{"id":35707,"date":"2019-10-31T22:05:52","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:05:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/razmyshleniya-pro-natsionalnyj-standart-nb-fi-i-billingovye-sistemy\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:05:52","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:05:52","slug":"razmyshleniya-pro-natsionalnyj-standart-nb-fi-i-billingovye-sistemy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/razmyshleniya-pro-natsionalnyj-standart-nb-fi-i-billingovye-sistemy","title":{"rendered":"Reflec\u021bii despre standardul na\u021bional NB-Fi \u0219i sistemele de facturare","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<h3>Scurt despre principal<\/h3>\n<p>\n\u00cen 2017, pe Habr a ap\u0103rut un articol \u201e<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/news\/t\/405279\/\">Proiectul standardului na\u021bional NB-FI pentru Internetul Lucrurilor a fost trimis la Rosstandart<\/a><\/noindex>\u201d. \u00cen 2018, comitetul tehnic \u201eSisteme Ciberfizice\u201d <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gost.ru\/portal\/gost\/home\/presscenter\/news?portal:isSecure=true&amp;navigationalstate=JBPNS_rO0ABXczAAZhY3Rpb24AAAABAA5zaW5nbGVOZXdzVmlldwACaWQAAAABAAQ0OTk4AAdfX0VPRl9f&amp;portal:componentId=88beae40-0e16-414c-b176-d0ab5de82e16\">a lucrat la trei proiecte IoT<\/a><\/noindex>:<\/p>\n<p>GOST R \u201eTehnologii Informa\u021bionale. Internetul Lucrurilor. Termeni \u0219i defini\u021bii\u201d,<br \/>\nGOST R \u201eTehnologii Informa\u021bionale. Internetul Lucrurilor. Arhitectura de referin\u021b\u0103 a internetului lucrurilor \u0219i internetului industrial\u201d, GOST R \u201eTehnologii Informa\u021bionale. Internetul Lucrurilor. Protocol de schimb pentru internetul lucrurilor \u00een spectrul \u00eengust (NB-FI)\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen februarie 2019, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/nag.ru\/news\/newsline\/103284\/rosstandart-utverdil-pervyiy-v-rossii-standart-iot.html\">a fost aprobat<\/a><\/noindex> PNT-2019 \u201eTehnologii Informa\u021bionale. Internetul Lucrurilor. Protocol de transmisie wireless bazat pe modularea semnalului radio de band\u0103 \u00eengust\u0103 NB-Fi\u201d. \u00cencep\u00e2nd cu 1 aprilie 2019, acesta a intrat \u00een vigoare \u0219i se va \u00eencheia pe 1 aprilie 2022. \u00centr-o perioad\u0103 de trei ani, standardul preliminar trebuie testat \u00een practic\u0103, trebuie evaluat poten\u021bialul s\u0103u de pia\u021b\u0103 \u0219i trebuie preg\u0103tite modific\u0103ri la standard.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen mass-media, documentul este activ pozi\u021bionat ca \u201eprimul standard na\u021bional IoT din Federa\u021bia Rus\u0103, cu perspectiva de a deveni standard interna\u021bional\u201d \u0219i ca exemplu este men\u021bionat proiectul \u201eVAVIoT\u201d realizat pe NB-Fi <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rspectr.com\/articles\/486\/nb-fi-pervyj-otechestvennyj-standart-iot\">\u00een Kazahstan<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>Uh. C\u00e2te linkuri sunt \u00een acest text scurt. Iat\u0103 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/uc?id=1F7wLNisNZddHEnW7WBSoyIFXp2JBI29Z&amp;export=download\">linkul final al acestei sec\u021biuni<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 c\u0103tre textul standardului preliminar \u00een prima versiune pentru cei care nu au chef s\u0103 caute pe Google. Specifica\u021biile tehnice ale standardului ar trebui consultate \u00een acest document, \u00een articolul nostru nu le vom men\u021biona.