{"id":36043,"date":"2019-10-31T22:09:19","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:09:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/kak-my-probivali-velikij-kitajskij-faervol-ch-3\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:09:19","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:09:19","slug":"kak-my-probivali-velikij-kitajskij-faervol-ch-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-my-probivali-velikij-kitajskij-faervol-ch-3","title":{"rendered":"Cum am trecut peste Marele Firewall Chinezesc (partea 3)","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Bun\u0103!<br \/>\nOrice poveste bun\u0103 se termine. Iar povestea noastr\u0103 despre cum am dezvoltat o solu\u021bie pentru a trece rapid prin Firewall-ul chinezesc nu face excep\u021bie. A\u0219adar, m\u0103 gr\u0103besc s\u0103 v\u0103 \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219esc ultima, <strong>parte final\u0103<\/strong> pe aceast\u0103 tem\u0103.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00cen partea anterioar\u0103, am povestit despre numeroasele standuri de testare pe care le-am conceput \u0219i ce rezultate au avut. Ne-am oprit la idee c\u0103 ar fi bine s\u0103 ad\u0103ug\u0103m <strong>CDN!<\/strong> pentru coezivitate \u00een schema noastr\u0103.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Voi povesti cum am testat Alibaba Cloud CDN, Tencent Cloud CDN \u0219i Akamai, \u0219i pe ce am decis \u00een final. \u0218i, desigur, vom trasa concluziile.<\/p>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Cum am trecut peste Marele Firewall Chinezesc (partea 3)\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/36f7d82cfee454fafa1b1528fc36c730.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"alibaba-cloud-cdn\">Alibaba Cloud CDN<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Suntem g\u0103zdui\u021bi \u00een Alibaba Cloud, folosind IPSEC \u0219i CEN de la ei. Este logic s\u0103 \u00eencerc\u0103m mai \u00eent\u00e2i solu\u021biile lor.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Alibaba Cloud are dou\u0103 tipuri de produse care ne-ar putea interesa: <strong>CDN<\/strong> \u0219i <strong>DCDN<\/strong>. Prima op\u021biune reprezint\u0103 un CDN clasic pe un anumit domeniu (subdomeniu). A doua op\u021biune se decodific\u0103 ca <em>Dynamic Route for CDN<\/em> (pe care eu \u00eel numesc CDN dinamic), poate fi activat \u00een modul Full-site (pentru domenii wildcard), de asemenea, stocheaz\u0103 statica \u0219i accelereaz\u0103 con\u021binutul dinamic, ceea ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 dinamica paginii va fi, de asemenea, \u00eenc\u0103rcat\u0103 prin re\u021bele rapide ale furnizorului. Acest lucru este important pentru noi, deoarece site-ul nostru este \u00een principal dinamic, utilizeaz\u0103 numeroase subdomenii \u0219i este mai confortabil s\u0103 configur\u0103m CDN o singur\u0103 dat\u0103 pentru \u201estelu\u021b\u0103\u201d \u2014 *.semrushchina.cn.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Am v\u0103zut deja acest produs \u00een etapele anterioare ale proiectului nostru chinezesc, dar atunci acesta nu func\u021biona \u0219i dezvoltatorii promiteau c\u0103 produsul va deveni disponibil pentru to\u021bi clien\u021bii \u00een cur\u00e2nd. \u0218i a devenit.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00cen DCDN, putem:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>configura terminarea SSL cu propriul nostru certificat,<\/li>\n<li>activa accelera\u021bia con\u021binutului dinamic,<\/li>\n<li>configura flexibil caching-ul fi\u0219ierelor statice,<\/li>\n<li>efectua purge pe cache,<\/li>\n<li>transmite websocket-uri,<\/li>\n<li>activa compresia \u0219i chiar HTML Beautifier.