{"id":35275,"date":"2019-10-31T22:03:22","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:03:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/internet-dlya-dachnika-chast-3-russkie-idut\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:03:22","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:03:22","slug":"internet-dlya-dachnika-chast-3-russkie-idut","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/internet-dlya-dachnika-chast-3-russkie-idut","title":{"rendered":"Internet pentru gr\u0103dinar. Partea 3. Ru\u0219ii vin","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Cu ceva timp \u00een urm\u0103, am scris un test comparativ al routerelor 4G pentru case de vacan\u021b\u0103<\/a><\/noindex>. Subiectul s-a dovedit a fi popular \u0219i am fost abordat de un produc\u0103tor rus de dispozitive pentru lucrul \u00een re\u021belele 2G\/3G\/4G. A fost cu at\u00e2t mai interesant s\u0103 testez un router rusesc \u0219i s\u0103-l compar cu c\u00e2\u0219tig\u0103torul din testul trecut \u2013 Zyxel 3316. Vreau s\u0103 spun din start c\u0103 m\u0103 str\u0103duiesc s\u0103 sus\u021bin produc\u0103torul autohton, mai ales dac\u0103 acesta nu ced\u0103 \u00een calitate \u0219i func\u021bionalitate fa\u021b\u0103 de concuren\u021bii str\u0103ini. Dar nu voi t\u0103cea despre neajunsuri nici de aceast\u0103 dat\u0103. \u00cen plus, voi \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219i experien\u021ba mea de a transforma o ma\u0219in\u0103 obi\u0219nuit\u0103 \u00eentr-un punct de acces mobil la Internet pentru un \u00eentreg camp sau o caban\u0103.<\/p>\n

\r\n \"Reda\u021bi\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center><\/a><\/noindex>
\n\u00centrebarea muncii la distan\u021b\u0103 sau pur \u0219i simplu a vie\u021bii de la \u021bar\u0103 este, \u00eentr-un fel sau altul, legat\u0103 de probleme tehnice: alimentare electric\u0103 de urgen\u021b\u0103 sau autonom\u0103, conexiune normal\u0103 la Internet. Ultimul aspect este deosebit de important, av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere c\u0103 mul\u021bi dintre prietenii \u0219i cuno\u0219tin\u021bele mele aleg s\u0103 lucreze la vile pe timpul verii, iar al\u021bii s-au mutat s\u0103 locuiasc\u0103 \u00een case private. \u00cens\u0103, doar casele care se afl\u0103 \u00een limitele ora\u0219ului sunt dotate cu Internet normal. Totu\u0219i, \u0219i acestea sunt adesea conectate doar prin fibr\u0103 optic\u0103, cost\u00e2nd \u00eentre 15.000 \u0219i 40.000 de ruble. A\u0219a c\u0103 nu r\u0103m\u00e2ne altceva dec\u00e2t s\u0103 te bazezi pe Internet mobil, c\u0103ut\u00e2nd cel mai rapid \u0219i ieftin furnizor dintre cei disponibil pe pia\u021b\u0103. Dar nu despre alegerea furnizorului voi vorbi, ci despre alegerea routerului. \u00cen testul precedent, routerul Zyxel LTE3316-M604<\/a><\/noindex>, a c\u00e2\u0219tigat onorabil, demonstr\u00e2nd cea mai mare vitez\u0103 \u00een condi\u021bii egale: timp, furnizor, anten\u0103 extern\u0103. <\/p>\n

De data aceasta, voi compara c\u00e2\u0219tig\u0103torul anterior cu routerul Tandem-4GR<\/a><\/noindex> \u0219i modulul TANDEM-4G+<\/a><\/noindex> produc\u021bie Microdrive. Ini\u021bial, am avut \u00een minte doar s\u0103 completez materialul anterior, dar completarea a ie\u0219it at\u00e2t de masiv\u0103 \u00eenc\u00e2t am decis s\u0103 public un articol separat.<\/p>\n

