{"id":35923,"date":"2019-10-31T22:07:36","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:07:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/net-predela-sovershenstvu-kak-nejrointerfejsy-pomogayut-chelovechestvu\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:07:36","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:07:36","slug":"net-predela-sovershenstvu-kak-nejrointerfejsy-pomogayut-chelovechestvu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/net-predela-sovershenstvu-kak-nejrointerfejsy-pomogayut-chelovechestvu","title":{"rendered":"Nu exist\u0103 limite pentru perfec\u021biune: cum ne ajut\u0103 neurointerfe\u021bele pe oameni","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Nu exist\u0103 limite pentru perfec\u021biune: cum ne ajut\u0103 neurointerfe\u021bele pe oameni\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/aabb7bcd5bd50c1e5c8d9638c9d0f9a7.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nCu mai bine de 100 de ani \u00een urm\u0103, oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 s-au interesat de posibilit\u0103\u021bile creierului \u0219i au \u00eencercat s\u0103 \u00een\u021beleag\u0103 dac\u0103 poate fi cumva influen\u021bat. \u00cen 1875, doctorul englez Richard Caton a reu\u0219it s\u0103 \u00eenregistreze un c\u00e2mp electric slab la suprafa\u021ba creierului iepurilor \u0219i maimu\u021belor. Apoi au fost multe descoperiri \u0219i cercet\u0103ri, dar abia \u00een 1950 profesorul de fiziologie de la Universitatea Yale, Jos\u00e9 Manuel Rodr\u00edguez Delgado, a inventat dispozitivul \u201eStimosiver\u201d, care putea fi implantat \u00een creier \u0219i care era controlat prin semnale radio. <br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nAntrenamentele s-au desf\u0103\u0219urat pe maimu\u021be \u0219i pisici. Astfel, stimularea unei anumite zone a creierului printr-un electrod implantat determina pisica s\u0103 ridice laba din spate. Potrivit lui Delgado, animalul nu prezenta niciun semn de disconfort \u00een timpul acestor experimente.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Nu exist\u0103 limite pentru perfec\u021biune: cum ne ajut\u0103 neurointerfe\u021bele pe oameni\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/ed15335ad3b41c682c3f58bc3dd30256.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u0218i dup\u0103 13 ani, cercet\u0103torul a realizat <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/Rfh2tcJ8dY0\">celebrul experiment<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 a implantat stimosivere \u00een creierul unui taurus \u0219i l-a controlat printr-un transmi\u021b\u0103tor portabil.<\/p>\n<p>Astfel a \u00eenceput era neurointerfe\u021belor \u0219i a tehnologiilor capabile s\u0103 \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021beasc\u0103 capacit\u0103\u021bile biologice ale omului. \u00cen 1972, a fost lansat implantul cohlear, care transforma sunetul \u00eentr-un semnal electric, \u00eel transmitea creierului \u0219i permitea de facto persoanelor cu deficien\u021be auditive severe s\u0103 aud\u0103. Iar \u00een 1973, termenul \u201ebrain-computer interface\u201d \u2014 interfa\u021b\u0103 creier-computer \u2014 a fost folosit oficial pentru prima dat\u0103. \u00cen 1998, cercet\u0103torul Philippe Kennedy a implantat prima neurointerfa\u021b\u0103 \u00eentr-un pacient \u2014 muzicianul Johnny Ray. Dup\u0103 un accident vascular cerebral, Johnny a pierdut capacitatea de a se mi\u0219ca. Dar, datorit\u0103 implantului, a \u00eenv\u0103\u021bat s\u0103 mi\u0219te cursorul, doar imagin\u00e2nd mi\u0219carea bra\u021belor.<\/p>\n<p>Urm\u00e2nd exemplul cercet\u0103torilor, ideea cre\u0103rii unei neurointerfe\u021be a fost preluat\u0103 de mari corpora\u021bii de afaceri \u0219i startup-uri. Facebook \u0219i Elon Musk au anun\u021bat deja inten\u021bia de a dezvolta un sistem care s\u0103 ajute la controlul obiectelor prin puterea g\u00e2ndului. Unii \u00ee\u0219i pun speran\u021bele \u00een neurointerfe\u021be \u2014 tehnologia va permite persoanelor cu dizabilit\u0103\u021bi s\u0103-\u0219i recupereze func\u021biile pierdute, \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bind recuperarea persoanelor dup\u0103 un accident vascular cerebral sau un traumatism cranio-cerebral. Al\u021bii sunt sceptici \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu aceste dezvolt\u0103ri, consider\u00e2nd c\u0103 utilizarea lor este asociat\u0103 cu probleme legale \u0219i etice.