{"id":35410,"date":"2019-10-31T22:04:10","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:04:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/cloudflare-predstavil-raspredelyonnyj-generator-sluchajnyh-chisel\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:04:10","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:04:10","slug":"cloudflare-predstavil-raspredelyonnyj-generator-sluchajnyh-chisel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/cloudflare-predstavil-raspredelyonnyj-generator-sluchajnyh-chisel","title":{"rendered":"Cloudflare a prezentat un generator distribuit de numere aleatoare","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Compania Cloudflare <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cloudflare.com\/league-of-entropy\/\">a prezentat<\/a><\/noindex> serviciul <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cloudflare.com\/leagueofentropy\/\">Liga Entropiei<\/a><\/noindex>, pentru a asigura func\u021bionarea c\u0103reia a fost format un consor\u021biu din mai multe organiza\u021bii interesate \u00een furnizarea de numere aleatoare de calitate. Spre deosebire de sistemele centralizate existente, Liga Entropiei nu se bazeaz\u0103 pe o singur\u0103 surs\u0103 \u0219i folose\u0219te entropia pentru a genera o secven\u021b\u0103 aleatorie, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cloudflare.com\/inside-the-entropy\/\">ob\u021binut\u0103<\/a><\/noindex> de la mai mul\u021bi generatoare nesus\u021binute \u00eentre ele, controlate de diferi\u021bi participan\u021bi la proiect. Datorit\u0103 caracterului distribuit al proiectului, compromiterea sau falsificarea uneia sau dou\u0103 dintre surse nu va duce la compromiterea num\u0103rului aleatoriu final. <\/p>\n<p>Trebuie men\u021bionat c\u0103 numerele aleatoare generate sunt de tipul secven\u021belor publice, care nu pot fi folosite pentru generarea cheilor de criptare \u0219i \u00een domeniile \u00een care num\u0103rul aleatoriu trebuie s\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 secret. Serviciul este destinat furniz\u0103rii de numere aleatoare, care nu pot fi prezise \u00een avans, dar dup\u0103 generare, aceste numere devin publice, inclusiv pentru verificarea validit\u0103\u021bii valorilor aleatoare anterioare. <\/p>\n<p>Numerele aleatoare publice sunt generate la fiecare 60 de secunde. Fiecare num\u0103r este legat de num\u0103rul s\u0103u de secven\u021b\u0103 (round), pe baza c\u0103ruia, \u00een orice moment \u0219i de pe orice server participant, se poate ob\u021bine valoarea generat\u0103 c\u00e2ndva. Astfel de numere aleatoare pot fi folosite \u00een sisteme distribuite, criptovalute \u0219i blockchain-uri, unde diferite noduri trebuie s\u0103 aib\u0103 acces la un generator comun de numere aleatoare (de exemplu, pentru formarea dovezii de lucru efectuat), precum \u0219i \u00een desf\u0103\u0219urarea diferitelor loterii \u0219i pentru generarea de mostre aleatoare \u00een procesul de audit al alegerilor.<\/p>\n<p>Pentru a lucra cu serviciul \u0219i pentru a desf\u0103\u0219ura noduri proprii <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/developers.cloudflare.com\/randomness-beacon\/about\/\">sub licen\u021ba MIT. Instrumentul utilizeaz\u0103 metode de \u00eenv\u0103\u021bare automat\u0103, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu analiza static\u0103 \u0219i dinamic\u0103 a codului JavaScript. Se afirm\u0103 c\u0103 utilizarea \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103rii automate a permis \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea semnificativ\u0103 a preciziei \u00een identificarea codului pentru identificarea ascuns\u0103 \u0219i a identificat cu 26% mai multe scripturi problematice<\/a><\/noindex> un instrumentar <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/dedis\/drand\">Drand<\/a><\/noindex>, scris \u00een limbajul Go \u0219i furnizat sub licen\u021ba MIT. Drand ruleaz\u0103 sub form\u0103 de proces de fundal, care se conecteaz\u0103 la generatoare externe participante \u00een re\u021beaua distribuit\u0103 \u0219i formeaz\u0103 \u00een mod colectiv o valoare aleatoare sintetic\u0103. Valoarea sintetic\u0103 este generat\u0103 folosind metodele <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Threshold_cryptosystem\">criptografiei prin prag<\/a><\/noindex> \u0219i <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pairing-based_cryptography\">asocierea biliniar\u0103<\/a><\/noindex>. Generarea unei valori aleatoare sintetice poate fi efectuat\u0103 pe sistemul utilizatorului f\u0103r\u0103 implicarea agregatorilor centraliza\u021bi.