{"id":35905,"date":"2019-10-31T22:07:29","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:07:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/kak-podgotovit-sajt-k-bolshim-nagruzkam-5-prakticheskih-sovetov-i-poleznye-instrumenty\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:07:29","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:07:29","slug":"kak-podgotovit-sajt-k-bolshim-nagruzkam-5-prakticheskih-sovetov-i-poleznye-instrumenty","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-podgotovit-sajt-k-bolshim-nagruzkam-5-prakticheskih-sovetov-i-poleznye-instrumenty","title":{"rendered":"Cum s\u0103 preg\u0103ti\u021bi un site pentru sarcini mari: 5 sfaturi practice \u0219i instrumente utile","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Cum<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Utilizatorii nu iubesc c\u00e2nd un resource online pe care \u00eel doresc \"\u00eent\u00e2rzie\". Datele sondajelor<\/a><\/noindex> arat\u0103 c\u0103 57% dintre utilizatori p\u0103r\u0103sesc o pagin\u0103 web dac\u0103 aceasta se \u00eencarc\u0103 mai mult de trei secunde, iar 47% sunt dispu\u0219i s\u0103 a\u0219tepte doar dou\u0103 secunde. O \u00eent\u00e2rziere de un second poate costa 7% din conversii \u0219i 16% din satisfac\u021bia utilizatorilor.<\/p>\n

De aceea, trebuie s\u0103 ne preg\u0103tim pentru cre\u0219terea \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103turii \u0219i v\u00e2rfurile de trafic. Ast\u0103zi vom discuta despre cum putem face acest lucru.<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Not\u0103<\/b>: materialul este destinat nu guru-urilor \u00een administrarea sistemelor, ci mai degrab\u0103 proprietarilor de site-uri de afaceri, prin urmare are un caracter mai mult informativ.<\/p>\n

1. Folosi\u021bi caching<\/h2>\n

\nCu c\u00e2t mai mult con\u021binut pe site poate fi cached, pentru a nu fi re\u00eenc\u0103rcat de fiecare dat\u0103 c\u00e2nd utilizatorul acceseaz\u0103 pagina \u2013 cu at\u00e2t mai bine. De obicei, o parte semnificativ\u0103 a con\u021binutului este static\u0103 \u0219i nu trebuie re\u00eenc\u0103rcat\u0103 constant. Caching-ul este deosebit de important \u00een timpul v\u00e2rfurilor de trafic \u0219i poate ajuta nu doar la accelerarea site-ului, ci \u0219i la economisire.<\/p>\n

Dac\u0103 ave\u021bi un site simplu, pe un WordPress condi\u021bionat, pluginurile de caching precum Cache Enabler<\/a><\/noindex> sau Cachify<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

2. Procesa\u021bi doar trafic util<\/h2>\n

\nDup\u0103 informa\u021biile<\/a><\/noindex> Studiile arat\u0103 c\u0103, \u00een internetul modern, aproape 40% din tot traficul generat provine de la bo\u021bi. Bo\u021bii pot fi buni \u2013 de exemplu, crawlerii motorului de c\u0103utare \u2013 sau r\u0103i. Printre cei din urm\u0103, se num\u0103r\u0103 diversele parser-uri care analizeaz\u0103 \u0219i extrag date. <\/p>\n

\u00cen segmentul internetului corporativ, situa\u021bia este \u0219i mai grav\u0103 \u2013 aici volumul de trafic generat de bo\u021bi r\u0103i poate dep\u0103\u0219i<\/a><\/noindex> 42%. Pentru companii, acest lucru este problematic din dou\u0103 motive. \u00cen primul r\u00e2nd, bo\u021bii r\u0103i pot fi utiliza\u021bi de concuren\u021bi pentru a fura con\u021binut sau pentru a colecta date importante pentru afacere; \u00een al doilea r\u00e2nd, traficul de bo\u021bi creeaz\u0103 o sarcin\u0103 suplimentar\u0103 serioas\u0103 asupra infrastructurii.<\/p>\n

Eliminarea problemei \u0219i reducerea \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103turii pe site sunt ajutate de sistemele de filtrare, dar pentru a func\u021biona corect, acestea trebuie calibrate individual pentru fiecare site. Pentru aceasta, traficul generat de bo\u021bi poate fi simulat. Un instrument excelent pentru simularea acestei sarcini este utilizarea serviciilor precum Infatica<\/a><\/noindex>, care permit \u00eenchirierea de proxy-uri reziden\u021biale.<\/p>\n