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h3>Despre standardele de transmisie a datelor IoT<\/h3>\n<p>\nPe internet, po\u021bi \u00eent\u00e2lni aproximativ 300 de protocoale\/tehnologii de transmitere a datelor \u00eentre dispozitive, care pot fi \u00eencadrate \u00een IoT. Tr\u0103im \u00een Rusia, lucr\u0103m \u00een B2B, a\u0219a c\u0103 \u00een publica\u021bie vom atinge doar c\u00e2teva:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>NB-IoT<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nStandardul de comunica\u021bie mobil\u0103 pentru dispozitivele de telemetrie. Unul dintre cele trei care sunt implementate \u00een re\u021belele LTE Advanced \u2014 NB-IoT, eMTC \u0219i EC-GSM-IoT. Cei mari trei operatori de telefonie mobil\u0103 din Rusia au desf\u0103\u0219urat \u00een anii 2017-2018 zone de re\u021bea care func\u021bioneaz\u0103 cu NB-IoT. Operatorii nu uit\u0103 de eMTC \u0219i EC-GSM-IoT, dar nu le vom aborda separat deocamdat\u0103.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>LoRa<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nFunc\u021bioneaz\u0103 pe frecven\u021be neautorizate. Standardul este bine explicat \u00een articolul de la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul anului 2017 \u201eCe este LoRaWan\u201d pe Habr. Se bazeaz\u0103 pe cipuri Semtech.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u201eStrij\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nFunc\u021bioneaz\u0103 pe frecven\u021be neautorizate. Furnizor intern de solu\u021bii pentru utilit\u0103\u021bile publice \u0219i alte industrii. Folose\u0219te protocolul s\u0103u XNB. Se vorbe\u0219te despre produc\u021bia \u00een Rusia, dar promit s\u0103 asigure produc\u021bia \u00een mas\u0103 a cipurilor \u00een Rusia abia \u00een 2020, \u00een prezent depinz\u00e2nd de ON Semiconductor (ON Semiconductor AX8052F143).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>NB-Fi proasp\u0103t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nFunc\u021bioneaz\u0103 pe frecven\u021be neautorizate. Folose\u0219te acela\u0219i cip ON Semiconductor AX8052F143 ca \u0219i \"Strij\", specifica\u021biile tehnice sunt similare, de asemenea anun\u021buri de produc\u021bie a propriilor cipuri \u00een Rusia. \u00cen general, se observ\u0103 o interconexiune. Protocolul este deschis.<\/p>\n<h3>Despre integrarea cu sistemele de facturare<\/h3>\n<p>\nPentru cei care au \u00eencercat s\u0103-\u0219i construiasc\u0103 un \u201ecas\u0103 inteligent\u0103\u201d, devine rapid evident c\u0103 utilizarea senzorilor de la diferi\u021bi produc\u0103tori este semnificativ complicat\u0103. Chiar dac\u0103 pe dou\u0103 dispozitive vedem aceea\u0219i men\u021biune despre tehnologia de comunicare \u2014 se dovede\u0219te c\u0103 ele nu doresc s\u0103 comunice \u00eentre ele. <\/p>\n<p>\u00cen segmentul B2B, situa\u021bia este similar\u0103. Dezvoltatorii de protocoale \u0219i cipuri doresc s\u0103 c\u00e2\u0219tige bani. \u00cencep\u00e2nd un proiect cu LoRa, va fi necesar, \u00een orice caz, s\u0103 cump\u0103ra\u021bi echipamente cu cipuri Semtech. Acord\u00e2nd aten\u021bie unui produc\u0103tor intern, se poate ob\u021bine ca bonus achizi\u021bia de servicii \u0219i sta\u021bii de baz\u0103, iar \u00een viitor, la un succes \u00een\u021beles al produc\u021biei de cipuri \u00een Rusia, echipamentele sau baza de elemente vor putea fi cump\u0103rate doar de la un num\u0103r limitat de furnizori.<\/p>\n<p>Noi lucr\u0103m cu echipamente telecom \u0219i pentru noi este obi\u0219nuit s\u0103 primim date din telemetria echipamentului, s\u0103 agreg\u0103m, s\u0103 normaliz\u0103m \u0219i s\u0103 le transmitem mai departe \u00een diferite sisteme informa\u021bionale. Acest bloc de lucr\u0103ri este responsabilitatea noastr\u0103 Forward TI (Traffic Integrator). \u00cen varianta standard, arat\u0103 astfel:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Reflec\u021bii despre standardul na\u021bional NB-Fi \u0219i sistemele de facturare\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/ff8e899f6b02e9945a198969ef156046.