<\/p>\n<p>Indiferent de opinie, pe pia\u021b\u0103 exist\u0103 un num\u0103r suficient de juc\u0103tori importan\u021bi. Dac\u0103 ne baz\u0103m pe <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/https:%5Cru.wikipedia.org%5Cwiki%5C%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2\">Wikipedia<\/a><\/noindex>, unele dezvolt\u0103ri au fost deja scoase din produc\u021bie, dar celelalte sunt destul de populare \u0219i disponibile.<\/p>\n<h2>Ce este un neurointerfa\u021b\u0103 \u0219i cum poate fi util?<\/h2>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Nu exist\u0103 limite pentru perfec\u021biune: cum ne ajut\u0103 neurointerfe\u021bele pe oameni\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/5f86905d7b197341587e3e74572c0838.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Tipuri de unde cerebrale<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Neurointerfa\u021ba este un sistem pentru schimbul de informa\u021bii \u00eentre creierul uman \u0219i un dispozitiv electronic. Este o tehnologie care permite omului s\u0103 interac\u021bioneze cu lumea exterioar\u0103 pe baza \u00eenregistr\u0103rii activit\u0103\u021bii electrice a creierului \u2014 electroencefalograma (EEG). Dorin\u021ba unei persoane de a efectua o ac\u021biune este reflectat\u0103 \u00een modific\u0103rile EEG, care sunt interpretate de un computer. <br \/>\nNeurointerfe\u021bele pot fi unidirec\u021bionale \u0219i bidirec\u021bionale. Primele accept\u0103 fie semnale de la creier, fie le transmit acestuia. Cele bidirec\u021bionale pot trimite \u0219i primi semnale simultan.<br \/>\nExist\u0103 mai multe metode de m\u0103surare a semnalelor cerebrale. Acestea sunt \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bite \u00een trei tipuri.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Neinvazive<\/b>. Dete\u0219toarele sunt plasate pe cap pentru a m\u0103sura poten\u021bialele electrice generate de creier (EEG) \u0219i c\u00e2mpul magnetic (MEG).<\/li>\n<li><b>Semi-invazive<\/b>. Electrozii sunt plasa\u021bi pe suprafa\u021ba deschis\u0103 a creierului.<\/li>\n<li><b>Invazive<\/b>. Microelectrozii sunt plasa\u021bi direct \u00een cortexul cerebral, m\u0103sur\u00e2nd activitatea unui neuron.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nCaracteristica cheie a neurointerfe\u021bei const\u0103 \u00een faptul c\u0103 permite conectarea direct\u0103 la creier. Ce poate oferi aceast\u0103 conexiune \u00een practic\u0103? Neurointerfe\u021bele, de exemplu, pot u\u0219ura sau schimba radical via\u021ba persoanelor paralizate. Unele persoane nu pot scrie, mi\u0219ca sau vorbi. Dar creierul lor func\u021bioneaz\u0103 pe deplin. Neurointerfa\u021ba le va permite acestor persoane s\u0103 realizeze anumite ac\u021biuni, citind inten\u021biile prin electrozi conecta\u021bi la creier.<\/p>\n<p>O alt\u0103 utilizare a neurointerfe\u021bei a fost conceput\u0103 de cercet\u0103torii americani, care au dezvoltat un cip-protez\u0103 capabil s\u0103 \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021beasc\u0103 memoria uman\u0103 cu 30%. Dispozitivul genereaz\u0103 impulsuri nervoase care ajut\u0103 pacientul s\u0103 formeze noi amintiri, s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i reaminteasc\u0103 fe\u021bele rudelor. Se a\u0219teapt\u0103 ca aceast\u0103 dezvoltare s\u0103 ajute la combaterea demen\u021bei senile, bolii Alzheimer \u0219i altor probleme de memorie.<\/p>\n<p>Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 s\u0103n\u0103tate, neurointerfe\u021bele pot fi utilizate pentru dezvoltarea personal\u0103, pentru munc\u0103 \u0219i divertisment, precum \u0219i pentru interac\u021biunea cu ceilal\u021bi. A\u0219adar, ce pot oferi tehnologiile neuronale \u00een aceste domenii?<\/p>\n<h3>Auto-perfec\u021bionare<\/h3>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Nu exist\u0103 limite pentru perfec\u021biune: cum ne ajut\u0103 neurointerfe\u021bele pe oameni\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/97b43ccb100e783ea8912b282b3f7d9b.