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00cen general, totul este ca la marii \u0219i maturii furnizori de CDN.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Dup\u0103 ce Origin (locul unde vor merge serverele edge CDN) este specificat, r\u0103m\u00e2ne doar s\u0103 cre\u0103m un CNAME pentru stelu\u021b\u0103, referitor la <em>all.semrushchina.cn.w.kunluncan.com<\/em> (acest CNAME a fost ob\u021binut din consola Alibaba Cloud), \u0219i CDN va func\u021biona. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Conform rezultatelor testelor, acest CDN ne-a ajutat foarte mult. Statisticile sunt prezentate mai jos.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Solu\u021bie<br \/>\nUptime<br \/>\nMedie<br \/>\nPercentil\u0103 75<br \/>\nPercentil\u0103 95<\/p>\n<p>Cloudflare<br \/>\n86.6<br \/>\n18s<br \/>\n30s<br \/>\n60s<\/p>\n<p>IPsec<br \/>\n99.79<br \/>\n18s<br \/>\n21s<br \/>\n30s<\/p>\n<p>CEN<br \/>\n99.75<br \/>\n16s<br \/>\n21s<br \/>\n27s<\/p>\n<p>CEN\/IPsec + GLB<br \/>\n99.79<br \/>\n13s<br \/>\n16s<br \/>\n25s<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ali CDN + CEN\/IPsec + GLB<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>99.75<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>10s<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>12.8s<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>17.3s<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Acestea sunt rezultate foarte bune, mai ales dac\u0103 le compar\u0103m cu cifrele ini\u021biale. Dar \u0219tim c\u0103 testul din browser al versiunii americane a site-ului nostru www.semrush.com dureaz\u0103 \u00een medie 8.3s (o valoare foarte aproximativ\u0103). Avem unde s\u0103 ne \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bim. \u00cen plus, mai erau \u0219i furnizori CDN pe care ar fi fost interesant s\u0103-i test\u0103m.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Astfel, trecem treptat la un alt gigant de pe pia\u021ba din China \u2014 <strong>Tencent<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tencent-cloud\">Tencent Cloud<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Tencent \u00ee\u0219i dezvolt\u0103 abia acum cloudul \u2014 acest lucru este evident din num\u0103rul redus de produse. \u00cen timpul utiliz\u0103rii acestuia, am dorit s\u0103 test\u0103m nu doar CDN-ul lor, ci \u0219i infrastructura lor de re\u021bea \u00een general:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>au ceva similar cu CEN?<\/li>\n<li>Cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103 IPSEC? Este rapid, care este uptime-ul?<\/li>\n<li>Au Anycast?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Cum am trecut peste Marele Firewall Chinezesc (partea 3)\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/a0af3f5cff85056cb322e0a64ae079b5.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Vom analiza aceste \u00eentreb\u0103ri separat.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h4 id=\"analog-cen\">Echivalentul CEN<\/h4>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Tencent are un produs <strong>Cloud Connect Network<\/strong> (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/intl.cloud.tencent.com\/product\/ccn\">CCN<\/a><\/noindex>), care permite conectarea \u00eentre VPC-uri din diferite regiuni, inclusiv regiuni din China \u0219i din afara acesteia. Produsul este acum \u00een beta intern\u0103, iar pentru a te conecta, trebuie s\u0103 creezi un tichet de solicitare. De la suport am aflat c\u0103 conturile globale (nu ne referim la cet\u0103\u021benii Chinei \u0219i la persoanele juridice) nu pot participa \u00een programul de testare beta \u0219i, \u00een general, nu pot conecta o regiune din China cu o regiune din afara acesteia. 