\"Internet
\n
\nRouterele Tandem sunt pl\u0103ci produse \u00een Rusia, dar cu o baz\u0103 de componente str\u0103ine. Ce altceva ar fi de a\u0219teptat av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere distrugerea produc\u021biei interne de elemente radio? Totu\u0219i, s-a folosit cu adev\u0103rat o abordare serioas\u0103. E suficient s\u0103 arunc\u0103m o privire asupra carcasei metalice dure \u0219i solide \u2013 aceasta este mai degrab\u0103 o solu\u021bie industrial\u0103 dec\u00e2t un router din plastic, care se g\u0103se\u0219te \u00een multe case la intrare. Este cu at\u00e2t mai interesant, deoarece condi\u021biile de utilizare vor fi dure: am decis s\u0103-l testez nu doar ca router de acas\u0103 \u00een pod, l\u00e2ng\u0103 anten\u0103, unde iarna temperatura poate ajunge la -35, iar vara p\u00e2n\u0103 la 50 de grade, ci \u0219i \u00een ma\u0219in\u0103, ca punct de acces mobil. Problema este c\u0103 laptopul m\u0103 \u00eenso\u021be\u0219te de aproximativ 10 ani \u0219i este imposibil de prezis unde m\u0103 va prinde munca.<\/p>\n

Schematica este simpl\u0103 \u0219i de \u00eencredere. Produc\u0103torul declar\u0103 c\u0103 dispozitivele au fost testate \u00eentr-o camer\u0103 climatic\u0103 la temperaturi de la -40 la +60. Pentru pornirea rece de iarn\u0103 exist\u0103 c\u00e2teva elemente termice care \u00eenc\u0103lzesc placa \u00eenainte de pornire \u2013 o declara\u021bie bun\u0103 pentru a func\u021biona \u00een condi\u021bii dure. Routerul \u0219i modemul arat\u0103 astfel.<\/p>\n

\"Internet
\n
\nCare este deosebirea? Modemul TANDEM-4G+ func\u021bioneaz\u0103 prin USB \u0219i este destinat s\u0103 \u00eenlocuiasc\u0103 vechile \u201estick-uri\u201d USB care lucreaz\u0103 \u00een sisteme gata f\u0103cute. Avantajul s\u0103u const\u0103 \u00een faptul c\u0103 asigur\u0103 o fixare sigur\u0103 a ansamblurilor de cabluri, spre deosebire de pig-tail-uri, care se fixeaz\u0103 foarte slab la modemuri. \u00cen plus, acesta nu se supra\u00eenc\u0103lze\u0219te sub o sarcin\u0103 mare, a\u0219a cum se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 cu modemurile obi\u0219nuite. De asemenea, suport\u0103 tehnologia de receptori disocia\u021bi MIMO, ceea ce ar trebui s\u0103 adauge vitez\u0103.<\/p>\n

Routerul Tandem-4GR este un dispozitiv independent cu port Ethernet \u0219i modul Wi-Fi, \u00een care este suficient s\u0103 introduci un card SIM pentru a \u00eencepe s\u0103 func\u021bioneze. Acesta ruleaz\u0103 un sistem de operare pe baza Linux, ceea ce le permite utilizatorilor s\u0103 configureze parametrii \u0219i s\u0103 personalizeze toate func\u021biile specifice acestui sistem *nix. \u00cen plus, routerul suport\u0103 alimentarea \u00eentr-un interval larg de tensiuni: de la 9 la 36V. Aceast\u0103 alimentare poate fi asigurat\u0103 prin PoE, conect\u00e2nd un adaptor de alimentare extern de 12 sau 24V, dar \u0219i prin conectarea routerului la re\u021beaua electric\u0103 a vehiculului. De aceea, se sus\u021bine un astfel de interval larg de tensiuni: \u00een timpul pornirii motorului, tensiunea scade la 9-10V, iar \u00een timpul func\u021bion\u0103rii generatorului, tensiunea din re\u021beaua electric\u0103 cre\u0219te la 14-15V. Nu mai vorbim de camioane, ale c\u0103ror re\u021bele electrice sunt concepute pentru 24V. A\u0219adar, este un router industrial destul de robust, capabil s\u0103 func\u021bioneze practic de la orice tip de alimentare \u00een intervalul specificat.<\/p>\n