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nCele mai populare domenii de aplicare a neurointerfe\u021belor \u0219i a diverselor aplica\u021bii sunt dezvoltarea anumitor abilit\u0103\u021bi umane. Acest lucru este dedicat diverselor cursuri, sistemelor de dezvoltare a abilit\u0103\u021bilor mentale, sistemelor de modificare a comportamentului, sistemelor de prevenire a stresului, ADHD, sistemelor de lucru cu st\u0103rile emo\u021bionale \u0219i psihologice etc. Acest tip de activitate are chiar un termen propriu, \u00abBrain fitness\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>Care este esen\u021ba ideii? Ca urmare a numeroaselor studii, s-au format anumite concep\u021bii dovedite despre cum o anumit\u0103 activitate a creierului corespunde st\u0103rilor con\u0219tiin\u021bei umane. Au ap\u0103rut algoritmi pentru determinarea nivelului de aten\u021bie, concentrare \u0219i medita\u021bie, relaxare mental\u0103. Ad\u0103uga\u021bi la asta capacitatea de a citi EEG-ul \u0219i electromiografia (EMG), iar rezultatul este o reprezentare a st\u0103rii unei persoane \u00een acel moment.<\/p>\n<p>\u0218i atunci c\u00e2nd trebuie s\u0103 \u00eenve\u021be s\u0103 provoace o stare psihemo\u021bional\u0103 specific\u0103, o persoan\u0103 se antreneaz\u0103 cu ajutorul unui dispozitiv la care este conectat\u0103 neurointerfa\u021ba. Exist\u0103 o mul\u021bime de programe de vizualizare a EEG-ului \u0219i a st\u0103rilor psihemo\u021bionale, nu vom descrie toate acestea. Antrenamentul provoc\u0103rii st\u0103rii necesare a con\u0219tiin\u021bei se realizeaz\u0103 prin tehnologia BCI EEG (feedback biologic \u00een baza electroencefalografiei). <\/p>\n<p>Cum arat\u0103 acest lucru \u00een practic\u0103: p\u0103rin\u021bii vor s\u0103 \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021beasc\u0103 performan\u021bele \u0219colare ale copilului lor \u0219i s\u0103 \u00eenving\u0103 ADHD (sindromul de deficit de aten\u021bie \u0219i hiperactivitate). Pentru aceasta, se utilizeaz\u0103 un program special (de exemplu, de la <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/venturebeat.com\/2017\/10\/22\/neuroplus-brain-controlled-games-help-improve-your-concentration\/\">NeuroPlus<\/a><\/noindex>), aleg\u00e2nd preset\u0103rile pentru antrenarea st\u0103rilor necesare: aten\u021bie, concentrare, relaxare, medita\u021bie, prevenirea hiperconcentra\u021biei. Se alege programul de antrenament pentru nivelul de concentrare. \u0218i se porne\u0219te.<\/p>\n<p>Programul ofer\u0103 copilului un antrenament \u00een care trebuie s\u0103 men\u021bin\u0103 valorile undelor Alpha \u0219i Beta deasupra unui anumit nivel. Undele nu trebuie s\u0103 scad\u0103 sub un anumit prag. \u00cen acela\u0219i timp, \u00een fereastra programului este redat materialul video selectat de p\u0103rin\u021bi. De exemplu, desenele animate preferate. Copilul doar se uit\u0103 la desenul animat, urm\u0103re\u0219te valorile undelor Alpha \u0219i Beta \u0219i nu face altceva. Apoi intervine BOS. Sarcina copilului este s\u0103 men\u021bin\u0103 valorile undelor Alpha \u0219i Beta pe tot parcursul antrenamentului.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Nu exist\u0103 limite pentru perfec\u021biune: cum ne ajut\u0103 neurointerfe\u021bele pe oameni\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/dd30a0796ea61cc1258037666739e8f7.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nDac\u0103 unul dintre niveluri scade sub valoarea necesar\u0103, desenul animat se \u00eentrerupe. La primele sesiuni, copilul va \u00eencerca s\u0103 revin\u0103 con\u0219tient la starea dorit\u0103 pentru a viziona desenul animat. Dar dup\u0103 un timp, creierul va \u00eenv\u0103\u021ba s\u0103 revin\u0103 de unul singur la aceast\u0103 stare atunci c\u00e2nd iese din ea (cu condi\u021bia ca desenul animat s\u0103 fie interesant pentru copil, iar starea de vizionare s\u0103 fie \u00abconfortabil\u0103\u00bb pentru creier). Ca urmare, copilul dezvolt\u0103 abilitatea de a evoca starea necesar\u0103 de concentrare, precum \u0219i capacitatea de a men\u021bine concentrarea la un anumit nivel.<\/p>\n<p>Pare pu\u021bin \u00eenfrico\u0219\u0103tor, dar nu v\u0103 gr\u0103bi\u021bi s\u0103 v\u0103 teme\u021bi \u0219i s\u0103 suna\u021bi la autorit\u0103\u021bile de protec\u021bie a copilului. Exist\u0103 \u0219i solu\u021bii mai simple bazate pe jocuri. De exemplu, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/store.neurosky.com\/products\/mind-the-ant-ios\">Mind The Ant<\/a><\/noindex> de la NeuroSky. Sarcina juc\u0103torului este s\u0103 fac\u0103 furnica s\u0103 \u00eemping\u0103 un obiect c\u0103tre cuibul s\u0103u. Dar pentru ca furnica s\u0103 se mi\u0219te f\u0103r\u0103 oprire, trebuie s\u0103 men\u021bin\u0103 un anumit nivel de concentrare deasupra unei anumite m\u0103rci pe scala corespunz\u0103toare.