{"id":35977,"date":"2019-10-31T22:08:56","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:08:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/reliz-yadra-linux-5-2\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:08:56","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:08:56","slug":"reliz-yadra-linux-5-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/reliz-yadra-linux-5-2","title":{"rendered":"Lansarea kernel-ului Linux 5.2","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Dup\u0103 dou\u0103 luni de dezvoltare, Linus Torvalds <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lkml.org\/lkml\/2019\/7\/7\/281\">a prezentat<\/a><\/noindex> lansarea nucleului <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kernel.org\/\">Linux 5.2<\/a><\/noindex>. Printre cele mai notabile modific\u0103ri: modul de func\u021bionare Ext4 f\u0103r\u0103 a \u021bine cont de registru, apeluri sistemice separate pentru montarea FS, drivere pentru GPU Mali 4xx\/6xx\/7xx, posibilitatea de a trata modificarea valorilor sysctl \u00een programele BPF, modulul device-mapper dm-dust, protec\u021bie \u00eempotriva atacurilor MDS, suport pentru Sound Open Firmware pentru DSP, optimizarea performan\u021bei BFQ, aducerea subsistemului PSI (Pressure Stall Information) la capacitatea de a fi folosit \u00een Android.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen noua versiune au fost acceptate 15100 de corecturi de la 1882 de dezvoltatori,<br \/>\ndimensiunea patch-ului \u2014 62 MB (modific\u0103rile au afectat 30889 de fi\u0219iere, au fost ad\u0103ugate 625094 linii de cod \u0219i 531864 linii au fost eliminate). Aproximativ 45% din toate modific\u0103rile incluse \u00een 5.2<br \/>\nsunt legate de driverele de dispozitive, aproximativ 21% din modific\u0103ri au<br \/>\nleg\u0103tur\u0103 cu actualizarea codului specific arhitecturilor hardware, 12%<br \/>\nsunt legate de stiva de re\u021bea, 3% \u2014 de sistemele de fi\u0219iere \u0219i 3% de subsistemele interne<br \/>\nale nucleului. 12.4% din toate modific\u0103rile au fost preg\u0103tite de Intel, 6.3% \u2014 de Red Hat, 5.4% \u2014 de Google, 4.0% \u2014 de AMD, 3.1% \u2014 de SUSE, 3% \u2014 de IBM, 2.7% \u2014 de Huawei,  2.7% \u2014 de Linaro, 2.2% \u2014 de ARM, 1.6% \u2014 de Oracle.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kernelnewbies.org\/Linux_5.2\">Principalele<\/a><\/noindex> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lwn.net\/Articles\/788532\/\">nout\u0103\u021bi<\/a><\/noindex>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Subsistemul de disc, I\/O \u0219i sistemele de fi\u0219iere<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Pentru Ext4 a fost ad\u0103ugat  <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=50581\">suport pentru<\/a><\/noindex> func\u021bionarea f\u0103r\u0103 distinc\u021bie de caz a literelor \u00een numele fi\u0219ierelor, care este activat\u0103 doar \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu anumite directoare goale folosind noul atribut \u00ab+F\u00bb (EXT4_CASEFOLD_FL). C\u00e2nd acest atribut este setat pe un director, toate opera\u021biunile cu fi\u0219iere \u0219i subdirectoare din interior vor fi efectuate f\u0103r\u0103 a \u021bine cont de caz, inclusiv cazurile vor fi ignorate \u00een opera\u021biunile de c\u0103utare \u0219i deschidere a fi\u0219ierelor (de exemplu, fi\u0219ierele Test.txt, test.txt \u0219i test.TXT \u00een aceste directoare vor fi considerate identice). \u00cen mod implicit, FS continu\u0103 s\u0103 fie sensibil la caz, excep\u021bie f\u0103c\u00e2nd directoarele cu atributul \u00abchattr +F\u00bb;\n<li class=\"l\"> Func\u021biile pentru manipularea caracterelor UTF-8 \u00een numele fi\u0219ierelor au fost unificate, acestea fiind aplicate \u00een timpul opera\u021biunilor de comparare \u0219i normalizare a \u0219irurilor;\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen XFS a fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 o infrastructur\u0103 pentru monitorizarea st\u0103rii sistemului de fi\u0219iere \u0219i un nou ioctl pentru solicitarea st\u0103rii de func\u021bionalitate. A fost implementat\u0103 o op\u021biune experimental\u0103 pentru a verifica \u00een timp real (online scrub) contorii superblocului.