{"id":35609,"date":"2019-10-31T22:05:19","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:05:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/seti-kabelnogo-televideniya-dlya-samyh-malenkih-chast-10-poisk-i-ustranenie-neispravnostej-na-seti-ktv\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:05:19","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:05:19","slug":"seti-kabelnogo-televideniya-dlya-samyh-malenkih-chast-10-poisk-i-ustranenie-neispravnostej-na-seti-ktv","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/seti-kabelnogo-televideniya-dlya-samyh-malenkih-chast-10-poisk-i-ustranenie-neispravnostej-na-seti-ktv","title":{"rendered":"Re\u021belele de televiziune prin cablu pentru cei mici. Partea 10: Diagnosticarea \u0219i repararea re\u021belei de CTV","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Re\u021belele de televiziune prin cablu pentru cei mici. Partea 10: Diagnosticarea \u0219i repararea re\u021belei de CTV\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/d2ca072078d1d2c6bf120118f98a27cf.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nArticolul final, cel mai plictisitor ghid. Poate c\u0103 nu are sens s\u0103-l cite\u0219ti pentru o dezvoltare general\u0103, dar atunci c\u00e2nd asta se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103, te va ajuta foarte mult.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">Con\u021binutul seriei de articole<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/449322\/\">Partea 1: Arhitectura general\u0103 a re\u021belei CATV<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/449902\/\">Partea 2: Compozi\u021bia \u0219i forma semnalului<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/450256\/\">Partea 3: Componenta analogic\u0103 a semnalului<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/450258\/\">Partea 4: Componenta digital\u0103 a semnalului<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/450278\/\">Partea 5: Re\u021beaua de distribu\u021bie coaxial\u0103<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/450452\/\">Partea 6: Amplificatoarele de semnal RF<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/454542\/\">Partea 7: Recep\u021bionerele optice<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/455355\/\">Partea 8: Re\u021beaua optic\u0103 magistral\u0103<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/455858\/\">Partea 9: Sta\u021bia de cap<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/456574\/\">Partea 10: Diagnosticul \u0219i repararea re\u021belei CATV<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h1>Teritoriu abonat<\/h1>\n<p>\nA\u0219adar, bunica ta nu mai poate vedea televizorul. I-ai cump\u0103rat unul nou, dar se pare c\u0103 problema nu este la receptor - deci ar trebui s\u0103 te ui\u021bi la cablu. \u00cen primul r\u00e2nd, adesea conectorii de tip \u201e\u015furub\u201d care nu necesit\u0103 crimpare se \u00eempletesc miraculos singuri cu cablul, ceea ce duce la pierderea contactului cu ecranul sau chiar cu firul central. Chiar dac\u0103 conectorul a fost recent re-crimpat, merit\u0103 s\u0103 verifici c\u0103 niciun fir din ecran nu este conectat cu conductorul central. Apropo, diametrul firului central este de obicei vizibil mai gros dec\u00e2t gaura din conectorul receptorului - acest lucru este necesar pentru un contact bun datorit\u0103 deschiderii petalelor din conector. Cu toate acestea, dac\u0103 ai \u00eenlocuit conectorul cu unul care nu iese \u201ea\u0219a cum este\u201d, ci trece \u00een acul (a\u0219a cum am ar\u0103tat \u00een [513989]) sau ai schimbat o parte a cablului \u0219i firul nou s-a dovedit a fi mai sub\u021bire, atunci te po\u021bi confrunta cu faptul c\u0103 petalele uzate din conector nu ofer\u0103 un contact bun cu firul central. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/450278\/\">5 p\u0103r\u021bi<\/a><\/noindex> conectori pentru RG-11), sau ai schimbat o parte a cablului \u0219i firul nou s-a dovedit a fi mai sub\u021bire, atunci te po\u021bi confrunta cu faptul c\u0103 petalele uzate din conector nu ofer\u0103 un contact bun cu firul central.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Re\u021belele de televiziune prin cablu pentru cei mici. Partea 10: Diagnosticarea \u0219i repararea re\u021belei de CTV\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/2acb909847e7b3b6ef183e5ee7513c65.