1-0 \u00een favoarea Ali Cloud<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h4 id=\"ipsec\">IPSEC<\/h4>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Cea mai sudic\u0103 regiune a Tencent este \u2014 <em>Guangzhou<\/em>. Am creat un tunel \u0219i l-am conectat cu regiunea Hong Kong din GCP (pe atunci, aceast\u0103 regiune devenise deja disponibil\u0103). De asemenea, am ridicat simultan un al doilea tunel \u00een Ali Cloud din Shenzhen \u00een Hong Kong. S-a dovedit c\u0103 prin re\u021beaua Tencent, laten\u021ba c\u0103tre Hong Kong este \u00een general mai bun\u0103 (10ms) dec\u00e2t din Shenzhen \u00een Hong Kong \u00een Ali (120ms \u2014 what?). Dar acest lucru nu a accelerat deloc func\u021bionarea site-ului destinat s\u0103 opereze prin Tencent \u0219i acest tunel, ceea ce era un fapt surprinz\u0103tor \u0219i dovedea \u00eenc\u0103 odat\u0103 urm\u0103torul lucru: laten\u021ba \u2014 pentru China nu este un indicator la care ar trebui s\u0103 ne concentr\u0103m \u00een timpul dezvolt\u0103rii solu\u021biei de ocolire a firewall-ului chinezesc.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h4 id=\"anycast-internet-acceleration\">Anycast Internet Acceleration<\/h4>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Un alt produs care permite operarea prin IP anycast \u2014 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/intl.cloud.tencent.com\/product\/aia\">AIA<\/a><\/noindex>. Dar acesta este, de asemenea, inaccesibil pentru conturile globale, a\u0219a c\u0103 nu voi vorbi despre el, dar este bine de \u0219tiut c\u0103 exist\u0103 un astfel de produs.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Testul CDN a ar\u0103tat rezultate destul de interesante. CDN-ul Tencent nu poate fi activat pentru \u00eentregul site, ci doar pentru domenii specifice. Am creat domenii \u0219i am redirec\u021bionat trafic c\u0103tre ele:<\/p>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Cum am trecut peste Marele Firewall Chinezesc (partea 3)\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/a4931750f0cb79fbae7ec1217eab4fac.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Se pare c\u0103 acest CDN are func\u021bia urm\u0103toare: <strong>Optimizarea Traficului Transfrontalier<\/strong>. Aceast\u0103 caracteristic\u0103 ar trebui s\u0103 reduc\u0103 costurile de trecere a traficului prin firewall-ul chinezesc. Ca \u0219i <em>Origin<\/em> a fost specificat adresa IP a GLB (GLB anycast) de la Google. Astfel, am dorit s\u0103 simplific\u0103m arhitectura proiectului.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Rezultatele au fost foarte bune \u2014 la nivelul Ali Cloud CDN, iar \u00een unele cazuri chiar mai bune. Este uimitor, deoarece \u00een cazul succesului testelor, am putea renun\u021ba la o parte semnificativ\u0103 a infrastructurii, tunelurilor, CEN, ma\u0219inilor virtuale etc. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ne-am bucurat de pu\u021bin timp, deoarece a ap\u0103rut o problem\u0103: testele \u00een Catchpoint au e\u0219uat pentru furnizorul de internet China Mobile. Din orice loca\u021bie ob\u021bineam timeout prin CDN-ul Tencent. Corespondenta cu suportul tehnic nu a dus la nimic. Aproape o zi am \u00eencercat s\u0103 rezolv\u0103m aceast\u0103 problem\u0103, dar nu am reu\u0219it. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00cen acel moment m\u0103 aflam \u00een China, dar nu am reu\u0219it s\u0103 g\u0103sesc Wi-Fi public \u00een re\u021beaua acestui furnizor pentru a verifica problema personal. \u00cen rest, totul p\u0103rea rapid \u0219i bun.<br \/>\nCu toate acestea, deoarece operatorul China Mobile face parte din cei trei cei mai mari operatori, am fost nevoi\u021bi s\u0103 redirec\u021bion\u0103m traficul c\u0103tre Ali CDN.