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Nu exist\u0103 limite pentru perfec\u021biune: cum ne ajut\u0103 neurointerfe\u021bele pe oameni\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/3b603450f6384076a14a8561e75f51ee.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nC\u00e2nd v\u0103 concentra\u021bi pe proces, furnica \u00eempinge obiectul. De \u00eendat\u0103 ce nivelul de concentrare scade, furnica se opre\u0219te \u0219i pierde\u021bi timp, afect\u00e2ndu-v\u0103 rezultatul. Cu fiecare nivel, jocul devine mai dificil, deoarece cre\u0219te nivelul de concentrare necesar. De asemenea, apar factori de distragere suplimentari.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen urma antrenamentelor regulate, utilizatorul dezvolt\u0103 capacitatea de a men\u021bine nivelul de concentrare \u0219i aten\u021bie asupra sarcinii efectuate, indiferent de factorii externi sau interni care distrag. Aici este ca \u00een sport, nu po\u021bi ob\u021bine un corp sportiv merg\u00e2nd doar de c\u00e2teva ori la sala de sport sau consum\u00e2nd o conserv\u0103 de proteine. Studiile din domeniul BCI EEG au demonstrat c\u0103 rezultatul antrenamentelor de acest tip apare doar dup\u0103 20 de zile de activitate regulat\u0103, de 20 de minute fiecare.<\/p>\n<h3>Divertisment<\/h3>\n<p>\n<center><div class=\"youtube-placeholder\" data-id=\"avBjd9IetNU\" onclick=\"loadVideo(this)\">\r\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/avBjd9IetNU\/hqdefault.jpg\" alt=\"Reda\u021bi video\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;\">\r\n        <div class=\"play-button\"><\/div>\r\n    <\/div><\/center><br \/>\nNeuroc\u0103\u0219tii ofer\u0103, de asemenea, posibilitatea de a te distra. Dar toate jocurile \u0219i aplica\u021biile de divertisment sunt, \u00een acela\u0219i timp, instrumente de auto-dezvoltare. Juc\u00e2nd jocuri prin intermediul neurointerfe\u021bei, folose\u0219ti st\u0103rile con\u0219tiente ale min\u021bii tale pentru a controla personajele. Astfel, \u00eenve\u021bi s\u0103 le controlezi.<\/p>\n<p>Jocul multiplayer Throw Trucks With Your Mind a st\u00e2rnit mult\u0103 v\u00e2lv\u0103 la vremea sa. Controlul personajului se face printr-un mecanism standard de shooter din perspectiva \u00eent\u00e2i, totu\u0219i, luptele cu al\u021bi juc\u0103tori se pot face doar prin eforturi mentale. Pentru aceasta, pe monitorul jocului sunt afi\u0219ate parametrii de concentrare \u0219i medita\u021bie ai juc\u0103torului.<\/p>\n<p>Pentru a arunca un cutie, un camion sau orice alt obiect din mediu asupra unui inamic, trebuie s\u0103-l ridici \u00een aer cu ajutorul puterii tale mentale \u0219i apoi s\u0103-l arunci asupra inamicului. De asemenea, po\u021bi fi lovit, astfel c\u0103 \u00een conflict c\u00e2\u0219tig\u0103 cel care folose\u0219te mai eficient capacitatea de concentrare \u0219i medita\u021bie. A lupta cu puterea min\u021bii \u00eempotriva unor adversari reali a fost deosebit de captivant. Printre jocurile mai recente se num\u0103r\u0103 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/hDoMMgj9VYU\">Zombie Rush<\/a><\/noindex> de la MyndPlay. <\/p>\n<p>Produc\u0103torii ofer\u0103 \u0219i op\u021biuni de jocuri mai calme. Iat\u0103, de exemplu, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/tqTuS5RClNQ\">o revizuire interesant\u0103<\/a><\/noindex> a mai multor aplica\u021bii de joc populare. De asemenea, merit\u0103 men\u021bionat jocul MyndPlay <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/store.myndplay.com\/videos.php?vid=10\">Sports Archery Lite<\/a><\/noindex>. Este simplu: trebuie s\u0103 faci trei focuri cu arcul \u0219i s\u0103 aduni cel mai mare num\u0103r de puncte. Pentru fiecare foc, po\u021bi ob\u021bine p\u00e2n\u0103 la 10 puncte. Folosind un videoclip, jocul te \u00eenv\u0103luie \u00een atmosfera sa, dup\u0103 care personajul t\u0103u poate \u00eencepe s\u0103 \u021binteasc\u0103 \u021binta. \u00cen fereastra player-ului apare un indicator al nivelului de concentrare. Cu c\u00e2t concentrarea este mai mare, cu at\u00e2t s\u0103geata va nimeri mai aproape de zece. La al doilea foc, pentru a nimeri, trebuie s\u0103 intri \u00een starea de medita\u021bie. La al treilea foc, va fi din nou