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nC\u00e2nd m\u0103sori cu aparatul, totul se poate observa u\u0219or din forma \u00eenclin\u0103rii spectrului semnalului, despre care am scris \u00een [513991]. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/449902\/\">2 p\u0103r\u021bi<\/a><\/noindex>. Astfel, putem controla imediat nivelul semnalului (aminte\u0219te-\u021bi, conform standardului, acesta trebuie s\u0103 fie de cel pu\u021bin 50 dB\u03bcV pentru semnalul digital \u0219i 60 pentru cel analogic) \u0219i s\u0103 evalu\u0103m atenu\u0103rile \u00een zona frecven\u021belor joase \u0219i \u00een cele superioare, ceea ce ne va oferi indicii pentru c\u0103utarea ulterioar\u0103 a problemei.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Re\u021belele de televiziune prin cablu pentru cei mici. Partea 10: Diagnosticarea \u0219i repararea re\u021belei de CTV\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/65e7696d72cbe6ef7185f7b813fdb02c.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nReamintesc: atenuarea frecven\u021belor joase este de obicei legat\u0103 de problemele de la firul central, iar degradarea sever\u0103 a frecven\u021belor \u00eenalte indic\u0103 un contact slab cu ecranul, ceea ce este, \u00een general, legat de crimpare (sau de o stare proast\u0103 general\u0103 a cablului, inclusiv lungimea excesiv\u0103).<\/p>\n<p>Dup\u0103 examinarea cablului cu conectorul de la televizor, este important s\u0103-l urm\u0103rim pe tot parcursul apartamentului: deoarece cablul coaxial nu este doar un conductor electric, ci \u0219i un ondulator, este esen\u021bial nu doar s\u0103 ne \u00eengrijor\u0103m de \u00eentreruperi \u0219i alte daune mecanice, ci \u0219i de \u00eendoiri \u0219i coturi. De asemenea, trebuie s\u0103 g\u0103sim toate divisorii de semnal \u0219i s\u0103 calcul\u0103m atenuarea total\u0103: s-ar putea s\u0103 descoperim c\u0103 anterior totul func\u021biona la limit\u0103 \u0219i o degradare nesemnificativ\u0103 a cablului a dus la o nefunc\u021bionalitate complet\u0103. \u00cen acest caz, pentru a evita refacerea cablului ascuns sub finisaj, putem alege mai inteligent valorile divisorilor sau s\u0103 instal\u0103m un mic amplificator la intrarea \u00een apartament.<\/p>\n<p>Dac\u0103 nu se observ\u0103 nimic dintre acestea \u0219i cablul este \u00een regul\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la tabloul de distribu\u021bie, este necesar s\u0103 m\u0103sur\u0103m nivelul semnalului care intr\u0103 \u00een apartament. \u00cen cazul \u00een care nivelul \u0219i forma semnalului pe ramura divisorului pentru abonat sunt normale, trebuie s\u0103 evalu\u0103m diferen\u021ba \u00eentre valorile de la televizor \u0219i cele de la tablou \u0219i s\u0103 ne g\u00e2ndim unde \u0219i ce am omis. Dac\u0103 vedem c\u0103 atenuarea p\u00e2n\u0103 la televizor este \u00eentr-o limit\u0103 rezonabil\u0103, dar observ\u0103m probleme cu semnalul pe ramur\u0103, trebuie s\u0103 continu\u0103m investigarea.<\/p>\n<h1>St\u00e2lp<\/h1>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Re\u021belele de televiziune prin cablu pentru cei mici. Partea 10: Diagnosticarea \u0219i repararea re\u021belei de CTV\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/e46f8b5f8072a40020d0dbd91d5c300d.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nObserv\u00e2nd o problem\u0103 pe ramura abonatului, trebuie s\u0103 ne asigur\u0103m c\u0103 nu este de vin\u0103 divisorul. Se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 uneori ca unul dintre ramuri s\u0103 degradeze semnificativ parametrii semnalului, \u00een special \u00een cazul divisorilor pentru un num\u0103r mare de abona\u021bi (mai mult de 4). Pentru a verifica, trebuie s\u0103 m\u0103sur\u0103m nivelul semnalului pe o alt\u0103 ramur\u0103 (preferabil, c\u00e2t mai departe de cea problematic\u0103) precum \u0219i pe cablul principal de intrare. Aici din nou va fi util s\u0103 \u00een\u021belegem ce form\u0103 \u0219i nivel ar trebui s\u0103 aib\u0103 semnalul. Valoarea atenu\u0103rii indicate pe divisor \u00een marcaj (de exemplu, 412 - 4 ramuri la -12dB) trebuie sc\u0103zut\u0103 din ceea ce s-a m\u0103surat pe magistral\u0103. \u00cen ideal, ar trebui s\u0103 ob\u021binem valoarea care a fost m\u0103surat\u0103 pe ramura abonatului. Dac\u0103 aceasta difer\u0103 cu mai mult de c\u00e2\u021biva dB, atunci este mai bine s\u0103 \u00eenlocuim acel divisor.