Multe dintre bo\u021bii moderni utilizeaz\u0103 IP-uri reziden\u021biale, a\u0219a c\u0103 pentru un test de calitate vor fi necesare un num\u0103r mare de astfel de adrese.<\/p>\n

3. Echilibra\u021bi \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103tura<\/h2>\n

\nExplora\u021bi op\u021biunile disponibile pentru instrumentele de echilibrare a \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103turii. Exist\u0103 trei tipuri de solu\u021bii: echipamente hardware, cloud \u0219i echilibratoare software. <\/p>\n

Cu o mare probabilitate, op\u021biunile hardware vor fi foarte costisitoare pentru micile companii sau startup-uri, a\u0219a c\u0103 ne vom concentra mai mult asupra celorlalte dou\u0103 op\u021biuni.<\/p>\n

Printre instrumentele populare din cloud se num\u0103r\u0103 Cloudflare<\/a><\/noindex> \u2013 acestea sunt utilizate frecvent de companii care se confrunt\u0103 cu probleme din cauza cre\u0219terii traficului. Din op\u021biunile software, putem men\u021biona Neutrino<\/a><\/noindex>, capacit\u0103\u021bi serioase de echilibrare a \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103turii sunt integrate \u00een serverul web Nginx<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

4. Optimiza\u021bi livrarea con\u021binutului<\/h2>\n

\n\u00cenc\u0103 un pas care va fi util \u00een momentele de activitate crescut\u0103 \u00een re\u021bea este utilizarea CDN sau re\u021belei de livrare a con\u021binutului. Practic, aceasta este o re\u021bea de servere din \u00eentreaga lume care poate fi folosit\u0103 pentru a livra con\u021binut utilizatorului pe cel mai optim traseu.<\/p>\n

De obicei, con\u021binutul site-ului se afl\u0103 pe un server principal \u00eentr-o singur\u0103 loca\u021bie, a\u0219a c\u0103, atunci c\u00e2nd solicit\u0103rile vin din diferite locuri, r\u0103spunsurile pot ajunge la utilizatori inegal \u2013 \u0219i acesta pare a fi un \u00eent\u00e2rziere. Cu c\u00e2t utilizatorul este mai departe de serverul cu site-ul, cu at\u00e2t mai mult timp va trebui s\u0103 a\u0219tepte un r\u0103spuns.<\/p>\n

CDN-ul cacheaz\u0103 fi\u0219ierele pe diferite servere \u0219i le \u201eextrage\u201d pentru a le livra utilizatorului de la cel mai apropiat server din re\u021bea. Acest lucru permite crearea unui traseu individual de livrare pentru fiecare utilizator \u0219i accelereaz\u0103 semnificativ func\u021bionarea \u00eentregului sistem. <\/p>\n

Dup\u0103 linkul<\/a><\/noindex> se poate g\u0103si o list\u0103 \u00eentreag\u0103 de CDN-uri care sunt potrivite pentru utilizarea cu site-uri web.<\/p>\n

5. Utiliza\u021bi compresia<\/h2>\n

\nCompresia fi\u0219ierelor este un alt instrument pentru accelerarea \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103rii site-ului. Multe dintre resursele cu o \u00eenc\u0103rcare mare includ compresia Gzip<\/a><\/noindex> pentru a reduce dimensiunea fi\u0219ierelor site-ului pentru \u00eenc\u0103rcare \u0219i trimitere.<\/p>\n

Gzip func\u021bioneaz\u0103 astfel \u2013 instrumentul caut\u0103 linii repetitive \u00eentr-un fi\u0219ier \u0219i \u00eenlocuie\u0219te a doua dintre ele cu un pointer c\u0103tre linia anterioar\u0103. C\u00e2nd browserul dezarhiveaz\u0103 fi\u0219ierul primit, acesta parcurge liniile din el, cite\u0219te pointerul \u0219i afi\u0219eaz\u0103 con\u021binutul \"eliminat\". Astfel, dimensiunea total\u0103 a fi\u0219ierelor poate fi redus\u0103 cu p\u00e2n\u0103 la 70%. Unii furnizori de g\u0103zduire includ compresia Gzip \u00een mod implicit, dar este mai bine s\u0103 verifica\u021bi manual aceast\u0103 setare.
\n
Sursa: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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