<\/p>\n<p>Drand poate fi de asemenea utilizat pentru a livra clien\u021bilor numere aleatorii private generate local. Pentru transmiterea unui num\u0103r aleatoriu, se aplic\u0103 un sistem de criptare ECIES, \u00een cadrul c\u0103ruia clientul genereaz\u0103 o cheie privat\u0103 \u0219i una public\u0103. Cheia public\u0103 este transmis\u0103 serverului Drand. Num\u0103rul aleator este criptat folosind aceast\u0103 cheie public\u0103 \u0219i poate fi vizualizat doar de clientul care de\u021bine cheia privat\u0103. Pentru accesarea serverelor, se poate folosi utilitarul 'drand' (de exemplu, 'drand get public group.toml', unde group.toml este lista de noduri pentru interogare) sau Web API (de exemplu, se poate utiliza 'curl https:\/\/drand.cloudflare.com\/api\/public' sau se poate accesa din JavaScript cu ajutorul bibliotecii) <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/PizzaWhisperer\/drandjs\">DrandJS<\/a><\/noindex>). Metadatele cererii sunt trimise \u00een format TOML, iar r\u0103spunsul este furnizat \u00een JSON.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen prezent, cinci companii \u0219i organiza\u021bii s-au al\u0103turat ini\u021biativei League of Entropy, care au pus la dispozi\u021bie acces la generatoarele lor de entropie. Participan\u021bii inclu\u0219i \u00een proiect se afl\u0103 \u00een diferite \u021b\u0103ri \u0219i folosesc metode diferite pentru ob\u021binerea entropiei:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Cloudflare, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cloudflare.com\/lavarand-in-production-the-nitty-gritty-technical-details\/\">LavaRand<\/a><\/noindex>, valori aleatorii <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cloudflare.com\/lavarand-in-production-the-nitty-gritty-technical-details\/\">sunt formate<\/a><\/noindex> pe baza fluxurilor de lichid imprevizibile din <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0\">l\u0103mpile cu lava<\/a><\/noindex>, imaginile acestora fiind utilizate ca entropie de intrare pentru CSPRNG (Generator de Numere Pseudo-Random Criptografic);\n<li class=\"l\"> EPFL (\u0218coala Politehnic\u0103 Federal\u0103 din Lausanne), URand,<br \/>\nfolose\u0219te generatorul local standard \/dev\/urandom, care utilizeaz\u0103 ca surse de entropie input-ul de la tastatur\u0103, mi\u0219carea mouse-ului, fluxurile de trafic etc.<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Universitatea Chile, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/random.uchile.cl\/en\/\">UChile<\/a><\/noindex>, folose\u0219te o re\u021bea de senzori seismici ca surs\u0103 de entropie, precum \u0219i date din eter, activitate pe Twitter, modific\u0103ri \u00een blockchain-ul Ethereum \u0219i un generator de numere aleatorii hardware realizat manual;\n<li class=\"l\"> Kudelski Security, ChaChaRand, ofer\u0103 CRNG (Generator de Numere Aleatorii Criptografic) bazat pe utilizarea cifrului ChaCha20;\n<li class=\"l\"> Protocol Labs, InterplanetaryRand, extrage date aleatorii din captatori de zgomot \u0219i le combin\u0103 cu Linux PRNG \u0219i generatorul de numere pseudo-aleatorii integrat \u00een CPU.\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00cen prezent, 8 puncte de acces public API au fost lansate de participan\u021bi independen\u021bi, prin intermediul c\u0103rora se poate ob\u021bine at\u00e2t num\u0103rul aleatoriu global curent (de exemplu, 'curl https:\/\/drand.cloudflare.com\/api\/public'), c\u00e2t \u0219i se poate determina valoarea unui anumit moment din trecut ('curl https:\/\/drand.cloudflare.com\/api\/public?round=1234'):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\">    https:\/\/drand.cloudflare.com:443\n<li class=\"l\">    https:\/\/random.uchile.cl:8080\n<li class=\"l\">    https:\/\/drand.cothority.net:7003\n<li class=\"l\">    https:\/\/drand.kudelskisecurity.com:443\n<li class=\"l\">    https:\/\/drand.lbarman.ch:443\n<li class=\"l\">    https:\/\/drand.nikkolasg.xyz:8888\n<li class=\"l\">    https:\/\/drand.protocol.ai:8080\n<li class=\"l\">    https:\/\/drand.zerobyte.io:8888\n<\/ul>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Sursa: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=50892\">opennet.ro<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Cloudflare \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441 League of Entropy, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0446\u0438\u0443\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439, \u0437\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043b. \u0412 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c League of Entropy \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u044d\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0438\u044e, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u043c\u0443\u044e \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-35410","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Cloudflare \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/cloudflare-predstavil-raspredelyonnyj-generator-sluchajnyh-chisel\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO 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