necesar\u0103 concentrarea. A\u0219a jocul ilustreaz\u0103 posibilit\u0103\u021bile interesante ale neurointerfe\u021belor. <\/p>\n<p>\u00cen afar\u0103 de jocuri, exist\u0103 \u0219i filme interactive neuro. Imagineaz\u0103-\u021bi: te-ai a\u0219ezat pe canapea, ai pus c\u0103\u0219tile \u0219i ai \u00eenceput un film interactiv despre skateri. La un moment dat, skaterul a accelerat \u0219i urmeaz\u0103 s\u0103 sar\u0103. \u00cen acel moment, trebuie s\u0103 devii tu \u00eensu\u021bi skater, pentru a te concentra pe salt \u0219i a men\u021bine nivelul de concentrare mental\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd personajul finalizeaz\u0103 saltul. Cu o concentrare suficient\u0103 (comparabil\u0103 cu via\u021ba real\u0103 \u0219i cu nivelul necesar \u00een realitate), skaterul din film va s\u0103ri cu succes \u0219i povestea va continua p\u00e2n\u0103 la urm\u0103toarea bifurca\u021bie interactiv\u0103. Dac\u0103 concentrarea a fost mai slab\u0103, skaterul va c\u0103dea, iar filmul va urma o alt\u0103 poveste.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen mod similar, au fost filmate deja <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt7853742\/\">thrillere <\/a><\/noindex>\u00een stilul lui Guy Ritchie, precum \u0219i o serie de alte filme. De fapt, povestea \u0219i finalul filmului depind direct de eforturile tale. \u0218i asta pare s\u0103 fie destul de interesant.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Nu exist\u0103 limite pentru perfec\u021biune: cum ne ajut\u0103 neurointerfe\u021bele pe oameni\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/86e3985b7c2932a96dd8ef76b9e58438.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>O logic\u0103 simpl\u0103 \u0219i ramificat\u0103 de dezvoltare a pove\u0219tii<\/i><\/p>\n<h3>Aplicarea \u00een activitate<\/h3>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Nu exist\u0103 limite pentru perfec\u021biune: cum ne ajut\u0103 neurointerfe\u021bele pe oameni\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/9b450708638707e75deda94372ad9d65.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u00cen plus fa\u021b\u0103 de programele de antrenament \u0219i divertisment, dezvoltatorii au creat o mul\u021bime de aplica\u021bii destinate utiliz\u0103rii profesionale. Ca exemplu, putem men\u021biona programul MindRec, care a fost creat pentru medici, sportivi, psihologi obi\u0219nui\u021bi \u0219i psihologi care lucreaz\u0103 cu reprezentan\u021bi ai structurilor de for\u021b\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Cum se folose\u0219te? O persoan\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i pune un neuro-c\u0103\u0219ti, psihologul lanseaz\u0103 programul \u0219i \u00eencepe sesiunea. \u00cen timpul sesiunii, monitorizarea \u0219i \u00eenregistrarea se efectueaz\u0103 \u00een memoria computerului despre urm\u0103toarele informa\u021bii: nivelul de concentrare, aten\u021bie, nivelul de medita\u021bie, semnalul EEG brut, \u00een mai multe tipuri de vizualizare simultan, \u00een intervalul de 0 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 70Hz. Semnalele sunt \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bite pe intervale de frecven\u021b\u0103, form\u00e2nd spectrul semnalului principal. \u00cemp\u0103r\u021birea se face pe 8 intervale: Delta, Theta, Alpha joas\u0103, Alpha \u00eenalt\u0103, Beta joas\u0103, Beta \u00eenalt\u0103, Gamma joas\u0103, Gamma \u00eenalt\u0103. Dac\u0103 este necesar, se efectueaz\u0103 \u00eenregistrarea audio \u0219i video a ac\u021biunilor pacientului de c\u0103tre psiholog.<\/p>\n<p>Materialul \u00eenregistrat poate fi revizuit, observ\u00e2nd tot ceea ce a fost afi\u0219at \u00een timp real \u00een timpul sesiunii. Dac\u0103 psihologul nu a observat imediat ceva, la o examinare ulterioar\u0103 a sesiunii sau a antrenamentului poate studia modific\u0103rile reac\u021biilor ondulatorii ale creierului, le poate corela cu informa\u021bia audiovizual\u0103. Acesta este un instrument foarte valoros pentru orice specialist din acest domeniu.