{"id":35926,"date":"2019-10-31T22:07:36","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:07:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/free-as-in-freedom-na-russkom-glava-5-rucheyok-svobody\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:07:36","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:07:36","slug":"free-as-in-freedom-na-russkom-glava-5-rucheyok-svobody","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/free-as-in-freedom-na-russkom-glava-5-rucheyok-svobody","title":{"rendered":"Free as in Freedom in Romanian: Chapter 5. The Stream of Freedom","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

Free as in Freedom \u00een limba rom\u00e2n\u0103: Capitolul 1. Printrul fatal<\/a><\/p>\n

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\n<\/p>\n

Free as in Freedom \u00een rom\u00e2n\u0103: Capitolul 2. 2001: Odissea hackerilor<\/a><\/p>\n

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\n<\/p>\n

Free as in Freedom \u00een rom\u00e2n\u0103: Capitolul 3. Portretul hackerului \u00een tinere\u021be<\/a><\/p>\n

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\n<\/p>\n

Free as in Freedom \u00een limba rom\u00e2n\u0103: Capitolul 4. Desfiin\u021barea zeului<\/a><\/p>\n

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Izvorul libert\u0103\u021bii<\/h1>\n
\n

RMS: \u00cen acest capitol, am corectat multe declara\u021bii despre g\u00e2ndurile \u0219i sentimentele mele \u0219i am atenuat ostilitatea nejustificat\u0103 \u00een descrierea unor evenimente. Declara\u021biile lui Williams sunt prezentate \u00een forma original\u0103, cu excep\u021bia cazului \u00een care se specific\u0103 altfel.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\u00centreba\u021bi pe oricine a petrecut mai mult de un minut \u00een prezen\u021ba lui Richard Stallman, iar to\u021bi vor spune aproximativ acela\u0219i lucru: uita\u021bi de p\u0103rul lui lung, uita\u021bi de eccentricit\u0103\u021bile lui, primul lucru pe care \u00eel ve\u021bi observa - privirea. Privind o dat\u0103 \u00een ochii lui verzi, ve\u021bi \u00een\u021belege c\u0103 vede\u021bi \u00een fa\u021ba voastr\u0103 un adev\u0103rat adept.<\/p>\n

A numi pe Stallman obsedat ar fi o subestimare. El nu se uit\u0103 la tine, el se uit\u0103 prin tine. C\u00e2nd \u00ee\u021bi \u00eentorci privirea din sim\u021bul bunului gust, ochii lui Stallman \u00eencep s\u0103 ard\u0103 \u00een mintea ta ca dou\u0103 raze laser.<\/p>\n

Probabil c\u0103 acesta este motivul pentru care majoritatea autorilor descriu stilul lui Stallman \u00eentr-o manier\u0103 religioas\u0103. \u00cen articolul de pe Salon.com<\/em> \u00cen anul 1998, sub titlul \u201eSfin\u021bitul software-ului liber\u201d, Andrew Leonard nume\u0219te ochii verzi ai lui Stallman \u201eeman\u00e2nd puterea unui profet veterotestamentar\u201d. Un articol din 1999 \u00een revista Wired<\/em> sus\u021bine c\u0103 barba lui Stallman \u00eel face s\u0103 semene cu Rasputin. Iar \u00een dosarul lui Stallman London Guardian<\/em> z\u00e2mbetul s\u0103u este numit \u201ez\u00e2mbetul apostolului dup\u0103 \u00eent\u00e2lnirea cu Isus\u201d<\/p>\n

Astfel de analogii sunt impresionante, dar nu corespund realit\u0103\u021bii. Ele descriu o fiin\u021b\u0103 inaccesibil\u0103, supranatural\u0103, \u00een timp ce Stallman real este vulnerabil, ca to\u021bi oamenii. Observa\u021bi-i ochii o perioad\u0103 de timp \u0219i ve\u021bi \u00een\u021belege: Richard nu v\u0103 hipnotizeaz\u0103 \u0219i nu v\u0103 str\u0103punge cu privirea, el \u00eencearc\u0103 s\u0103 stabileasc\u0103 contact vizual. A\u0219a se manifest\u0103 sindromul Asperger, o umbr\u0103 care se afl\u0103 pe psihicul lui Stallman. Richard \u00eei este greu s\u0103 interac\u021bioneze cu oamenii, nu simte contactul, \u00een comunicare este nevoit s\u0103 se bazeze pe concluzii teoretice, nu pe sentimente. Un alt semn - scufund\u0103ri periodice \u00een sine. Ochii lui Stallman, chiar \u0219i \u00een lumina puternic\u0103, se pot opri \u0219i se pot estompa, ca ai unui animal r\u0103nit care, pe cale de a-\u0219i da duhul.<\/p>\n