Sunt interesat de router, deoarece sistemul informa\u021bional local acas\u0103 este deja stabilit \u0219i am nevoie doar de acces la Internet. Totul se reduce la instalarea cardului SIM \u0219i conectarea cablului: toate set\u0103rile furnizorilor ru\u0219i au fost deja introduse \u00een baz\u0103, iar, dac\u0103 este necesar, pot modifica singur configura\u021bia de conectare. De asemenea, pot alege sau fixa tipul de re\u021bea cu care trebuie s\u0103 lucrez. Am f\u0103cut acest lucru av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere c\u0103 pentru mine este prioritar\u0103 munca \u00een re\u021bele LTE. \u0218i de aici \u00eencepe distrac\u021bia \u2013 s\u0103 test\u0103m!<\/p>\n

\"Internet
\n
\nteste Zyxel LTE3316 vs Tandem-4GR<\/b><\/p>\n

Metodologia de testare de la marele test comparativ de routere nu s-a schimbat: toate m\u0103sur\u0103torile se efectueaz\u0103 cu un singur card SIM, \u00een timpul zilei \u00een zilele lucr\u0103toare, pentru a minimiza influen\u021ba \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103rii pe sta\u021bia de baz\u0103. Pentru test se utilizeaz\u0103 o anten\u0103 PRISMA 3G\/4G MIMO<\/a><\/noindex> din a acestui review<\/a><\/noindex>, care este montat\u0103 \u0219i orientat\u0103 direct c\u0103tre sta\u021bia de baz\u0103 a operatorului. Fiecare test a fost realizat de trei ori, iar rezultatul final a fost ob\u021binut prin medierea rezultatelor ob\u021binute. Dar aceasta nu a fost tot. Am decis s\u0103 compar c\u00e2t de mult influen\u021beaz\u0103 tehnologia MIMO asupra caracteristicilor de vitez\u0103 \u0219i utilizarea unor astfel de antene, a\u0219a c\u0103 am deconectat unul dintre cablurile de la router \u0219i am repetat testele.<\/p>\n

\"Internet
\n
\n\"Internet
\n
\nRezultatele test\u0103rii au fost pl\u0103cut surprinz\u0103toare. Routerul rus s-a dovedit a fi la fel de bun ca omologul s\u0103u str\u0103in \u0219i a demonstrat rezultate similare, av\u00e2nd o \u00eent\u00e2rziere de 2% \u00een viteza de recep\u021bie atunci c\u00e2nd folosea MIMO \u0219i de 8% atunci c\u00e2nd lucra cu o singur\u0103 anten\u0103. \u00cen schimb, la trimiterea de date, routerul Tandem-4GR l-a dep\u0103\u0219it pe Zyxel LTE3316 cu 6%, iar c\u00e2nd a func\u021bionat f\u0103r\u0103 suport MIMO, a r\u0103mas \u00een urm\u0103 cu 4%. Av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere erorile de m\u0103surare, datele sistemelor pot fi echivalente. Dar am promis c\u0103 voi vorbi despre dezavantaje, a\u0219a c\u0103 hai s\u0103 trecem la ele. <\/p>\n