<\/p>\n<p>O alt\u0103 op\u021biune este neuro-marketingul. Neuro-c\u0103\u0219tile permit efectuarea de studii de marketing, deoarece arat\u0103 reac\u021bia emo\u021bional\u0103 a unei persoane la anumite stimulente de marketing. Acesta este mult mai eficient, deoarece \u00een cadrul sondajelor \u0219i chestionarelor oamenii nu sunt \u00eentotdeauna sinceri \u00een r\u0103spunsuri. Iar cercetarea neuro poate ajuta la observarea r\u0103spunsului real, sincer \u0219i impar\u021bial. Str\u00e2ng\u00e2nd un grup focal \u0219i realiz\u00e2nd testarea cu ajutorul neuro-c\u0103\u0219tilor, se pot ob\u021bine rezultate care corespund c\u00e2t mai bine realit\u0103\u021bii.<\/p>\n<h3>Interac\u021biunea cu dispozitive externe<\/h3>\n<p>\nO alt\u0103 direc\u021bie interesant\u0103 \u00een lucrul cu neuro-c\u0103\u0219tile este controlul la distan\u021b\u0103 al dispozitivelor externe. Foarte populare printre copii, de exemplu, jocurile de curse, care permit competi\u021bia \u00eentre doi, trei sau patru participan\u021bi. Iat\u0103 un exemplu bine cunoscut al acestor jocuri: <\/p>\n<p><center><div class=\"youtube-placeholder\" data-id=\"YX65fkKavFA\" onclick=\"loadVideo(this)\">\r\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/YX65fkKavFA\/hqdefault.jpg\" alt=\"Reda\u021bi video\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;\">\r\n        <div class=\"play-button\"><\/div>\r\n    <\/div><\/center><br \/>\n\u00ce\u021bi dore\u0219ti s\u0103 te distrezi cu ceva mai mult? Te rog, iat\u0103 alte dezvolt\u0103ri care au devenit de asemenea populare.<\/p>\n<p><b>Puzzlebox Orbit Helicopter<\/b><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Nu exist\u0103 limite pentru perfec\u021biune: cum ne ajut\u0103 neurointerfe\u021bele pe oameni\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/0a53a6f306284f81c70dc6f48c91eee4.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nUn elicopter de juc\u0103rie controlat prin puterea min\u021bii. Versiunea standard permite controlul altitudinii zborului elicopterului, dar exist\u0103 numeroase accesorii care transform\u0103 aceast\u0103 juc\u0103rie \u00eentr-un antrenor puternic pentru fitness mental. Recenzie <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/363731\/\">a fost pe Habr<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p><b>Lampa Zen<\/b><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Nu exist\u0103 limite pentru perfec\u021biune: cum ne ajut\u0103 neurointerfe\u021bele pe oameni\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/a8133dd726afe204297375a06012feb6.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nLampa reflect\u0103 starea psychoemo\u021bional\u0103 printr-o str\u0103lucire de o anumit\u0103 culoare. Ideal\u0103 pentru dezvoltarea abilit\u0103\u021bilor de medita\u021bie.<\/p>\n<p><b>Force Trainer II<\/b><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Nu exist\u0103 limite pentru perfec\u021biune: cum ne ajut\u0103 neurointerfe\u021bele pe oameni\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/9cf51e17a4b2f81c70ed2808fc67490f.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nUn gadget foarte amuzant. Creeaz\u0103 o imagine holografic\u0103 a mediului de joc \u0219i a obiectelor din interiorul unei piramide transparente. Iar juc\u0103torul, folosind comenzi ale creierului, controleaz\u0103 aceste obiecte.<\/p>\n<p><b>Necomimi<\/b><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Nu exist\u0103 limite pentru perfec\u021biune: cum ne ajut\u0103 neurointerfe\u021bele pe oameni\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/3022844a09e6b2a2b692bdaf449b19fe.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nUrechile de pisic\u0103 super dr\u0103gu\u021be au devenit un hit \u00een \u00eentreaga lume. Dispozitivul este complet autonom \u0219i nu necesit\u0103 conectare la un computer sau smartphone. Utilizatorul \u00ee\u0219i pune urechile, le porne\u0219te \u0219i poate \u00eencepe s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i exprime starea de spirit (starea psychoemo\u021bional\u0103) prin mi\u0219carea acestor urechi. Apropo, un produs similar, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/qvHcBq7UaY0\">realizat sub forma unei cozi<\/a><\/noindex>, nu a fost popular nici m\u0103car \u00een \u021bara sa de origine, Japonia. Unde a fost introdus\u0103 c\u0103\u0219tile, pute\u021bi s\u0103 v\u0103 imagina\u021bi singuri.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u0103\u0219ti neuronale \u2014 distrac\u021bie sau instrument util?<\/h2>\n<p>\n <img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Nu exist\u0103 limite pentru perfec\u021biune: cum ne ajut\u0103 neurointerfe\u021bele pe oameni\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/857c14da6491b87f2941f85828f58997.