<br \/>\nDar \u00een general, a fost o solu\u021bie destul de interesant\u0103, care merit\u0103 o testare \u0219i o rezolvare mai extins\u0103 a acestei probleme.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"akamai\">Akamai<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ultimul furnizor CDN pe care l-am testat este <strong>Akamai<\/strong>. Este un furnizor uria\u0219 care are propria re\u021bea \u00een China. Desigur, nu am putut s\u0103-l ignor\u0103m.<\/p>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Cum am trecut peste Marele Firewall Chinezesc (partea 3)\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/34657ab2d5da8509285f5c99401b7603.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>De la bun \u00eenceput, ne-am \u00een\u021beles cu Akamai pentru o perioad\u0103 de testare, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t s\u0103 putem schimba domeniul \u0219i s\u0103 vedem cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een re\u021beaua lor. Voi descrie rezultatul testelor sub forma \u201cCe ne-a pl\u0103cut\u201d \u0219i \u201cCe nu ne-a pl\u0103cut\u201d, precum \u0219i rezultatele testelor.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Ce ne-a pl\u0103cut:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Echipa de la Akamai ne-a ajutat foarte mult cu toate \u00eentreb\u0103rile \u0219i ne-a \u00eenso\u021bit \u00een toate etapele test\u0103rii. \u00cen mod constant \u00eencercau s\u0103 \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021beasc\u0103 ceva de partea lor. Ne-au oferit sfaturi tehnice bune.<\/li>\n<li>Akamai func\u021bioneaz\u0103 cu aproximativ 10-15% mai \u00eencet dec\u00e2t solu\u021bia noastr\u0103 prin Ali Cloud CDN. Impresionant este c\u0103 pentru Akamai am specificat adresa IP a GLB, deci traficul nu trecea prin solu\u021bia noastr\u0103 (poten\u021bial putem renun\u021ba la o parte din infrastructur\u0103). Dar totu\u0219i, rezultatele testelor au ar\u0103tat c\u0103 aceast\u0103 solu\u021bie este mai slab\u0103 dec\u00e2t varianta noastr\u0103 actual\u0103 (rezultatele comparative sunt mai jos).<\/li>\n<li>A fost testat at\u00e2t ca Origin GLB, c\u00e2t \u0219i ca Origin \u00een China. Ambele variante sunt aproximativ aceea\u0219i.<\/li>\n<li>Exist\u0103 <em>Sure Route<\/em> (optimizarea automat\u0103 a rutelor). Po\u021bi plasa un obiect de test pe Origin, iar serverele Edge Akamai vor \u00eencerca s\u0103-l preia (GET obi\u0219nuit). Pentru aceste cereri, se m\u0103soar\u0103 viteza \u0219i alte metrici, pe baza c\u0103rora re\u021beaua Akamai \u00ee\u0219i optimizeaz\u0103 rutele, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t traficul s\u0103 ruleze mai repede pentru site-ul nostru \u0219i s\u0103 se observe c\u0103 activarea acestei func\u021bii a avut un impact semnificativ asupra vitezei de func\u021bionare a site-ului.<\/li>\n<li>Versionarea configura\u021biei \u00een interfa\u021ba web este grozav\u0103. Po\u021bi face Comparare pentru versiuni, po\u021bi vizualiza diferen\u021bele. Po\u021bi consulta versiunile anterioare.<\/li>\n<li>Po\u021bi lansa o nou\u0103 versiune ini\u021bial doar pe re\u021beaua de staging Akamai \u2014 aceea\u0219i re\u021bea ca \u0219i produc\u021bia, doar c\u0103 acest drum nu afecteaz\u0103 utilizatorii reali. Pentru acest test, trebuie s\u0103 faci o simulare a \u00eenregistr\u0103rilor DNS pe ma\u0219ina local\u0103.<\/li>\n<li>Vitez\u0103 de \u00eenc\u0103rcare foarte rapid\u0103 prin re\u021beaua lor de fi\u0219iere statice mari, dar \u0219i a altor fi\u0219iere. Fi\u0219ierul din cache-ul \u201erece\u201d este preluat de c\u00e2teva ori mai repede dec\u00e2t acela\u0219i fi\u0219ier din cache-ul \u201erece\u201d Ali CDN. Din cache-ul \u201ecald\u201d, viteza este deja cam la fel.