\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat un nou modul device-mapper \u00ab<noindex>dm-dust<\/noindex>\u00bb, care permite simularea apari\u021biei de blocuri defecte pe suport sau a erorilor de citire de pe disc. Modulul faciliteaz\u0103 depanarea \u0219i testarea aplica\u021biilor \u0219i diferitelor sisteme de stocare \u00een condi\u021bii de posibile defec\u021biuni;\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lwn.net\/Articles\/784267\/\">Realizat<\/a><\/noindex> optimizare semnificativ\u0103 a performan\u021bei planificatorului de intrare\/ie\u0219ire BFQ. \u00cen condi\u021bii de sarcin\u0103 mare pe intrare\/ie\u0219ire, s-au efectuat optimiz\u0103ri. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/algo.ing.unimo.it\/people\/paolo\/disk_sched\/results.php\">permit<\/a><\/noindex> reducerea cu p\u00e2n\u0103 la 80% a timpului pentru opera\u021biuni precum lansarea aplica\u021biilor;\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 o serie de apeluri sistemice pentru montarea sistemelor de fi\u0219iere: <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=24dcb3d90a1f67fe08c68a004af37df059d74005\">fsopen()<\/a><\/noindex>, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=a07b20004793d8926f78d63eb5980559f7813404\">open_tree()<\/a><\/noindex>, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=cf3cba4a429be43e5527a3f78859b1bfd9ebc5fb\">fspick()<\/a><\/noindex>, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=93766fbd2696c2c4453dd8e1070977e9cd4e6b6d\">fsmount()<\/a><\/noindex>, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=ecdab150fddb42fe6a739335257949220033b782\">fsconfig()<\/a><\/noindex> \u0219i <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=2db154b3ea8e14b04fee23e3fdfd5e9d17fbc6ae\">move_mount()<\/a><\/noindex>. Aceste apeluri sistemice permit procesarea separat\u0103 a diferitelor etape ale mont\u0103rii (procesarea superblocului, ob\u021binerea informa\u021biilor despre FS, montarea, ata\u0219area la un punct de montare), care anterior erau realizate printr-un apel sistemic general mount(). Apelurile separate permit executarea unor scenarii de montare mai complexe \u0219i tratarea separat\u0103 a unor opera\u021biuni precum reconfigurarea superblocului, activarea op\u021biunilor, modificarea punctului de montare \u0219i mutarea \u00een alt spa\u021biu de nume. \u00cen plus, procesarea separat\u0103 permite identificarea exact\u0103 a cauzelor gener\u0103rii codurilor de eroare \u0219i specificarea mai multor surse pentru FS-uri multi-stratificate, precum overlayfs;\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen interfata pentru intrare\/ie\u0219ire asincron\u0103 io_uring a fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 o nou\u0103 opera\u021biune IORING_OP_SYNC_FILE_RANGE, care execut\u0103 ac\u021biuni echivalente apelului sistemic <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/man7.org\/linux\/man-pages\/man2\/sync_file_range.2.html\">sync_file_range()<\/a><\/noindex>, de asemenea, a fost implementat\u0103 capacitatea de a \u00eenregistra eventfd cu io_uring \u0219i de a primi notific\u0103ri despre finalizarea opera\u021biunilor;\n<li class=\"l\"> Pentru sistemul de fi\u0219iere CIFS a fost ad\u0103ugat ioctl FIEMAP, care asigur\u0103 maparea eficient\u0103 a extentelor \u0219i suport pentru modurile SEEK_DATA \u0219i SEEK_HOLE;\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen subsistemul FUSE <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=ad2ba64dd489805e7ddf5fecf166cae1e09fc5c0\">sub