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u00cen timp ce citi\u021bi articolul, poate p\u0103rea c\u0103 interfe\u021bele neuronale \u0219i c\u0103\u0219tile sunt destinate \u00een principal distrac\u021biei sau pentru a satisface ego-ul uman. Totu\u0219i, aceasta nu este deloc adev\u0103rat. C\u0103\u0219tile neuronale, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu software-ul corespunz\u0103tor, pot ajuta la dezvoltarea unei membre dup\u0103 o leziune sever\u0103, reduc\u00e2nd efectele negative ale traumelor grave. De aceea, oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 folosesc activ neurotehnologiile pentru a ajuta oamenii. <\/p>\n<p>De exemplu, \u00een 2016, cercet\u0103torii americani de la Universitatea Johns Hopkins au creat o interfa\u021b\u0103 neural\u0103 care ajut\u0103 la controlul degetelor individuale ale unui prototip biomecanic. \u0218i un an mai t\u00e2rziu, colegii lor austrieci de la Universitatea Graz au dezvoltat un sistem pentru a scrie muzic\u0103 prin puterea g\u00e2ndului. Acesta este destinat persoanelor cu talent muzical care au dizabilit\u0103\u021bi.<\/p>\n<p>Speciali\u0219tii de la Universitatea Californiei au \u00eenv\u0103\u021bat, cu ajutorul interfe\u021bei neuronale, stimul\u0103rii neuromusculare \u0219i suspend\u0103rii <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/jneuroengrehab.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12984-015-0068-7\">s\u0103 mearg\u0103 o persoan\u0103<\/a><\/noindex>, paralizat\u0103 de la talie \u00een jos. Iar cercet\u0103torii brazilieni, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu colegii lor din SUA, Elve\u021bia \u0219i Germania, au reu\u0219it par\u021bial <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep30383\">restaurarea m\u0103duvei spin\u0103rii<\/a><\/noindex> la pacien\u021bi cu ajutorul interfe\u021bei neuronale, realit\u0103\u021bii virtuale \u0219i exoscheletului. Se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 \u0219i dezvolt\u0103ri pentru interac\u021biunea cu pacien\u021bii cu sindromul \u201eomului \u00eenchis\u201d. Tehnologia va ajuta la identificarea acestor pacien\u021bi, la comunicarea cu ei, precum \u0219i la restabilirea controlului asupra corpului.<\/p>\n<p>Facebook a \u00eenceput lucr\u0103rile la o interfa\u021b\u0103 neuronal\u0103 non-invaziv\u0103, care va ajuta utilizatorii s\u0103 scrie text f\u0103r\u0103 tastatur\u0103. Compania Nissan a dezvoltat interfa\u021ba \u201ecreier-ma\u0219in\u0103\u201d pentru a citi g\u00e2ndurile \u00een timpul conducerii pentru a reduce timpul de reac\u021bie. Iar Elon Musk \u00ee\u0219i dore\u0219te s\u0103 conecteze creierul la computer pentru a evita preluarea lumii de inteligen\u021ba artificial\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Companiile ruse\u0219ti nu pot s\u0103 se l\u0103udese \u00eenc\u0103 cu un num\u0103r mare de realiz\u0103ri \u00een domeniul neurotehnologiilor. Cu toate acestea, recent \u201eRosteh\u201d a prezentat un prototip pre-serie al unui dispozitiv care va ajuta la schimbul de informa\u021bii \u00eentre creier \u0219i un dispozitiv extern. Casca a fost dezvoltat\u0103 de Institutul de Ma\u0219ini de Control Electronic (INEUM) numit dup\u0103 I.S. Bruk. Se presupune c\u0103 interfa\u021ba neuronal\u0103 va permite controlul dispozitivelor electronice \u0219i electromechanice: proteze, vehicule.<\/p>\n<h2>Ce a\u0219teapt\u0103 pia\u021ba interfe\u021belor neuronale<\/h2>\n<p>\nConform <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.grandviewresearch.com\/industry-analysis\/brain-computer-interfaces-market\">proiec\u021biei Grand View Research<\/a><\/noindex>, volumul pie\u021bei globale a interfe\u021belor computerizate va atinge 1,72 miliarde de dolari p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 2022. Acum, principalul domeniu de aplicare a interfe\u021belor neuronale este medicina, dar se dezvolt\u0103 activ \u0219i domeniile de divertisment, precum \u0219i cele militare \u0219i industriale. C\u0103\u0219tile neurale pentru controlul unui robot de lupt\u0103 nu mai sunt doar fantezii dulce de oameni serio\u0219i din uniforme, ci o sarcin\u0103 destul de realizabil\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Datorit\u0103 faptului c\u0103 c\u0103\u0219tile neurale ofer\u0103 un mediu