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Test Ali CDN:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">root@shenzhen1:~# curl -o \/dev\/null -w@curl_time https:\/\/en.semrushchina.cn\/my_reports\/build\/scripts\/simpleInit.js?v=1551879212\n  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current\n                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed\n100 5757k    0 5757k    0     0   513k      0 --:--:--  0:00:11 --:--:--  526k\ntime_namelookup:  0.004286\ntime_connect:  0.030107\ntime_appconnect:  0.117525\ntime_pretransfer:  0.117606\ntime_redirect:  0.000000\ntime_starttransfer:  0.840348\n----------\ntime_total:  11.208119\n----------\nsize_download:  5895467 Bytes\nspeed_download:  525999.000B\/s<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Test Akamai:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">root@shenzhen1:~# curl -o \/dev\/null -w@curl_time https:\/\/www.semrushchina.cn\/my_reports\/build\/scripts\/simpleInit.js?v=1551879212\n  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current\n                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed\n100 5757k    0 5757k    0     0  1824k      0 --:--:--  0:00:03 --:--:-- 1825k\ntime_namelookup:  0.509005\ntime_connect:  0.528261\ntime_appconnect:  0.577235\ntime_pretransfer:  0.577324\ntime_redirect:  0.000000\ntime_starttransfer:  1.327013\n----------\ntime_total:  3.154850\n----------\nsize_download:  5895467 Bytes\nspeed_download:  1868699.000B\/s<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Am observat c\u0103 situa\u021bia din exemplul de mai sus depinde de diferite factori. La momentul redact\u0103rii acestui punct, am efectuat testul din nou. Rezultatele pentru ambele platforme s-au dovedit a fi cam identice. Acest lucru ne spune c\u0103 internetul \u00een China, chiar \u0219i pentru marii operatori \u0219i furnizorii de cloud, se comport\u0103 din c\u00e2nd \u00een c\u00e2nd diferit.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>La punctul anterior adaug un mare plus pentru Akamai: dac\u0103 la Ali se observ\u0103 astfel de izbucniri de performan\u021b\u0103 \u00eenalt\u0103 \u0219i foarte sc\u0103zut\u0103 (acest lucru se refer\u0103 at\u00e2t la Ali CDN, c\u00e2t \u0219i la Ali CEN, \u0219i Ali IPSEC), la Akamai, de fiecare dat\u0103 c\u00e2nd am testat re\u021beaua lor, totul func\u021bioneaz\u0103 stabil.<br \/>\nAkamai are \u00eentr-adev\u0103r o acoperire mare \u00een China \u0219i colaboreaz\u0103 cu mul\u021bi furnizori.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Ce nu mi-a pl\u0103cut:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nu-mi place interfa\u021ba web \u0219i schema de func\u021bionare \u2013 sunt oarecum dezorganizate. Dar, \u00een principiu, te obi\u0219nuie\u0219ti (probabil).<\/li>\n<li>Rezultatele testelor sunt mai slabe dec\u00e2t ale site-ului nostru.<\/li>\n<li>Erorile \u00een teste sunt mai frecvente dec\u00e2t pe site-ul nostru (uptime mai sc\u0103zut).<\/li>\n<li>Nu au servere DNS proprii \u00een China. Din aceast\u0103 cauz\u0103, exist\u0103 multe erori \u00een teste din cauza timeout-ului la rezolvarea DNS.<\/li>\n<li>Nu ofer\u0103 propriile range-uri IP -&gt; nu exist\u0103 posibilitatea de a configura corect <em>set_real_ip_from<\/em> pe serverele noastre.