Dac\u0103 Zyxel LTE3316 este un router gata preg\u0103tit, la care te po\u021bi conecta \u0219i lucra, Tandem-4GR va necesita pu\u021bin aten\u021bie \u00eenainte de a \u00eencepe utilizarea. \u00cencepem cu faptul c\u0103 Zyxel are 4 porturi Ethernet \u0219i posibilitatea de a efectua apeluri prin SIM-ul instalat, folosind un telefon analogic. \u00cen plus, Zyxel LTE3316 suport\u0103 standardul CAT6, care permite agregarea canalelor pentru cre\u0219terea vitezei, \u00een timp ce Tandem-4GR sus\u021bine standardul CAT4 f\u0103r\u0103 agregare. Aceast\u0103 func\u021bie func\u021bioneaz\u0103 doar dac\u0103 baza de sta\u021bie suport\u0103 agregarea. \u00cen cazul meu, baza de sta\u021bie a lucrat \u00een modul CAT4. De asemenea, Tandem-4GR se poate l\u0103uda cu un singur port Ethernet. Deci, pentru a conecta mai multe computere, va fi necesar un switch. \u00cen plus, Tandem-4GR nu are antene integrate pentru comunicarea cu operatorii de telefonie mobil\u0103. Dar exist\u0103 \u0219i avantaje semnificative: routerul poate fi amplasat pe podul casei, \u00eentr-o cutie metalic\u0103 a unui rack dintr-un centru comercial, montat \u00een ma\u0219in\u0103 \u0219i poate fi alimentat at\u00e2t prin PoE, c\u00e2t \u0219i de la o baterie auto apropiat\u0103. \u00cen plus, routerul poate lucra cu cereri USSD, ceea ce va permite utilizarea SIM-ului f\u0103r\u0103 a avea nevoie s\u0103-l sco\u021bi din router. Astfel, se ajunge la o egalitate. Prin urmare, testele continu\u0103. Acum a venit momentul s\u0103 instalez routerul \u00een ma\u0219in\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 continui experimentul.<\/p>\n

Router \u00een ma\u0219in\u0103. Ce ar putea fi mai simplu?<\/b><\/p>\n

A\u0219adar, ideea de a echipa un vehicul cu acces la Internet a existat de mult timp. La \u00eenceput, Internetul era distribuit prin smartphone, apoi mi-am achizi\u021bionat un router mobil cu baterie. Dar \u0219i acesta necesit\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103rcare, iar bricheta poate fi ocupat\u0103 cu un smartphone care se \u00eencarc\u0103 sau altceva. De asemenea, mi-a\u0219 dori s\u0103 distribui Internetul nu doar celor din ma\u0219in\u0103, ci \u0219i la caban\u0103 sau \u00een camping. \u00cen plus, voiam s\u0103 scap de necesitatea de a c\u0103ra cu mine un fel de \u201evaliz\u0103 pentru comunica\u021bii\u201d, adic\u0103 acolo unde este ma\u0219ina, acolo ar trebui s\u0103 fie \u0219i conexiunea. Aici a fost util routerul Tandem-4GR testat mai sus: compact, cu adaptor Wi-Fi \u00eencorporat, cu posibilitatea de alimentare \u00eentr-un interval larg de tensiuni. Mai departe va fi un manual pentru montarea routerului \u00een ma\u0219in\u0103, iar la final, teste \u0219i compara\u021bie cu smartphone-ul.<\/p>\n

Instruc\u021biuni pentru instalarea routerului Tandem-4GR \u00een auto Kia Sportage<\/b><\/p>\n

L-am instalat \u00een tunelul dintre scaunele din fa\u021b\u0103 \u0219i acolo am conectat toate cablurile, inclusiv antena extern\u0103 3G\/4G. <\/p>\n

\"Internet
\n
\n\u00cen plus, am luat de la un element neutilizat din blocul de siguran\u021be. Fire\u0219te, am conectat totul printr-o siguran\u021b\u0103. Pentru a m\u0103 conecta la blocul de siguran\u021be, am luat un conector \u0219i am \u00eentrerupt circuitul, \u00eenchiz\u00e2nd bornele la bateria de acumulatori. Apoi, am lipit un bloc de siguran\u021b\u0103 extern la una dintre borne.<\/p>\n

\"Internet
\n
\n\"Internet
\n
\nApoi, am scos pe panou un buton cu iluminare, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t routerul s\u0103 nu descarce bateria de acumulatori 24\/7, ci s\u0103 fie activat printr-un buton extern. Butonul \u00een sine este echipat cu o lamp\u0103, pentru care este nevoie de alimentare. Am dus firul negativ la masa cea mai apropiat\u0103.<\/p>\n