licen\u021ba MIT. Instrumentul utilizeaz\u0103 metode de \u00eenv\u0103\u021bare automat\u0103, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu analiza static\u0103 \u0219i dinamic\u0103 a codului JavaScript. Se afirm\u0103 c\u0103 utilizarea \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103rii automate a permis \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea semnificativ\u0103 a preciziei \u00een identificarea codului pentru identificarea ascuns\u0103 \u0219i a identificat cu 26% mai multe scripturi problematice<\/a><\/noindex> API pentru gestionarea cache-ului de date;\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen Btrfs a fost optimizat\u0103 implementarea qgroups \u0219i a fost crescut\u0103 viteza de executare a fsync pentru fi\u0219iere cu mai multe linkuri hard. A fost \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bit codul de verificare a integrit\u0103\u021bii datelor, care acum ia \u00een considerare posibilele daune asupra informa\u021biilor \u00een RAM \u00eenainte de a scrie datele pe disc;\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen CEPH a fost ad\u0103ugat suport pentru exportarea instantaneelor prin NFS;\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bit\u0103 implementarea mont\u0103rii NFSv4 \u00een modul \u00absoft\u00bb (\u00een caz de eroare la accesarea serverului \u00een modul \u00absoft\u00bb, apelul returneaz\u0103 imediat codul de eroare, pe c\u00e2nd \u00een modul \u00abhard\u00bb, controlul nu este cedat p\u00e2n\u0103 la restabilirea disponibilit\u0103\u021bii FS sau expira\u021bie). \u00cen noua versiune, a fost asigurat\u0103 o gestionare mai precis\u0103 a expir\u0103rii, s-a accelerat recuperarea dup\u0103 o defec\u021biune \u0219i a fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 o nou\u0103 op\u021biune de montare \u00absofterr\u00bb, care permite schimbarea codului de eroare (ETIMEDOUT) returnat \u00een cazul unei expir\u0103ri;\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen API nfsdcld, destinat monitoriz\u0103rii st\u0103rii clien\u021bilor NFS, a fost implementat\u0103 posibilitatea de a urm\u0103ri corect starea clientului de c\u0103tre serverul NFS \u00een cazul repornirii. Astfel, demonul nfsdcld poate acum s\u0103 \u00eendeplineasc\u0103 rolul de procesor nfsdcltrack;\n<li class=\"l\"> Pentru AFS <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=6c6c1d63c243025956f061e67fff3a615aa0f6be\">a fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103<\/a><\/noindex> emularea bloc\u0103rilor de interval de byte \u00een fi\u0219iere (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/docs.openafs.org\/ReleaseNotesWindows\/ch03s19.html\">Blocare pe Interval de Byte<\/a><\/noindex>);\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Virtualizare \u0219i securitate<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> S-au efectuat lucr\u0103ri de eliminare a locurilor din nucleu care permit executarea codului din zonele de memorie scriabile afi\u0219ate, ceea ce ajut\u0103 la blocarea bre\u0219elor poten\u021biale care pot fi exploatate \u00een cadrul unui atac;\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat un nou parametru al liniei de comand\u0103 a nucleului \u00abmitigations=\u00bb, oferind o modalitate simplificat\u0103 de a gestiona activarea anumitor tehnici de protec\u021bie \u00eempotriva vulnerabilit\u0103\u021bilor legate de executarea speculativ\u0103 a instruc\u021biunilor \u00een CPU. Transmiterea \u00abmitigations=off\u00bb dezactiveaz\u0103 toate metodele disponibile, iar modul implicit \u00abmitigations=auto\u00bb activeaz\u0103 protec\u021bia, dar nu afecteaz\u0103 utilizarea Hyper Threading. Modul \u00abmitigations=auto,nosmt\u00bb dezactiveaz\u0103 suplimentar Hyper Threading, dac\u0103 metoda de protec\u021bie o necesit\u0103.