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Metrici (~3626 execu\u021bii; toate metricile, cu excep\u021bia Uptime, \u00een ms; statistici pentru un singur interval de timp):<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Provider CDN<br \/>\nMedie<br \/>\n75%<br \/>\n95%<br \/>\nResponse<br \/>\nR\u0103spunsul paginii web<br \/>\nUptime<br \/>\nDNS<br \/>\nConectare<br \/>\nWait<br \/>\nLoad<br \/>\nSSL<\/p>\n<p>Ali CDN<br \/>\n9195<br \/>\n10749<br \/>\n17489<br \/>\n1,715<br \/>\n10,745<br \/>\n99.531<br \/>\n57<br \/>\n17<br \/>\n927<br \/>\n479<br \/>\n200<\/p>\n<p>Akamai<br \/>\n9783<br \/>\n11887<br \/>\n19888<br \/>\n2,352<br \/>\n11,550<br \/>\n98.980<br \/>\n424<br \/>\n91<br \/>\n1408<br \/>\n381<br \/>\n50<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Distribu\u021bia pe Percentil\u0103 (\u00een ms):<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Percentil\u0103<br \/>\nAkamai<br \/>\nAli CDN<\/p>\n<p>10<br \/>\n7,092<br \/>\n6,942<\/p>\n<p>20<br \/>\n7,775<br \/>\n7,583<\/p>\n<p>30<br \/>\n8,446<br \/>\n8,092<\/p>\n<p>40<br \/>\n9,146<br \/>\n8,596<\/p>\n<p>50<br \/>\n9,783<br \/>\n9,195<\/p>\n<p>60<br \/>\n10,497<br \/>\n9,770<\/p>\n<p>70<br \/>\n11,371<br \/>\n10,383<\/p>\n<p>80<br \/>\n12,670<br \/>\n11,255<\/p>\n<p>90<br \/>\n15,882<br \/>\n13,165<\/p>\n<p>100<br \/>\n91,592<br \/>\n91,596<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Concluzia este c\u0103 op\u021biunea cu Akamai este viabil\u0103, dar nu ofer\u0103 acelea\u0219i niveluri de stabilitate \u0219i vitez\u0103 ca solu\u021bia noastr\u0103 proprie \u00eempreun\u0103 cu Ali CDN.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"malenkie-zametki\">Note mici<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Anumite aspecte nu au fost incluse \u00een nara\u021biune, dar mi-ar pl\u0103cea s\u0103 scriu \u0219i despre ele.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"pekin--tokio-i-gonkong\">Peking + Tokyo \u0219i Hong Kong<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>A\u0219a cum am men\u021bionat mai sus, am testat un tunel IPSEC p\u00e2n\u0103 la Hong Kong (HK). Dar am testat \u0219i CEN p\u00e2n\u0103 la HK. Este pu\u021bin mai ieftin \u0219i a fost interesant de v\u0103zut cum va func\u021biona \u00eentre ora\u0219e situate la ~100 km distan\u021b\u0103. A fost interesant c\u0103 laten\u021ba \u00eentre aceste ora\u0219e este cu 100 ms mai mare dec\u00e2t \u00een varianta noastr\u0103 ini\u021bial\u0103 (p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een Taiwan). Viteza \u0219i stabilitatea au fost, de asemenea, mai bune pentru Taiwan. \u00cen final, am p\u0103strat HK ca regiune de backup pentru IPSEC.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00cen plus, am \u00eencercat s\u0103 implement\u0103m o astfel de instalare:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>terminarea clien\u021bilor \u00een Beijing,<\/li>\n<li>IPSEC \u0219i CEN p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een Tokyo,<\/li>\n<li>unde Ali CDN a fost indicat ca server origin \u00een Beijing.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Aceast\u0103 schem\u0103 nu a fost at\u00e2t de stabil\u0103, de\u0219i \u00een termeni de vitez\u0103 nu a cedat solu\u021biei noastre. C\u00e2t despre tunel, am v\u0103zut c\u0103 exist\u0103 c\u0103deri periodice chiar \u0219i pentru CEN, care ar trebui s\u0103 fie stabil. A\u0219a c\u0103 ne-am \u00eentors la vechea schem\u0103 \u0219i am desfiin\u021bat aceast\u0103 etap\u0103.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Mai jos este statisticile privind laten\u021ba \u00eentre diferite regiuni pe diferite canale. Poate c\u0103 va fi interesant pentru cineva.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><em>IPsec<\/em><br \/>\nAli cn-beijing  GCP asia-northeast1 \u2014 193ms<br \/>\nAli cn-shenzhen  GCP asia-east2 \u2014 91ms<br \/>\nAli cn-shenzhen  GCP us-east4 \u2014 200ms<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><em>CEN<\/em><br \/>\nAli cn-beijing  Ali ap-northeast-1 \u2014 54ms (!)<br \/>\nAli cn-shenzhen  Ali cn-hongkong \u2014 6ms (!)