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u00cen cazul extinderii necesit\u0103\u021bilor clientului pentru colectarea datelor, sunt conectate module suplimentare:<\/p>\n<p>Rata estimat\u0103 de cre\u0219tere a pie\u021bei dispozitivelor IoT este de 18-22% pe an la nivel mondial \u0219i de p\u00e2n\u0103 la 25% \u00een Rusia. \u00cen aprilie, la IoT Tech Spring 2019 de la Moscova, Andrei Kolesnikov, directorul Asocia\u021biei Internetului Lucrurilor, a men\u021bionat o cre\u0219tere anual\u0103 de 15-17%, \u00eens\u0103 informa\u021biile circul\u0103 diferit pe internet. La RIF \u00een aprilie 2019, pe slide-uri au fost prezentate date despre cre\u0219terea anual\u0103 a pie\u021bei ruse\u0219ti a Internetului Lucrurilor de 18% p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 2022, unde a fost men\u021bionat\u0103 \u0219i valoarea pie\u021bei ruse\u0219ti \u00een 2018 \u2013 3,67 miliarde de dolari. Ce este remarcabil, este c\u0103 pe acela\u0219i slide s-a men\u021bionat \u0219i motivul acestui articol: \u201eA fost aprobat primul document rusesc pentru standardizarea \u00een domeniul IoT\u2026\u201d. \u00cen opinia noastr\u0103, a ap\u0103rut deja o necesitate real\u0103 de a integra \u00een mod standard sta\u021biile de baz\u0103 UNB\/LPWAN \u0219i serverele de telecomunica\u021bii \u00een sistemele de facturare.<\/p>\n<h3>Reflec\u021bii<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<h4>Prima linie<\/h4>\n<p>\nProtocolul de transfer de date sau chiar implementarea func\u021biei de transport nu va avea o mare importan\u021b\u0103 (vorbim din nou despre faptul c\u0103 IoT nu este doar un fier de c\u0103lcat conectat la internet, ci o infrastructur\u0103 sau un ecosistem). Datele vor fi colectate de la dispozitive complet diferite, iar \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103tura util\u0103 va fi de asemenea variat\u0103. Este pu\u021bin probabil ca un furnizor de energie electric\u0103 s\u0103 construiasc\u0103 o re\u021bea unic\u0103 de colectare a datelor, furnizorul de gaz o a doua re\u021bea, serviciile de canalizare o a treia \u0219i a\u0219a mai departe. Acest lucru nu este ra\u021bional \u0219i pare improbabil. <\/p>\n<p>Asta \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103, \u00eentr-o loca\u021bie ipotetic\u0103, va fi organizat\u0103 o re\u021bea pe un singur principiu \u0219i d\u0103\u021bile vor fi colectate de o singur\u0103 organiza\u021bie. S\u0103 numim aceast\u0103 organiza\u021bie operator de agregare a datelor. <\/p>\n<p>Operatorul de agregare poate fi un serviciu care realizeaz\u0103 doar transferul de date sau un intermediar complet, care \u00ee\u0219i asum\u0103 toate complexit\u0103\u021bile legate de tarifare, organizarea pl\u0103\u021bilor pentru serviciile prestate, interac\u021biunea cu clien\u021bii finali \u0219i furnizorii de servicii. <\/p>\n<p>Am v\u0103zut de multe ori cum oamenii scot din cutia po\u0219tal\u0103 c\u00e2te 5 chitan\u021be lunar, o situa\u021bie cu care sunt familiarizat. O chitan\u021b\u0103 separat\u0103 pentru gaz, una pentru electricitate, una pentru repara\u021bii capitale, una pentru ap\u0103, una pentru \u00eentre\u021binerea casei. \u0218i asta f\u0103r\u0103 a lua \u00een considerare pl\u0103\u021bile lunare care exist\u0103 doar online \u2013 plata pentru accesul la internet, pentru telefonie mobil\u0103, abonamente pentru diferite servicii de furnizori de con\u021binut. \u00cen unele locuri po\u021bi seta plata automat\u0103, \u00een altele nu. Dar situa\u021bia general\u0103 este c\u0103 devine deja o tradi\u021bie \u2013 s\u0103 te a\u0219ezi o