\"Internet
\n
\nApoi am montat pe acoperi\u0219 o anten\u0103 magnetic\u0103 GSM\/3G\/4G Magnita-1<\/a><\/noindex>. Aceasta este o anten\u0103 circular\u0103 cu un c\u00e2\u0219tig de 3\/6 dB \u0219i func\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een intervalul de frecven\u021be 700-2700 MHz, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t routerul va putea func\u021biona pe toate frecven\u021bele re\u021belelor mobile. La ce este nevoie tot aceasta?<\/p>\n

\u00cen primul r\u00e2nd, nivelul semnalului cu antena extern\u0103 este mult mai ridicat dec\u00e2t \u00een cazul recep\u021biei cu antena telefonului. \u00cen al doilea r\u00e2nd, carcasa metalic\u0103 a ma\u0219inii diminueaz\u0103 semnificativ semnalul, iar acest lucru devine tot mai evident cu c\u00e2t te afli mai departe de turnul operatorului de telefonie mobil\u0103. \u00cen al treilea r\u00e2nd, capacitatea bateriei auto este de multe ori mai mare dec\u00e2t capacitatea bateriei telefonului. \u00cen plus, aceasta se \u00eencarc\u0103 \u00een timpul conducerii.<\/p>\n

A\u0219adar, voi trece direct la teste. Am g\u0103sit un loc unde nivelul semnalului LTE era minim pe telefon. Am ie\u0219it din ma\u0219in\u0103, deoarece \u00een ma\u0219in\u0103 testul Speedtest nu s-a \u00eenc\u0103rcat deloc \u0219i am efectuat m\u0103sur\u0103torile.<\/p>\n

\"Internet
\n
\nApoi am pornit routerul \u0219i m-am conectat prin Wi-Fi cu aceea\u0219i telefon. Au fost folosite cartela SIM de la acela\u0219i operator. Mai \u00eent\u00e2i am efectuat un test cu o anten\u0103 extern\u0103. Speedtest a ar\u0103tat deja rezultate acceptabile pentru navigarea pe internet.<\/p>\n

\"Internet
\n
\n\u00cen cele din urm\u0103, am conectat a doua anten\u0103 extern\u0103 la router pentru a verifica dac\u0103 tehnologia MIMO are vreo influen\u021b\u0103 asupra semnalului at\u00e2t de slab. Spre surprinderea mea, viteza de primire a crescut cu peste o dat\u0103 \u0219i jum\u0103tate. De\u0219i viteza de transmisie a r\u0103mas aceea\u0219i. Acest lucru se datoreaz\u0103 specificului tehnologiei MIMO, care este orientat\u0103 s\u0103 \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021beasc\u0103 caracteristicile semnalului de intrare.<\/p>\n

\"Internet
\n
\nConcluzie<\/b><\/p>\n

A sosit momentul s\u0103 tragem concluziile. Routerul Tandem-4GR \u0219i modemul TANDEM-4G+ au un modul radio sensibil, care permite ob\u021binerea unei viteze bune chiar \u0219i \u00een condi\u021bii de semnal slab \u2013 acest lucru este un fapt. Routerul Tandem-4GR poate concura \u00een performan\u021b\u0103 cu c\u00e2\u0219tig\u0103torul testelor anterioare, Zyxel 3316, iar modemul TANDEM-4G+ poate \u00eenlocui orice modem USB existent \u00een infrastructura cu anten\u0103 \u0219i routerul obi\u0219nuit. Diferen\u021ba de pre\u021b \u00eentre Tandem-4GR \u0219i Zyxel 3316 este de aproximativ 500 de ruble \u00een favoarea primului, suficient pentru a cump\u0103ra un switch gigabit. Dar dispozitivul Tandem-4GR nu are antene integrate, iar Zyxel 3316 nu poate fi alimentat simplu din re\u021beaua auto \u0219i ocup\u0103, de asemenea, mult mai mult spa\u021biu.
\n\u00cen concluzie, pot recunoa\u0219te c\u0103 seria Tandem este performant\u0103 \u0219i merit\u0103 s\u0103 fie folosit\u0103 at\u00e2t ca surs\u0103 de internet pentru o cas\u0103 de vacan\u021b\u0103, c\u00e2t \u0219i ca router pentru puncte specializate sau obiecte mobile.
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Sursa: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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