\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/linus\/0d7a78643f6972214e99205b364e508f8ea9598e\">Ad\u0103ugat<\/a><\/noindex> suport pentru semn\u0103tura electronic\u0103 digital\u0103 conform GOST R 34.10-2012 (RFC 7091, ISO\/IEC 14888-3), <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=0d7a78643f6972214e99205b364e508f8ea9598e\">dezvoltat\u0103<\/a><\/noindex> Vitali Chikunov de la \u201eBasalt SPO\u201d. Implementarea TLS \u00eencorporat\u0103 a fost extins\u0103 cu suport pentru AES128-CCM. Modulul crypto_simd a ad\u0103ugat suport pentru algoritmii AEAD;\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen Kconfig <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=9f671e58159adea641f76c56d1f0bbdcb3c524ff\">a fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103<\/a><\/noindex> o sec\u021biune separat\u0103 \u201ekernel hardening\u201d cu op\u021biuni pentru \u00eent\u0103rirea securit\u0103\u021bii nucleului. \u00cen prezent, noua sec\u021biune include doar set\u0103ri pentru activarea verific\u0103rilor GCC-plugin;\n<li class=\"l\"> Codul nucleului este aproape <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=b4b52b881cf0\">eliminat<\/a><\/noindex> de expresii continue case \u00een switch (f\u0103r\u0103 return sau break dup\u0103 fiecare bloc case). R\u0103m\u00e2n de corectat 32 din cele 2311 cazuri de utilizare similar\u0103 a switch, dup\u0103 care \u00een timpul compil\u0103rii nucleului va putea fi activat modului \u201e-Wimplicit-fallthrough\u201d;\n<li class=\"l\"> Pentru arhitectura PowerPC a fost implementat suportul pentru mecanismele hardware de restric\u021bionare a c\u0103ilor de acces nedorite ale nucleului la datele din spa\u021biul utilizatorului;\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat cod pentru blocarea  <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=50684\">atacurilor<\/a><\/noindex> clasei MDS (Microarchitectural Data Sampling) \u00een procesoarele Intel. Verificarea vulnerabilit\u0103\u021bii sistemului se poate face prin variabila SysFS \u201e\/sys\/devices\/system\/cpu\/vulnerabilities\/mds\u201d; <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kernel.org\/doc\/html\/latest\/admin-guide\/hw-vuln\/mds.html\">Disponibil<\/a><\/noindex> dou\u0103 moduri de protec\u021bie: complet, care necesit\u0103 un microcod actualizat, \u0219i un mod de bypass, care nu garanteaz\u0103 complet cur\u0103\u021barea bufferelor CPU la transferul controlului \u00een spa\u021biul utilizatorului sau sistemului gazd\u0103. Pentru gestionarea modurilor de protec\u021bie, a fost ad\u0103ugat \u00een nucleu parametrul \u201emds=\u201d, care poate accepta valorile \u201efull\u201d, \u201efull,nosmt\u201d (+ dezactivarea Hyper-Threads) \u0219i \u201eoff\u201d;\n<li class=\"l\"> Pe sistemele x86-64 pentru IRQ, mecanisme de depanare \u0219i manejere de excep\u021bii a fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 protec\u021bia \u201estack guard-page\u201d, al c\u0103rei scop este \u00eenlocuirea la limita cu stiva a paginilor de memorie, accesul c\u0103rora genereaz\u0103 o excep\u021bie (page-fault);\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 setarea sysctl vm.unprivileged_userfaultfd, care controleaz\u0103 capacitatea de a utiliza apelul de sistem userfaultfd() de c\u0103tre procesele neprivilegiate;\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Subsystema de re\u021bea<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=d15662682db232da77136cd348f4c9df312ca6f9\">Ad\u0103ugat<\/a><\/noindex> suport pentru gateway-uri IPv6 pentru rutele IPv4. De exemplu, acum este posibil s\u0103 specifica\u021bi reguli de rutare de forma \u201eip ro add 172.16.1.0\/24 via inet6 2001:db8::1 dev eth0\u201d;\n<li class=\"l\"> Pentru ICMPv6 au fost implementate apelurile ioctl icmp_echo_ignore_anycast \u0219i icmp_echo_ignore_multicast pentru a ignora ICMP ECHO pentru anycast \u0219i<br \/>\nadreselor multicast. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=0bc199854405543b0debe67c735c0aae94f1d319\">Ad\u0103ugat<\/a><\/noindex> posibilitatea de a limita intensitatea proces\u0103rii pachetelor ICMPv6;<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Pentru protocolul mesh B.A.T.M.A.N. (\u201eBetter Approach To Mobile Adhoc Networking\u201d), care permite crearea de re\u021bele descentralizate, fiecare nod fiind conectat prin noduri vecine, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/linus\/32e727449c792b689c2a06a8b4cc9fef6270c5a7\">a fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103<\/a><\/noindex> suport pentru translarea din multicast \u00een unicast, precum \u0219i posibilitatea de gestionare prin sysfs;\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen ethtool <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=3aeb0803f7ea11ff2fc478f7d58f2b8e713af380\">ad\u0103ugat<\/a><\/noindex> un nou parametru Fast Link Down, care permite reducerea timpului de notificare a evenimentului de deconectare a linkului pentru 1000BaseT (\u00een condi\u021bii normale, \u00eent\u00e2rzierea poate ajunge p\u00e2n\u0103 la 750ms);\n<li class=\"l\"> A ap\u0103rut <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/linus\/1713cb37bf671e5d98919536941a8b56337874fd\">posibilitatea<\/a><\/noindex> legarea tunelurilor Foo-Over-UDP la o anumit\u0103 adres\u0103, interfa\u021b\u0103 de re\u021bea sau socket (anterior, legarea se realiza doar pe o masc\u0103 comun\u0103);\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen stiva wireless <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=cb74e9775871f8c82a1297cf76209f10ab5bbe3d\">s-a asigurat<\/a><\/noindex> posibilitatea de implementare a tratamentelor<br \/>\nOWE (Opportunistic Wireless Encryption) \u00een spa\u021biul utilizatorului;<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen Netfilter, lan\u021burile nat au ad\u0103ugat suport pentru familia de adrese inet (de exemplu, acum se poate utiliza o regul\u0103 de translatare pentru a gestiona ipv4 \u0219i ipv6, f\u0103r\u0103 a separa regulile pentru ipv4 \u0219i ipv6);\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen netlink <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=ef6243acb4782df587a4d7d6c310fa5b5d82684b\">ad\u0103ugat<\/a><\/noindex> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=8cb081746c031fb164089322e2336a0bf5b3070c\">mod<\/a><\/noindex> strict pentru verificarea riguroas\u0103 a corectitudinii tuturor mesajelor \u0219i atributelor, \u00een care nu este permis\u0103 dep\u0103\u0219irea dimensiunii a\u0219teptate a atributelor \u0219i este interzis\u0103 ad\u0103ugarea de date suplimentare la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul mesajelor;\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Memorie \u0219i servicii de sistem<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen apelul de sistem clone() a fost ad\u0103ugat un flag CLONE_PIDFD, cu care, \u00een cazul \u00een care este setat, procesului p\u0103rinte i se returneaz\u0103 descriptorul de fi\u0219ier \u201epidfd\u201d, asociat cu procesul copil creat. Acest descriptor de fi\u0219ier, de exemplu, poate fi folosit pentru a trimite semnale f\u0103r\u0103 teama de a se confrunta cu o stare de competi\u021bie (imediat dup\u0103 trimiterea semnalului, PID-ul \u021bint\u0103 poate fi eliberat din cauza termin\u0103rii procesului \u0219i ocupat de un alt proces);\n<li class=\"l\"> Pentru a doua versiune a cgroup-urilor a fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 func\u021bionalitatea controlerului freezer, prin care se poate opri activitatea \u00een cgroup \u0219i elibera temporar unele resurse (CPU, intrare\/ie\u0219ire \u0219i poten\u021bial chiar memorie) pentru a efectua alte sarcini. Controlul se face prin fi\u0219ierele de control cgroup.freeze \u0219i cgroup.events din