dat\u0103 pe lun\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 pl\u0103te\u0219ti toate facturile, un proces care poate dura \u00eentre 30 de minute \u0219i o or\u0103, iar dac\u0103 din nou ceva se stric\u0103 \u00een sistemele informa\u021bionale ale furnizorilor, trebuie s\u0103 am\u00e2ni o parte din pl\u0103\u021bi pentru o alt\u0103 zi. A\u0219 prefera s\u0103 interac\u021bionez cu un singur furnizor de servicii pentru toate chestiunile, \u00een loc s\u0103-mi \u00eempart aten\u021bia \u00eentre zeci de facturi \u0219i site-uri. B\u0103ncile moderne simplific\u0103 via\u021ba, dar nu complet.<\/p>\n<p>De aceea, colectarea automat\u0103 a datelor privind serviciile consumate \u0219i centralizarea pl\u0103\u021bilor pentru clientul final \u00eentr-o singur\u0103 \u201efereastr\u0103\u201d este un avantaj. Colectarea datelor men\u021bionat\u0103 mai sus prin intermediul integratorilor de trafic, precum Forward TI al nostru \u2013 este doar v\u00e2rful aisbergului. Integratorul de trafic reprezint\u0103 prima linie prin care vor fi colectate datele telemetrice \u0219i sarcina util\u0103 \u0219i, spre deosebire de furnizorii care sunt interesa\u021bi de volumul consumului de trafic \u00een sine, \u00een cazul IoT prioritatea va fi dat\u0103 sarcinii utile.<\/p>\n<p>S\u0103 lu\u0103m un exemplu apropiat nou\u0103 din telecomunica\u021bii pentru a \u00een\u021belege ce face prima linie. Exist\u0103 un operator care ofer\u0103 servicii de comunica\u021bie. Se realizeaz\u0103 un apel de 30 de minute. 15 minute ale apelului au avut loc \u00eentr-o zi, iar 15 \u00een alta. Centralizatorul telefonic la grani\u021ba zilelor a \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bit apelul \u0219i l-a \u00eenregistrat \u00een 2 CDR-uri, practic a transformat un apel \u00een dou\u0103. TI, pe baza unor indicii indirecte, va combina acest apel \u0219i va transmite \u00een sistemul de tarifare datele referitoare la un apel, de\u0219i datele venite de la echipamente se refer\u0103 la dou\u0103 apeluri. La nivelul colect\u0103rii datelor trebuie s\u0103 existe un sistem capabil s\u0103 rezolve astfel de coliziuni. Apoi, sistemul urm\u0103tor ar trebui s\u0103 primeasc\u0103 deja date normalizate.<\/p>\n<p>Informa\u021biile din integratorul de trafic nu sunt doar normalizate, ci \u0219i \u00eembog\u0103\u021bite. Un alt exemplu: datele de la centrala telefonic\u0103 nu vin pentru tarifarea zonal\u0103, dar \u0219tim din ce loca\u021bie a fost efectuat apelul, iar TI adaug\u0103 informa\u021bii despre zonele geografice de tarifare \u00een datele pe care le transmite c\u0103tre urm\u0103torul sistem informa\u021bional. \u00cen mod similar, pot fi incluse orice parametri calcula\u021bi. Acesta este un exemplu de zonare simpl\u0103 sau \u00eembog\u0103\u021bire a datelor.<\/p>\n<p>O alt\u0103 func\u021bie a integratorului de trafic este agregarea datelor. Exemplu: de la echipamente vin date \u00een fiecare minut, iar \u00een sistemul contabil, TI trimite date pentru o or\u0103. \u00cen sistemul contabil r\u0103m\u00e2n doar datele necesare pentru tarifare \u0219i emiterea facturilor, \u00een loc de 60 de \u00eenregistr\u0103ri, se face doar una. \u00cen acest timp, se efectueaz\u0103 o rezerv\u0103 a datelor \u201eneprelucrate\u201d \u00een caz de necesitate pentru procesare.<\/p>\n<h3>Linia a doua<\/h3>\n<p>\nVom continua s\u0103 dezvolt\u0103m ideea despre agregator, care a devenit un intermediar complet. Un astfel de operator va gestiona re\u021beaua de colectare a datelor \u0219i va separa telemetria de sarcina util\u0103. Telemetria va fi utilizat\u0103 pentru nevoile proprii, men\u021binerea s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii re\u021belei de colectare a datelor, iar sarcina util\u0103 va fi procesat\u0103, \u00eembog\u0103\u021bit\u0103, normalizat\u0103 \u0219i transmis\u0103 furnizorilor de servicii.