<\/p>\n<p>Dac\u0103 observ\u0103m c\u0103 semnalul ajunge deja pe magistral\u0103 cu o panta accentuat\u0103 sau cu un nivel sc\u0103zut, va trebui fie s\u0103 consult\u0103m proiectul coloanei, fie, folosind logica, s\u0103 estim\u0103m dou\u0103 lucruri: dac\u0103 coloana este construit\u0103 deasupra sau dedesubt \u0219i c\u00e2t de departe ne afl\u0103m de cea mai apropiat\u0103 ramifica\u021bie. Primul lucru poate fi \u00een\u021beles din direc\u021bia din care vine cablul conectat la intrarea distribuitorului \u0219i \u00eencotro se duce cel de la ie\u0219ire. \u00cen general, nu este greu de urm\u0103rit cablurile magistrale direct \u00een tablou; dac\u0103 nu sunt vizibile, putem merge la etajul superior (sau inferior) s\u0103 vedem ce fel de distribuitor este acolo. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/450278\/\">a cincea parte<\/a><\/noindex> probabil v\u0103 aminti\u021bi c\u0103 pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce ne \u00eendep\u0103rt\u0103m de \u00eenceput, nominalul ar trebui s\u0103 scad\u0103. Acolo am scris despre \u00eemp\u0103r\u021birea coloanei \u00een segmente (noi le numim \u00abpilastri\u00bb, nu sunt sigur c\u0103 este un termen standard). De obicei, un pilastru se extinde pe 5-6 etaje, iar la \u00eenceputul s\u0103u se afl\u0103 distribuitori cu nominale de 20-24 dB, iar la cap\u0103t \u2013 8-10. C\u00e2nd avem certitudinea c\u0103 problema se afl\u0103 dincolo de etaj, este important s\u0103 g\u0103sim \u00eenceputul pilastrului \u0219i s\u0103 facem m\u0103sur\u0103tori cu distribuitorul magistral din care acesta \u00eencepe. Aici problemele sunt acelea\u0219i: at\u00e2t distribuitorul, c\u00e2t \u0219i cablul defectat sau crimpul de proast\u0103 calitate pot influen\u021ba semnalul. Se poate \u00eent\u00e2mpla chiar ca, dup\u0103 mi\u0219carea conectorilor, semnalul s\u0103 revin\u0103 (dar mai des dispare complet). \u00cen acest caz, trebuie s\u0103 re-facem crimp\u0103rile la toate, \u0219i ar fi minunat dac\u0103 instalatorii, anticip\u00e2nd acest lucru, au l\u0103sat un surplus de cablu. C\u0103ci, la re-crimpare, acesta trebuie scurtat. Problema crimp\u0103rii gre\u0219ite este foarte frecvent\u0103 cu cablul RG-11: fie din neaten\u021bie la standardul de dezizolare, l\u0103s\u00e2nd un conductor central prea lung (deci conectorul nu se a\u0219eaz\u0103 bine \u0219i cablul poate ie\u0219i), fie din aceea\u0219i cauz\u0103, dar din cauza unui segment A prea mare (vezi ilustra\u021bia de mai jos).<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Re\u021belele de televiziune prin cablu pentru cei mici. Partea 10: Diagnosticarea \u0219i repararea re\u021belei de CTV\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/36f34a2f4c8ee7a4c6e011365ca34f4e.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nSe cuvine s\u0103 men\u021bion\u0103m c\u0103 chiar \u0219i o dezizolare corect\u0103 nu va proteja \u00eempotriva erorii, dac\u0103 cel care face crimpul nu a a\u0219ezat complet conectorul \u0219i conductorul central nu intr\u0103 \u00een \u00abac\u00bb conectorului. \u00cen acest caz, acul va avea mobilitate, dac\u0103 \u00eel mi\u0219ti cu degetul. C\u00e2nd conductorul a intrat bine \u2014 nu-l po\u021bi mi\u0219ca. Aceasta trebuie verificat\u0103 la fiecare conector detasabil.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen casele cu distribuitoare mai vechi de 10 ani, poate ap\u0103rea fenomenul cunoscut printre colec\u021bionarii de modele la scar\u0103 drept \u201eciuma de zinc\u201d.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Re\u021belele de televiziune prin cablu pentru cei mici. Partea 10: Diagnosticarea \u0219i repararea re\u021belei de CTV\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/04815ea2df9846c9aaf81a28bdbbd877.