arborele cgroup. Scrierea 1 \u00een cgroup.freeze \u00eenghea\u021b\u0103 procesele din cgroup-ul curent \u0219i toate grupurile copil. Deoarece \u00eenghe\u021barea necesit\u0103 timp, a fost propus suplimentar fi\u0219ierul cgroup.events prin care se poate afla despre finalizarea opera\u021biei;\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=e1cf33aafb84\">Asigurat<\/a><\/noindex> exportul atributelor de memorie asociate fiec\u0103rui nod \u00een sysfs, ceea ce permite din spa\u021biul utilizatorului s\u0103 determine natura gestion\u0103rii b\u0103ncilor de memorie \u00een sistemele cu memorie heterogen\u0103;\n<li class=\"l\"> Sub-sistemul PSI (Pressure Stall Information) a fost \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bit, permi\u021b\u00e2nd analiza informa\u021biilor despre timpul de a\u0219teptare pentru ob\u021binerea diverselor resurse (CPU, memorie, intrare\/ie\u0219ire) pentru anumite sarcini sau seturi de procese \u00een cgroup. Prin intermediul PSI, manipulatoarele din spa\u021biul utilizator pot evalua mai precis nivelul de \u00eenc\u0103rcare a sistemului \u0219i natura \u00eencetinirii, comparativ cu Load Average. \u00cen noua versiune, a fost asigurat\u0103 suportul pentru configurarea pragurilor de sensibilitate \u0219i posibilitatea de a folosi apelul poll() pentru a primi notific\u0103ri cu privire la declan\u0219area valorilor pragurilor stabilite pe o anumit\u0103 perioad\u0103 de timp. Aceast\u0103 capacitate permite organizarea monitoriz\u0103rii lipsei de memorie \u00een Android \u00eentr-o etap\u0103 incipient\u0103, identific\u00e2nd sursa problemelor \u0219i \u00eencheind aplica\u021biile neimportante, f\u0103r\u0103 a ajunge la apari\u021bia problemelor vizibile pentru utilizatori. \u00cen cadrul test\u0103rii de stres, instrumentele de monitorizare a consumului de memorie bazate pe PSI au demonstrat de 10 ori mai pu\u021bine activ\u0103ri false \u00een compara\u021bie cu statisticile vmpressure;\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost realizat\u0103 optimizarea codului pentru verificarea programelor BPF, care pentru programele mari a \u00eenceput s\u0103 efectueze verificarea de p\u00e2n\u0103 la 20 de ori mai repede. Optimizarea a permis ridicarea limitei pentru dimensiunea programelor BPF de la 4096 la un milion de instruc\u021biuni;\n<li class=\"l\"> Pentru programele BPF <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=d859900c4c56\">a fost oferit\u0103<\/a><\/noindex> capacitatea de acces la datele globale, ceea ce permite definirea variabilelor \u0219i constantelor globale \u00een programe;\n<li class=\"l\"> Ad\u0103ugat <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/torvalds\/linux\/blob\/master\/Documentation\/bpf\/prog_cgroup_sysctl.rst\">API<\/a><\/noindex>, ceea ce permite controlul din programele BPF asupra modific\u0103rilor parametrilor sysctl;\n<li class=\"l\"> Pentru arhitectura MIPS32 a fost implementat un compilator JIT pentru ma\u0219ina virtual\u0103 eBPF;\n<li class=\"l\"> Pentru arhitectura PowerPC pe 32 de bi\u021bi a fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 suport pentru instrumentul de depanare KASan (Kernel address sanitizer), care asigur\u0103 identificarea erorilor \u00een gestionarea memoriei;\n<li class=\"l\"> Pe sistemele x86-64 a fost eliminat\u0103 limita privind plasarea dump-urilor de stare \u00een caz de crash al nucleului (crash-dump) \u00een zonele de memorie de peste 896MB;\n<li class=\"l\"> Pentru arhitectura s390 a fost implementat suport pentru randomizarea spa\u021biului de adresare al nucleului (KASLR) \u0219i posibilitatea de verificare a semn\u0103turilor digitale \u00een timpul \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103rii nucleului prin kexec_file_load();\n<li class=\"l\"> Pentru arhitectura PA-RISC a fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 suport pentru depanatorul