<\/p>\n<p>Un moment de auto-reclam\u0103, pentru c\u0103 este mai u\u0219or s\u0103 ilustrezi cu propriul software dec\u00e2t s\u0103 inventezi exemple abstracte. <\/p>\n<p>Pe aceast\u0103 linie, agregatorul folose\u0219te \u00een inventarul s\u0103u:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Facturarea, care ia \u00een considerare veniturile generate din datele preg\u0103tite de TI, ata\u0219area acestora la consumatorii (abonamentele) \u00eenregistra\u021bi, corecta tarifare a acestor date conform planului tarifar utilizat, generarea facturilor \u0219i chitan\u021belor, primirea fondurilor de la abona\u021bi \u0219i alocarea acestora pe conturile \u0219i soldurile corespunz\u0103toare.<\/li>\n<li>PC (Catalog de Produse) pentru crearea de oferte complexe \u0219i gestionarea serviciilor incluse \u00een aceste pachete, stabilirea regulilor de conectare a serviciilor suplimentare.<\/li>\n<li>BMS (Manager de Echilibru), acest sistem trebuie s\u0103 fie cu mai multe echilibre, va necesita o gestionare flexibil\u0103 a deducerilor pentru diverse servicii, de asemenea, va permite utilizarea mai multor sisteme de facturare specializate care deservesc servicii separate \u0219i agregarea calculului ob\u021binut de la acestea \u00een raport cu balan\u021ba general\u0103 a abonatului.<\/li>\n<li>eShop pentru interac\u021biunea cu consumatorii finali, crearea unei vitrine publice pentru servicii, oferirea accesului \u00een Contul Personal cu toate facilit\u0103\u021bile moderne, cum ar fi statistici de utilizare a serviciilor, schimbarea serviciilor online, solicit\u0103ri pentru servicii noi.<\/li>\n<li>BPM (Procese de Afaceri) automatizarea proceselor de afaceri ale agregatorului, \u00eendreptate at\u00e2t spre servicii pentru abonati, c\u00e2t \u0219i spre interac\u021biunea cu furnizorii de servicii.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Linia a treia <\/h3>\n<p>\nAici \u00eencepe partea cea mai interesant\u0103 din punctul meu de vedere.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen primul r\u00e2nd, apare necesitatea unor sisteme de tip PRM (Sistem de Management al Partenerilor), care va permite gestionarea flexibil\u0103 a schemelor de agen\u021bi \u0219i parteneri. F\u0103r\u0103 un astfel de sistem, va fi dificil s\u0103 gestion\u0103m munca partenerilor \u0219i furnizorilor.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen al doilea r\u00e2nd, apare necesitatea unui DWH (Data Warehouse) pentru analiz\u0103. Aici este loc pentru extinderea Big Data pe datele de telemetrie \u0219i sarcinile utile, tot aici va fi creat un vitrin pentru instrumentele BI \u0219i analiza de diferite niveluri.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen al treilea r\u00e2nd, ca o cherry on top, se poate ad\u0103uga un sistem pentru prognozare de tip Forward Forecast. Acest sistem va permite antrenarea unui model matematic de baz\u0103 al sistemului, segmentarea bazei de abona\u021bi, generarea prognozelor de consum \u0219i comportament al abona\u021bilor.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cempreun\u0103, se contureaz\u0103 o arhitectur\u0103 informa\u021bional\u0103 destul de complex\u0103 pentru operatorul-agregator.