Pentru prima dat\u0103 am dat peste acest privire stranie a lui Stallman \u00een martie 1999, la \u201eLinuxWorld Conference and Expo\u201d din San Jose. Aceasta a fost o conferin\u021b\u0103 pentru oameni \u0219i companii implicate \u00een software-ul liber, o adev\u0103rat\u0103 \u201esear\u0103 a recunoa\u0219terii\u201d. A fost o sear\u0103 deosebit\u0103 \u0219i pentru Stallman - el a decis s\u0103 participe activ, s\u0103 transmit\u0103 jurnali\u0219tilor \u0219i publicului larg povestea proiectului GNU \u0219i ideologia sa.<\/p>\n

Atunci am primit pentru prima dat\u0103 un ghid despre cum s\u0103 interac\u021bionez cu Stallman, \u0219i asta f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103 vreau. S-a \u00eent\u00e2mplat la o conferin\u021b\u0103 de pres\u0103 consacrat\u0103 lans\u0103rii GNOME 1.0, un mediu grafic desktop liber. F\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103-mi dau seama, am ap\u0103sat combina\u021biile de taste care \u00eel enervau pe Stallman, pur \u0219i simplu \u00eentreb\u00e2nd: \u201eCrede\u021bi c\u0103 maturitatea GNOME va influen\u021ba succesul comercial al sistemului de operare Linux?\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201eV\u0103 rog s\u0103 nu numi\u021bi sistemul de operare doar Linux,\u201d \u2013 a r\u0103spuns Stallman, \u00eentorc\u00e2ndu-\u0219i imediat privirea spre mine, \u2013 \u201enucleul Linux este doar o mic\u0103 parte a sistemului de operare. Multe utilitare \u0219i aplica\u021bii care constituie sistemul de operare pe care \u00eel numi\u021bi simplu Linux au fost dezvoltate nu de Torvalds, ci de voluntarii proiectului GNU. Ace\u0219tia \u0219i-au petrecut timpul personal pentru ca oamenii s\u0103 aib\u0103 un sistem de operare liber. Este nepoliticos \u0219i ignorant s\u0103 neglij\u0103m contribu\u021bia acestor oameni. A\u0219adar, v\u0103 rog: c\u00e2nd vorbi\u021bi despre sistemul de operare, numi\u021bi-l GNU\/Linux, v\u0103 rog.\u201d<\/p>\n

Not\u00e2nd aceast\u0103 tirad\u0103 \u00een carnetul meu de reporter, am ridicat privirea \u0219i am descoperit c\u0103 Stallman m\u0103 fixeaz\u0103 cu o privire nemi\u0219cat\u0103 \u00een mijlocul unei t\u0103ceri zgomotoase. Un alt reporter a \u00eendr\u0103znit s\u0103 pun\u0103 o \u00eentrebare \u2013 \u00een acest caz, s-a auzit cu siguran\u021b\u0103 \u201eGNU\/Linux\u201d, nu doar \u201eLinux\u201d. R\u0103spunsul a venit de la Miguel de Icaza, liderul proiectului GNOME, iar abia la mijlocul r\u0103spunsului s\u0103u Stallman a \u00eentors privirea, \u0219i prin spatele meu a trecut un fior de u\u0219urare. C\u00e2nd Stallman \u00ee\u0219i ceart\u0103 pe altcineva pentru o gre\u0219eal\u0103 \u00een denumirea sistemului, te bucuri c\u0103 nu prive\u0219te \u00een direc\u021bia ta.<\/p>\n

Tiradele lui Stallman au un rezultat: mul\u021bi jurnali\u0219ti \u00eenceteaz\u0103 s\u0103 mai numeasc\u0103 sistemul de operare doar Linux. Pentru Stallman, a-i trasa pe oameni pentru c\u0103 omit GNU din denumirea sistemului este nu mai mult dec\u00e2t o modalitate practic\u0103 de a-\u0219i aminti despre valoarea proiectului GNU. Ca urmare, Wired.com \u00een articolul s\u0103u \u00eel compar\u0103 pe Richard cu un bol\u0219evic-revolu\u021bionar leninist, care a fost apoi \u0219ters din istorie \u00eempreun\u0103 cu faptele sale. La fel \u0219i industria computerelor, mai ales prin intermediul unor companii, \u00eencearc\u0103 s\u0103 diminueze importan\u021ba GNU \u0219i a filozofiei sale. Apoi au urmat alte articole \u0219i, de\u0219i pu\u021bini jurnali\u0219ti men\u021bioneaz\u0103 sistemul GNU\/Linux \u00een scris, majoritatea \u00eei recunosc totu\u0219i lui Stallman meritele pentru crearea software-ului liber.<\/p>\n