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Fotografie de pe site <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/a-time.ru\/forum\/?PAGE_NAME=read&amp;FID=16&amp;TID=266&amp;PAGEN_1=12\">a-time.ru<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n<p>Corpurile distribuitoare, fabricate din aliaje neidentificate \u0219i aflate \u00een condi\u021bii climatice nefavorabile, se pot descompune pur \u0219i simplu \u00een m\u00e2ini la \u00eencercarea de a de\u0219uruba conectorul sau chiar doar la mi\u0219carea cablurilor \u00een tabloul electric. De obicei, acest lucru se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd \u00een tablou lucreaz\u0103 montatori, \u00eentinz\u00e2nd internetul cuiva sau al\u021bi tehnicieni de interfon.<\/p>\n<p>Dac\u0103 distribuitorul de la care \u00eencepe piatra nu s-a rupt \u00een dou\u0103 \u0219i semnalul de pe el este la fel de slab ca \u00een apartament, atunci este necesar s\u0103 g\u0103sim acel distribuitor de la care se face prima ramifica\u021bie \u0219i s\u0103 m\u0103sur\u0103m semnalul care vine de la echipamentul activ din subsol (sau mansard\u0103 \u2014 cum a fost construit). A\u0219adar, dac\u0103 am parcurs verticala \u0219i nu am rezolvat problema, va trebui s\u0103 c\u0103ut\u0103m echipamentul activ \u0219i s\u0103 efectu\u0103m m\u0103sur\u0103tori deja pe acesta.<\/p>\n<h1>Echipament activ<\/h1>\n<p>\n\u00cen primul r\u00e2nd, merit\u0103 s\u0103 subliniem c\u0103 \u00eentre receptorii optici \u0219i amplificatoare exist\u0103 de asemenea o re\u021bea de distribu\u021bie, construit\u0103 dup\u0103 acelea\u0219i principii ca \u0219i coloanele verticale, astfel av\u00e2nd acelea\u0219i tipuri de probleme. De aceea, tot ceea ce s-a men\u021bionat mai sus trebuie verificat \u0219i aici, iar abia apoi s\u0103 ne \u00eendoim de func\u021bionalitatea echipamentului.<\/p>\n<p>A\u0219adar, ne afl\u0103m \u00een subsol (mansard\u0103, GRS), \u00een fa\u021ba unei cutii cu amplificatoare<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Re\u021belele de televiziune prin cablu pentru cei mici. Partea 10: Diagnosticarea \u0219i repararea re\u021belei de CTV\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/d3b32e7e60d724633e61bd530ba680c1.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u0218i se poate \u00eent\u00e2mpla\u2026<\/p>\n<p>Dac\u0103 nu exist\u0103 semnal deloc \u00een vertical\u0103 \u0219i exist\u0103 suspiciunea c\u0103 amplificatorul este mort, cel mai u\u0219or este s\u0103 determin\u0103m care anume este prin temperatura acestuia la atingere. Chiar \u0219i \u00een geruri aspre, \u00een \u00eenc\u0103peri ne\u00eenc\u0103lzite, un amplificator func\u021bional va fi mai cald dec\u00e2t mediul \u00eenconjur\u0103tor, iar de la unul ars va veni un aer rece. Dac\u0103 diferen\u021ba de temperatur\u0103 nu este suficient de evident\u0103, deschiderea va ar\u0103ta cu siguran\u021b\u0103 c\u0103 indicatorul de alimentare al amplificatorului nu lumineaz\u0103. Un astfel de amplificator se \u00eenlocuie\u0219te cu unul care func\u021bioneaz\u0103, iar ulterior se repar\u0103 cu ajutorul unei sta\u021bii de sudur\u0103 obi\u0219nuite, deoarece aproape toate defec\u021biunile sunt legate de condensatori banali umfla\u021bi. La \u00eenlocuirea amplificatoarelor cu alimentare la distan\u021b\u0103, este necesar s\u0103 se deconecteze \u00eentreaga re\u021bea pentru a evita scurtcircuitele. De\u0219i tensiunea nu este foarte mare (60 V), curentul acelui alimentator pe care vi l-am ar\u0103tat \u00een <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/450452\/\">partea a \u0219asea<\/a><\/noindex> poate genera mult: la atingerea conductorului central, un spectacol de artificii impresionant este asigurat. \u0218i, dac\u0103 astfel de amplificatoare nu supravie\u021buiesc \u00eentotdeauna bine \u00eentreruperilor de curent \u00een cas\u0103, atunci cu aceste efecte speciale exist\u0103 o probabilitate considerabil\u0103 de a defecta \u0219i alte dispozitive, pe care va trebui s\u0103 le cau\u021bi prin toat\u0103 casa.