<\/p>\n<p>De ce eviden\u021biem \u00een articol trei linii \u0219i nu le unim? Motivul este c\u0103 sistemului de afaceri de obicei \u00eei sunt importante mai multe parametrii agregate. Restul sunt necesare pentru monitorizare, \u00eentre\u021binere, analiz\u0103 a rapoartelor \u0219i prognozare. Informa\u021biile detaliate sunt necesare pentru securitate \u0219i Big Data, deoarece adesea nu \u0219tim ce parametrii \u0219i pe ce criterii intr\u0103 \u00een analiz\u0103 la Big Data, prin urmare, \u00een DWH sunt transmise toate datele \u00een forma lor ini\u021bial\u0103. <\/p>\n<p>\u00cen sistemele de afaceri cu func\u021bii de gestionare \u2013 facturare, PRM, nu mai este nevoie de unele parametrii care provine din echipamente, telemetrie. Prin urmare, filtr\u0103m c\u00e2mpurile inutile, le elimin\u0103m. Dac\u0103 este necesar, \u00eembog\u0103\u021bim datele conform unor reguli, le agreg\u0103m \u0219i, \u00een final, le normaliz\u0103m pentru a fi transmise \u00een sistemele de afaceri.<\/p>\n<p>Astfel, prima linie colecteaz\u0103 datele brute pentru a le adapta pentru a doua linie. A doua lucreaz\u0103 cu datele normalizate \u0219i asigur\u0103 activitatea operativ\u0103 a \u00eentreprinderii. A treia face posibil\u0103 extragerea punctelor de cre\u0219tere din datele brute.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Reflec\u021bii despre standardul na\u021bional NB-Fi \u0219i sistemele de facturare\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/db010afbd233cb094bef1fa654f3f52f.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3>Ce a\u0219tept\u0103m \u00een viitor \u0219i despre economia proiectelor IoT<\/h3>\n<p>\nMai \u00eent\u00e2i despre economie. Mai sus am scris despre volumul pie\u021bei. Se pare c\u0103 sume destul de mari sunt deja implicate. Dar am v\u0103zut cum economia proiectelor nu se potrive\u0219te, cele pe care am \u00eencercat s\u0103 le implement\u0103m cu ajutorul nostru sau pe care am fost invita\u021bi s\u0103 le evalu\u0103m. De exemplu, am calculat crearea unui MVNO pentru M2M folosind SIM-uri pentru colectarea telemetriei de la un anumit tip de echipamente. Proiectul nu a fost lansat, deoarece modelul economic s-a dovedit a fi nesustenabil. <\/p>\n<p>Organiza\u021biile mari de telecomunica\u021bii avanseaz\u0103 pe pia\u021ba IoT \u2013 au infrastructur\u0103, tehnologii gata disponibile. Num\u0103rul de noi abona\u021bi \u00een Rusia cre\u0219te destul de pu\u021bin. Dar pia\u021ba IoT ofer\u0103 oportunit\u0103\u021bi excelente pentru cre\u0219tere \u0219i extragerea de profit suplimentar din re\u021belele proprii. Deocamdat\u0103, se testeaz\u0103 un standard na\u021bional preliminar, iar \u00een timp ce micile companii entuziaste aleg diverse variante de implementare UNB\/LPWAN, marii juc\u0103tori de afaceri vor investi fonduri pentru a captura pia\u021ba. <\/p>\n<p>Consider\u0103m c\u0103, \u00een timp, un anumit standard\/protocol de transmisie a datelor va \u00eencepe s\u0103 domine, a\u0219a cum s-a \u00eent\u00e2mplat \u00een cazul telefoniei mobile. Dup\u0103 aceea, riscurile se vor diminua, echipamentele vor deveni mai accesibile. Dar pia\u021ba ar putea fi deja capturat\u0103 pe jum\u0103tate p\u00e2n\u0103 la acel moment.<\/p>\n<p>Oamenii obi\u0219nui\u021bi se obi\u0219nuiesc cu serviciul, le este convenabil c\u00e2nd dispozitivele automatizate \u021bin eviden\u021ba apei, gazului, electricit\u0103\u021bii, internetului, canaliz\u0103rii, c\u0103ldurii, asigur\u00e2nd func\u021bionarea sistemelor de alarm\u0103 de securitate \u0219i incendiu, a butonului de panic\u0103, a videobserv\u0103rii. Oamenii vor ajunge la utilizarea \u00een mas\u0103 a IoT \u00een sectorul serviciilor publice \u00een urm\u0103torii 2-5 ani. Vor mai trece c\u00e2\u021biva ani pentru a avea \u00eencredere robo\u021bilor \u00een frigider \u0219i fier, dar acest timp nu este \u00eendep\u0103rtat.