Dup\u0103 aceasta, nu l-am mai \u00eent\u00e2lnit pe Stallman timp de aproape 17 luni. \u00cen acest timp, el a mai vizitat o dat\u0103 Valea Siliconului la expozi\u021bia LinuxWorld din august 1999, \u0219i f\u0103r\u0103 nicio prezentare oficial\u0103, a \u00eenfrumuse\u021bat evenimentul cu prezen\u021ba sa. Primind \u00een numele Funda\u021biei pentru software liber premiul Linus Torvalds pentru contribu\u021bii aduse societ\u0103\u021bii, Stallman a observat cu umor: \u201eA premia Funda\u021bia pentru software liber cu premiul Linus Torvalds este ca \u0219i cum ai premia Alian\u021ba Rebel\u0103 cu premiul Han Solo.\u201d<\/p>\n

Dar de data aceasta cuvintele lui Richard nu au f\u0103cut valuri \u00een mass-media. La mijlocul s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2nii, compania Red Hat, un mare produc\u0103tor de software legat de GNU\/Linux, devenea public\u0103 printr-o ofert\u0103 de ac\u021biuni pe burs\u0103. Aceast\u0103 veste confirma ceea ce anterior doar se b\u0103nuia: \u201eLinux\u201d devenea un cuv\u00e2nt \u00e0 la mode pe Wall Street, cum au fost anterior \u201ecomer\u021bul electronic\u201d \u0219i \u201edot-com\u201d. Pia\u021ba de valori se apropia de maxim, iar toate subiectele politice legate de software-ul liber \u0219i codul deschis au trecut pe locul doi.<\/p>\n

Poate c\u0103 de aceea, la al treilea LinuxWorld din 2000, Stallman nu a mai fost prezent. \u0218i cur\u00e2nd dup\u0103 aceea, m-am \u00eent\u00e2lnit a doua oar\u0103 cu Richard \u0219i cu privirea lui p\u0103trunz\u0103toare. Am auzit c\u0103 se preg\u0103te\u0219te s\u0103 mearg\u0103 \u00een Valea Silicat\u0103 \u0219i l-am invitat la un interviu \u00een Palo Alto. Alegerea locului ad\u0103uga o not\u0103 de ironie interviului \u2013 cu excep\u021bia Redmond-ului, pu\u021bine ora\u0219e din SUA pot s\u0103 confirme mai conving\u0103tor dec\u00e2t Palo Alto valoarea economic\u0103 a software-ului proprietar. A fost interesant s\u0103 v\u0103d cum se va comporta Stallman, cu r\u0103zboiul s\u0103u necru\u021b\u0103tor \u00eempotriva egoismului \u0219i avari\u021biei, \u00een ora\u0219ul unde un garaj modest cost\u0103 nu mai pu\u021bin de 500 de mii de dolari.<\/p>\n

Urm\u00e2nd indica\u021biile lui Stallman, ajung la sediul Art.net, o \u201easocia\u021bie virtual\u0103 de arti\u0219ti\u201d non-profit. Aceast\u0103 sediu este o caban\u0103 pu\u021bin reparat\u0103, situat\u0103 l\u00e2ng\u0103 un gard viu, \u00een partea de nord a ora\u0219ului. A\u0219a c\u0103, dintr-o dat\u0103, tabloul \u201eStallman \u00een inima V\u0103ii Siliconului\u201d \u00ee\u0219i pierde tot surrealismul.<\/p>\n

\u00cel g\u0103sesc pe Stallman \u00eentr-o camer\u0103 \u00eentunecat\u0103, st\u00e2nd la laptop \u0219i tast\u00e2nd. De \u00eendat\u0103 ce intru, m\u0103 \u00eent\u00e2mpin\u0103 cu laserii s\u0103i verzi de 200 de wa\u021bi, dar m\u0103 salut\u0103 destul de calm, \u0219i eu \u00eei r\u0103spund cu un salut. Richard \u00ee\u0219i \u00eendreapt\u0103 din nou privirea spre ecranul laptopului.<\/p>\n

Sursa: linux.org.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Free as in Freedom \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c: \u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0430 1. \u0420\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440 Free as in Freedom \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c: \u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0430 2. 2001: \u0425\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0434\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0435\u044f Free as in Freedom \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c: \u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0430 3. \u041f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442 \u0445\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0432 \u044e\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 Free as in Freedom \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c: \u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0430 4. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0447\u0430\u0439 \u0431\u043e\u0433\u0430 \u0420\u0443\u0447\u0435\u0451\u043a \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0420\u041c\u0421: \u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0435 \u044f \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043e \u043c\u043e\u0438\u0445 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-35926","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Free as in Freedom \u00een rom\u00e2n\u0103: Capitolul 5. 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