<\/p>\n<p>Dar exist\u0103 \u0219i situa\u021bii \u00een care amplificatorul este func\u021bional, dar totu\u0219i produce mult zgomot \u00een re\u021bea sau pur \u0219i simplu nu reu\u0219e\u0219te s\u0103 ating\u0103 nivelul de semnal specificat \u00een proiect (de obicei 110 dB\u03bcV). \u00cen acest caz, este important s\u0103 ne asigur\u0103m, la \u00eenceput, c\u0103 semnalul nu ajunge deja deteriorat, efectu\u00e2nd o m\u0103sur\u0103toare a semnalului de intrare. Printre problemele tipice irecuperabile ale amplificatoarelor se num\u0103r\u0103 urm\u0103toarele:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Sc\u0103derea coeficientului de amplificare. Din cauza degrad\u0103rii unei p\u0103r\u021bi sau a \u00eentregului stadiu de amplificare, la ie\u0219ire avem acela\u0219i nivel de semnal ca \u0219i la intrare (sau mai mult, dar insuficient pentru func\u021bionarea normal\u0103).<\/li>\n<li>Zgomotul semnalului. Func\u021bionarea amplificatorului distorsioneaz\u0103 semnalul at\u00e2t de mult \u00eenc\u00e2t parametrul C\u00e2mp\/\u0417gomot (C\/N) dep\u0103\u0219e\u0219te norma \u0219i interfereaz\u0103 cu recunoa\u0219terea semnalului de c\u0103tre receptoare. <\/li>\n<li>Dezintegrarea componentei digitale a semnalului. Se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 ca amplificatorul s\u0103 permit\u0103 trecerea semnalului analogic \u00een mod satisf\u0103c\u0103tor, dar nu reu\u0219e\u0219te deloc s\u0103 gestioneze \u00abdigitalul\u00bb. Cel mai des, parametrii MER \u0219i BER, descri\u0219i \u00een <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/450258\/\">partea 4<\/a><\/noindex> dep\u0103\u0219esc limitele acceptabile, iar constela\u021bia se transform\u0103 \u00eentr-o compozi\u021bie haotic\u0103, dar uneori se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 lucruri amuzante, c\u00e2nd, de exemplu, amplificatorul uit\u0103 unul dintre parametrii de modulare \u0219i, \u00een loc de constela\u021bie, deseneaz\u0103 pe ecran un inel sau un cerc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nAt the appearance of these faults, the amplifier needs to be replaced, but there are issues that can be fixed with adjustments. Usually, the output signal from the amplifier decreases, and it is often enough to reduce the input attenuator's value. Sometimes, on the contrary, the amplifier starts to noise due to an increased input level, in which case we will lower it with an attenuator. All adjustments should be made on one problematic amplifier, since if we, for instance, lower the signal coming from the optical receiver, it will affect the other functioning amplifiers, and they will also have to be manually readjusted to the changed parameters. Over-amplification can also lead to signal distortion (with insignificant noise on the analog side). I have described the amplifier settings in <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/450452\/\">partea a \u0219asea<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>One can try to correct it with settings and tilt. Often, during the commissioning of a newly built network, a large initial tilt is not required to ensure good parameters at the ends of the trunk. However, over time, due to cable degradation, it may be necessary to increase the tilt, which, as we remember, increases by lowering the levels of lower frequencies, which will need to be compensated by an attenuator.<\/p>\n<p>Optical receivers often fail simply due to power issues. If there is a sufficient signal level at the input (what level \u2014 I mentioned in <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/454542\/\">part 7<\/a><\/noindex>), then there are usually no problems at the output. Occasionally, the same issue occurs \u2014 increased noise and insufficient output level, but due to the scarcity of settings, this usually cannot be treated. The diagnostics are the same \u2014 we check if it's warm or not, after which we measure the signal at the output.<\/p>\n<p>I will specifically mention test ports: they should not be trusted blindly. The thing is, even if everything is functioning properly, a signal lowered by 20-30 dB may not have the problems that exist at the 'real' output. But it often happens that issues in the line occur after the test tap, and then seemingly everything is fine \u2014 but in reality, it\u2019s terrible. Therefore, for complete confidence, it is always worth checking exactly the output that is connected to the trunk.