deschis, care poate fi utilizat pentru a crea propriul software, se dezvolt\u0103 \u0219i programarea neural\u0103 privat\u0103. De exemplu, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/store.neurosky.com\/collections\/developer-tools-3\">SDK <\/a><\/noindex>unui dintre liderii pie\u021bei, compania NeuroSky, este disponibil dezvoltatorilor complet gratuit. \u0218i ca rezultat, apar din ce \u00een ce mai multe aplica\u021bii care utilizeaz\u0103 capacit\u0103\u021bile acestei platforme. <\/p>\n<p>S\u0103 subliniem c\u0103 ini\u021biativa de implementare pe scar\u0103 larg\u0103 a neurointerfe\u021belor \u0219i implanturilor pentru creier se confrunt\u0103 nu doar cu sus\u021binere, ci \u0219i cu critici. Pe de o parte, neurointerfe\u021bele pot \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bi tratamentul traumelor cranio-cerebrale, paraliziei, epilepsiei sau schizofreniei. Pe de alt\u0103 parte, aceste tehnologii ar putea agrava inegalitatea social\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Exist\u0103 temeri c\u0103 pentru implantarea electrozilor \u00een corpul unei persoane s\u0103n\u0103toase nu exist\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103 o baz\u0103 legal\u0103 sau etic\u0103. \u00cen plus, neurointerfa\u021ba ar putea transforma creierul uman \u00eentr-un obiect pe care ar dori s\u0103-l penetreze guverne, reclame, hackeri, reptiloizi \u0219i alte persoane, la care un om normal cu siguran\u021b\u0103 nu ar reac\u021biona pozitiv. \u00cen general, neurointerfa\u021ba \u0219i c\u0103\u0219tile ar putea schimba tr\u0103s\u0103turile umane, ar afecta psihicul \u0219i activitatea individului, distorsion\u00e2nd \u00een\u021belegerea oamenilor ca fiin\u021be fiziologice.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen general, este clar c\u0103 neurotehnologiile vor continua s\u0103 evolueze. Dar c\u00e2nd vor deveni cu adev\u0103rat accesibile \u0219i \u0219i mai eficiente, este imposibil de prezis.<\/p>\n<p><b>Ce altceva interesant este pe blog <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cloud4y.ru\/?utm_source=habr&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=article\">Cloud4Y<\/a><\/noindex><\/b><br \/>\n\u2192 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/post\/448728\/\">\u00cen \u201ec\u00e2teva decenii\u201d, creierul va fi conectat la Internet<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n\u2192 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/post\/436064\/\">Inteligen\u021b\u0103 artificial\u0103 pentru fiecare<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n\u2192 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/cloud4y\/blog\/454274\/\">Lumina, camera... nor: Cum norii schimb\u0103 industria cinematografic\u0103<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n\u2192 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/cloud4y\/blog\/453612\/\">Fotbal \u00een nori \u2014 mod\u0103 sau necesitate?<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n\u2192 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/post\/431992\/\">Biometrie: cum st\u0103m cu acest lucru la noi \u0219i la \u201eei\u201d<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<br \/>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/cloud4y\/blog\/458330\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0415\u0449\u0451 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 100 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0434 \u0443\u0447\u0451\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0437\u0433\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c, \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043b\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a-\u0442\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e. \u0412 1875 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0420\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0440\u0434 \u041a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043d \u0441\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043b \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0435 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0437\u0433\u0430 \u043a\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0437\u044c\u044f\u043d. \u0417\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0439 \u0438 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