nucleului (KGDB), etichetele de salt \u0219i kprobes;\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Echipament<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost inclus un driver <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=a1d2a6339961efc078208dc3b2f006e9e9a8e119\">Lima<\/a><\/noindex> pentru GPU Mali 400\/450, utilizat \u00een multe cipuri mai vechi bazate pe arhitectura ARM. Pentru GPU Mali mai noi a fost ad\u0103ugat driverul Panfrost, care suport\u0103 cipurile bazate pe microarhitecturile Midgard (Mali-T6xx, Mali-T7xx, Mali-T8xx) \u0219i Bifrost (Mali G3x, G5x, G7x);\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 suport pentru dispozitivele audio care folosesc firmware-uri deschise <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=48266\">Sound Open Firmware<\/a><\/noindex> (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sofproject.org\/\">SOF<\/a><\/noindex>). \u00cen ciuda existen\u021bei driverelor deschise, codul firmware-urilor pentru cipurile audio a r\u0103mas \u00een continuare \u00eenchis \u0219i livrat \u00een form\u0103 binar\u0103. Proiectul Sound Open Firmware a fost dezvoltat de Intel pentru a crea firmware-uri deschise pentru cipurile DSP legate de procesarea sunetului (ulterior, Google s-a al\u0103turat dezvolt\u0103rii). \u00cen prezent, \u00een cadrul proiectului, au fost deja preg\u0103tite firmware-uri deschise pentru cipurile audio ale platformelor Intel Baytrail, CherryTrail, Broadwell, ApolloLake, GeminiLake, CannonLake \u0219i IceLake;\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen driverul DRM Intel (i915) a fost ad\u0103ugat suport pentru cipuri<br \/>\nElkhartlake (Gen11). Au fost ad\u0103ugate identificatori PCI pentru cipurile Comet Lake (Gen9). A fost stabilizat\u0103 suportul pentru cipurile Icelake, pentru care au fost ad\u0103ugate, de asemenea, identificatori suplimentari PCI.<br \/>\n <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=d57b39e3ee3cdb4b00452090e386d197980cefc9\">Activat<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nmodul de comutare asincron \u00eentre dou\u0103 buffer-e \u00een memoria video (async flip) la efectuarea opera\u021biunilor de scriere prin mmio, ceea ce a permis o cre\u0219tere semnificativ\u0103 a performan\u021bei pentru unele aplica\u021bii 3D (de exemplu, performan\u021ba \u00een testul 3DMark Ice Storm a crescut cu 300-400%). A fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 suportul pentru tehnologia <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/HDCP\">HDCP2.2<\/a><\/noindex> (High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection) pentru criptarea semnalului video transmis prin HDMI;<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen driverul amdgpu pentru GPU Vega20 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=457109829f4ee4107e8c7108237afba21fabbb5e\">a fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103<\/a><\/noindex>  suport pentru RAS (Reliability, Availability, Serviceability) \u0219i suport experimental pentru subsistemul SMU 11, care a \u00eenlocuit tehnologia Powerplay. Pentru GPU Vega12 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=750cced1c08b5258202f29ed954513be8f38df1b\">a fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103<\/a><\/noindex> suport pentru modul BACO (Bus Active, Chip Off). A fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 suport ini\u021bial pentru XGMI, o magistral\u0103 de mare vitez\u0103 (PCIe 4.0) pentru conectarea GPU-urilor. \u00cen driverul amdkfd au fost ad\u0103ugate identificatorii lips\u0103 pentru pl\u0103cile pe baz\u0103 de GPU Polaris10;\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen driverul Nouveau a fost ad\u0103ugat suport pentru pl\u0103ci bazate pe chipset-ul NVIDIA Turing 117 (TU117, utilizat \u00een GeForce GTX 1650). \u00cen<br \/>\n kconfig <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=b30a43ac7132cdda833ac4b13dd1ebd35ace14b7\">a fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103<\/a><\/noindex> setare pentru dezactivarea func\u021biilor \u00eenvechite, care nu mai sunt utilizate \u00een versiunile actuale ale libdrm;<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen API-ul DRM \u0219i driverul amdgpu a fost ad\u0103ugat suport pentru obiecte de sincronizare \u201etimeline\u201d, care permit evitarea bloc\u0103rilor clasice.