<\/p>\n<h1>Optical trunk<\/h1>\n<p>\nA lot can be said about problems and their search in optics, and it's great that this has already been done before me: <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/227647\/\">Sudura fibrelor optice. Partea 4: m\u0103sur\u0103tori pe optic, captarea \u0219i analiza reflec\u021biilor<\/a><\/noindex>. Voi spune pe scurt c\u0103, dac\u0103 la receptorul optic vedem o sc\u0103dere a semnalului \u0219i aceasta nu este legat\u0103 de ceva de genul:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Re\u021belele de televiziune prin cablu pentru cei mici. Partea 10: Diagnosticarea \u0219i repararea re\u021belei de CTV\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/03c2c7a03122f86a6e9910f2ad8b59f2.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>La noi \u00een Sankt Petersburg, cormoranii \u2014 \u0219ti\u021bi bine. \u0218i sub p\u0103m\u00e2nt pot s\u0103 scoat\u0103 fibra.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>atunci cur\u0103\u021barea sau \u00eenlocuirea cablului de patch final poate ajuta. Uneori, receptorul foto se degradeaz\u0103 sau amplificatorul optic, aici medicina este, desigur, neputincioas\u0103. Dar, \u00een general, f\u0103r\u0103 un impact extern d\u0103un\u0103tor, fibra este extrem de fiabil\u0103, iar problemele cu aceasta se reduc de obicei la un tractor care p\u0103\u0219uneaz\u0103 pe iarba din apropiere.<\/p>\n<h1>Sta\u021bia principal\u0103<\/h1>\n<p>\nPe l\u00e2ng\u0103 problemele evidente cu alimentarea cu energie \u0219i conectivitatea la surse prin re\u021bele IP, unul dintre cei mai importan\u021bi factori pentru func\u021bionarea sta\u021biei principale este vremea. V\u00e2ntul puternic poate rupe sau r\u0103suci antenele, iar z\u0103pada umed\u0103, care acoper\u0103 farfuria satelitar\u0103, reduce drastic calitatea recep\u021biei. Combaterea acestui fenomen este dificil\u0103, deoarece antenele sunt amplasate c\u00e2t mai sus, unde vremea este sever\u0103 \u0219i chiar \u00eenc\u0103lzirea anti-\u00eenghe\u021b a farfuriilor nu salveaz\u0103 \u00eentotdeauna, astfel c\u0103 uneori trebuie s\u0103 le cur\u0103\u021b\u0103m manual. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Re\u021belele de televiziune prin cablu pentru cei mici. Partea 10: Diagnosticarea \u0219i repararea re\u021belei de CTV\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/6f80f8c4bfb6615109b1e1a8fc6bab6e.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nP.S. Aici \u00eenchei excursul meu scurt \u00een lumea televiziunii prin cablu. Sper c\u0103 aceste articole au ajutat s\u0103 extind\u0103 orizonturile \u0219i s\u0103 descoperi\u021bi ceva nou \u00een familiar. Pentru cei care trebuie s\u0103 lucreze cu acest subiect, recomand pentru aprofundare cartea \u201eRe\u021bele de televiziune prin cablu\u201d, autor Volkov S.V., ISBN 5-93517-190-2. \u00cen ea este descris tot ce este necesar \u00eentr-un mod destul de accesibil.<br \/>\n<br \/>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/456574\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0417\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f, \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043a\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f-\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a. \u0427\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0451 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0442, \u043d\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u2014 \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0430\u043c \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442. \u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 1: \u041e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u041a\u0422\u0412 \u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 2: \u0421\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u0438 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 3: \u0410\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 4: \u0426\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 5: \u041a\u043e\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 6: \u0423\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 RF-\u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":26684,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-35609","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - 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