Fantom, Zimbu<\/h3>\n

\nAm decis s\u0103 unesc aceste trei limbaje \u00eentr-un singur punct dintr-un motiv simplu \u2014 sunt cu adev\u0103rat limbaje rare. Nu exist\u0103 locuri de munc\u0103 \u0219i practic nu exist\u0103 CV-uri. Poate fi num\u0103rat pe degete dezvoltatorii care au men\u021bionat oricare dintre aceste limbaje \u00een abilit\u0103\u021bile lor. <\/p>\n

Deoarece aceste limbaje nu sunt incluse \u00een raportul anual Stackoverflow \u0219i nu apar \u00een oferte de munc\u0103, voi scrie c\u00e2teva cuvinte despre ce sunt aceste limbaje. <\/p>\n

Opa<\/b> \u2014 un limbaj de programare web, care \u00eencearc\u0103 s\u0103 \u00eenlocuiasc\u0103 HTML, CSS, JavaScript, PHP \u00een acela\u0219i timp. A fost dezvoltat \u00een 2011. Opa este disponibil gratuit \u0219i, \u00een prezent, este disponibil doar pentru platformele Linux \u0219i Mac OS X pe 64 de bi\u021bi.<\/p>\n

Fantom<\/b> \u2014 un limbaj de programare de uz general, care se compileaz\u0103 \u00een Java Runtime Environment, JavaScript \u0219i .NET Common Language Runtime. A fost dezvoltat \u00een 2005.<\/p>\n

Zimbu<\/b> \u2014 un limbaj unic \u0219i specific, care poate fi utilizat pentru dezvoltarea aproape oric\u0103rui tip de aplica\u021bie: de la aplica\u021bii GUI la kernel-urile sistemului de operare. \u00cen prezent, este considerat un limbaj experimental, nu toate func\u021biile sale fiind dezvoltate. <\/p>\n

Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 limbajele de programare, am inclus \u0219i pozi\u021bia specialist \u00een securitate cibernetic\u0103.<\/b> Num\u0103rul de locuri de munc\u0103 \u00een compara\u021bie cu num\u0103rul de CV-uri nu este mare (aproximativ 20). Astfel, oferta dep\u0103\u0219e\u0219te cererea (ca \u0219i \u00een cazul Haxe), ceea ce este destul de atipic pentru domeniul IT. Salariile speciali\u0219tilor \u00een securitate informatic\u0103 sunt mici. De exemplu, \u00een Sankt-Petersburg, unui specialist cu experien\u021b\u0103 \u00een cyber security i se ofer\u0103 \u00eentre 80-100 de mii de ruble.<\/p>\n

Cercetarea mea mic\u0103 a ar\u0103tat c\u0103 limbajele \u201ede top\u201d pentru \u00eenv\u0103\u021bare sunt: Rust, Erlang, Dart \u2014 exist\u0103 cerere, salarii mari. Limbajele cu cerere redus\u0103 s-au dovedit a fi Haxe, Opa, Fantom, Zimbu. F# este popular \u00een str\u0103in\u0103tate, \u00eens\u0103 pia\u021ba IT din Rusia nu a adoptat \u00eenc\u0103 acest limbaj.
\n
Sursa: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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