\n<li class=\"l\"> Din ramura staging a fost transferat driverul vboxvideo pentru GPU-ul virtual VirtualBox;\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat driverul aspeed pentru chip-ul GFX SoC ASPEED;\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat suportul pentru ARM SoC \u0219i pl\u0103ci Intel Agilex (SoCFPGA), NXP i.MX8MM, Allwinner (RerVision H3-DVK (H3), Oceanic 5205 5inMFD, Beelink GS2 (H6), Orange Pi 3 (H6)), Rockchip (Orange Pi RK3399, Nanopi NEO4, Veyron-Mighty Chromebook), Amlogic: SEI Robotics SEI510,<br \/>\nST Micro (stm32mp157a, stm32mp157c), NXP (<br \/>\n    Eckelmann ci4x10 (i.MX6DL),<\/p>\n<p>    i.MX8MM EVK (i.MX8MM),<\/p>\n<p>    ZII i.MX7 RPU2 (i.MX7),<\/p>\n<p>    ZII SPB4 (VF610),<\/p>\n<p>    Zii Ultra (i.MX8M),<\/p>\n<p>    TQ TQMa7S (i.MX7Solo),<\/p>\n<p>    TQ TQMa7D (i.MX7Dual),<\/p>\n<p>    Kobo Aura (i.MX50),<\/p>\n<p>    Menlosystems M53 (i.MX53)), NVIDIA Jetson Nano (Tegra T210).<\/p>\n<\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00cen acela\u0219i timp, Fondul Latino-American pentru Software Liber <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.fsfla.org\/ikiwiki\/selibre\/linux-libre\/\">a formulat<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\no variant\u0103 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.fsfla.org\/ikiwiki\/selibre\/linux-libre\/\">kernel complet liber 5.2<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/linux-libre.fsfla.org\/pub\/linux-libre\/releases\/5.2-gnu\/\">Linux-libre 5.2-gnu<\/a><\/noindex>, cur\u0103\u021bat de elemente de firmware \u0219i drivere care con\u021bin componente sau p\u0103r\u021bi de cod ne-liberate, cu domeniul de aplicare limitat de c\u0103tre produc\u0103tor. \u00cen noua versiune a fost inclus\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103rcarea fi\u0219ierelor<br \/>\nSound Open Firmware. A fost dezactivat\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103rcarea blob-urilor \u00een driverele<br \/>\n mt7615, rtw88, rtw8822b, rtw8822c, btmtksdio, iqs5xx, ishtp \u0219i ucsi_ccg. A fost actualizat codul de cur\u0103\u021bare a blob-urilor \u00een drivere \u0219i subsistemele ixp4xx, imx-sdma, amdgpu, nouveau \u0219i goya, precum \u0219i \u00een documenta\u021bia pentru microcod. Cur\u0103\u021barea blob-urilor din driverul r8822be a fost oprit\u0103 din cauza \u0219tergerii acestuia.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Sursa: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=51051\">opennet.ro<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 5.2. \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439: \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b Ext4 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0443\u0447\u0451\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0424\u0421, \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f GPU Mali 4xx\/ 6xx\/7xx, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 sysctl \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0445 BPF, device-mapper \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c dm-dust, \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a MDS, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 Sound Open Firmware \u0434\u043b\u044f DSP, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-35977","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 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