<\/p>\n<h3>\u00cengrijor\u0103ri<\/h3>\n<p>\nDespre standardul na\u021bional preliminar NB-Fi s-a anun\u021bat cu mare tam-tam, ca un pretendent la recunoa\u0219tere interna\u021bional\u0103. Printre avantajele men\u021bionate se num\u0103r\u0103 costul redus al emi\u021b\u0103toarelor radio pentru dispozitive \u0219i posibilitatea fabric\u0103rii acestora \u00een Rusia. \u00cenc\u0103 din 2017, \u00een articolul men\u021bionat mai sus de pe Habr s-a anun\u021bat:<\/p>\n<p><i>St\u00e2nca de baz\u0103 a standardului NB-FI va costa \u00eentre 100-150 mii ruble, modulul radio pentru conectarea dispozitivelor la re\u021bea \u2014 aproximativ 800 ruble, iar costul controlerelor pentru colectarea \u0219i transmiterea informa\u021biilor de la contoare \u2014 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 200 ruble, costul bateriei \u2014 50-100 ruble.<\/p>\n<p>Dar p\u00e2n\u0103 acum acestea sunt doar planuri \u0219i, de fapt, o parte esen\u021bial\u0103 a bazei de elemente pentru dispozitive este produs\u0103 \u00een str\u0103in\u0103tate. \u00cen PNST sunt men\u021bionate \u00een mod explicit ON Semiconductor AX8052F143. <\/p>\n<p>Sper\u0103m c\u0103 protocolul NB-Fi va fi \u00eentr-adev\u0103r deschis \u0219i accesibil, f\u0103r\u0103 specula\u021bii pe seama substitu\u021biei importurilor \u0219i impunerii. Va deveni un produs competitiv. <\/i><\/p>\n<p>IoT este trendy. Dar trebuie s\u0103 ne amintim c\u0103, \u00een primul r\u00e2nd, \u201einternetul lucrurilor\u201d nu se refer\u0103 la itemizare \u0219i la ata\u0219area transmiterii de date \u00een cloud de la tot ce este posibil. \u201eInternetul lucrurilor\u201d se refer\u0103 la infrastructur\u0103 \u0219i optimizarea Machine-to-Machine. Colectarea wireless de date de la contoarele de electricitate nu este IoT \u00een sine. \u00cens\u0103 distribu\u021bia automatizat\u0103 a energiei electrice c\u0103tre consumatori din mai multe surse \u2014 de la furnizori publici sau priva\u021bi \u2014 pentru \u00eentreaga localitate se aseam\u0103n\u0103 deja cu conceptul original de internet al lucrurilor.<\/p>\n<p>Pe baza c\u0103rui standard a\u021bi construi re\u021beaua dvs. de colectare a datelor? Depune\u021bi vreo speran\u021b\u0103 \u00een NB-Fi, este rentabil s\u0103 investi\u021bi \u00een dezvoltarea sistemelor de facturare pentru colectarea datelor de la dispozitivele acestui standard? Poate a\u021bi participat la implementarea proiectelor IoT? \u00cemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219i\u021bi-v\u0103 experien\u021ba \u00een comentarii. <\/p>\n<p>\u0218i mult succes!<br \/>\n<br \/>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/457692\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043a\u043e \u043e \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0412 2017 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u201c\u0412 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430 NB-FI \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0439\u201d. \u0412 2018 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u201c\u041a\u0438\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b\u201d \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043b \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 IoT: \u0413\u041e\u0421\u0422 \u0420 \u00ab\u0418\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438. \u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0439. \u0422\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u00bb, \u0413\u041e\u0421\u0422 \u0420 \u00ab\u0418\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438. \u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0439. \u042d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0439\u00bb, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":26750,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-35707","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043a\u043e \u043e \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0412 2017 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u201c\u0412 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 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