<br \/>\nAli cn-shenzhen  Ali us-east1 \u2014 216ms<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"obschaya-informaciya-pro-internet-v-kitae\">Informa\u021bii generale despre internetul din China<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ca o completare a problemelor cu internetul, descris\u0103 la \u00eenceput, \u00een prima parte a articolului.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Internetul \u00een China func\u021bioneaz\u0103 destul de repede pe interior.\n<ul>\n<li>Concluzia a fost f\u0103cut\u0103 pe baza test\u0103rii re\u021belelor Wi-Fi publice \u00een diverse loca\u021bii, unde aceste re\u021bele sunt utilizate de un num\u0103r mare de oameni.<\/li>\n<li>Viteza de desc\u0103rcare \u0219i \u00eenc\u0103rcare pe serverele din China a fost de aproximativ 20 Mbps, respectiv 5-10 Mbps.<\/li>\n<li>Viteza c\u0103tre serverele din afara Chinei este pur \u0219i simplu nesemnificativ\u0103, sub 1 Mbps.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Internetul \u00een China nu este foarte stabil.\n<ul>\n<li>Uneori site-urile se pot deschide rapid, alteori \u00eencet (\u00een aceea\u0219i perioad\u0103 a zilei, \u00een zile diferite), cu condi\u021bia ca configura\u021bia s\u0103 nu se schimbe. Acest lucru a fost observat pe semrushchina.cn. Acesta poate fi atribuit lui Ali CDN, care func\u021bioneaz\u0103 de asemenea variabil \u00een func\u021bie de ora din zi, pozi\u021bia stelelor etc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Internetul mobil este practic 4G sau 4G+ aproape peste tot. Se poate conecta \u00een metrou, \u00een lifturi \u2014 adic\u0103, peste tot.<\/li>\n<li>C\u0103 utilizatorii chinezi cred doar \u00een domeniile din zona .cn este un mit. Am aflat acest lucru direct de la utilizatori.\n<ul>\n<li>Se poate vedea cum <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/baidu.cn\">http:\/\/baidu.cn<\/a><\/noindex> redirecteaz\u0103 c\u0103tre www.baidu.com (\u0219i \u00een mainland China de asemenea).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Multe resurse sunt \u00eentr-adev\u0103r blocate. Simplificat: google.com, Facebook, Twitter. Dar multe resurse Google func\u021bioneaz\u0103 (bine\u00een\u021beles, nu pe toate Wi-Fi-urile \u0219i VPN-ul nu este folosit (de asemenea, pe partea routerului este clar)).<\/li>\n<li>Multe domenii \u201etehnice\u201d ale corpora\u021biilor blocate func\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u0219i ele. Aceasta \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 nu \u00eentotdeauna trebuie s\u0103 elimin\u0103m f\u0103r\u0103 discern\u0103m\u00e2nt toate resursele Google \u0219i alte resurse care par blocate. Trebuie s\u0103 c\u0103ut\u0103m un fel de list\u0103 cu domeniile interzise.<\/li>\n<li>Au doar trei operatori principali de internet: China Unicom, China Telecom, China Mobile. Exist\u0103 \u0219i altele mai mici, dar cota lor pe pia\u021b\u0103 este nesemnificativ\u0103.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"bonus-itogovaya-shema-resheniya\">Bonus: schema final\u0103 a solu\u021biei<\/h3>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Cum am trecut peste Marele Firewall Chinezesc (partea 3)\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/ec9c09dbbad1c3f002920d875a5079d7.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"itog\">Rezultatul<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>A trecut un an de la \u00eenceputul proiectului. Am \u00eenceput cu faptul c\u0103 site-ul nostru refuza cu totul s\u0103 func\u021bioneze normal din China, pur \u0219i simplu un GET curl dura 5.5 secunde. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Apoi, cu aceste rezultate la prima solu\u021bie (Cloudflare):<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Solu\u021bie<br \/>\nUptime<br \/>\nMedie<br \/>\nPercentil\u0103 75<br \/>\nPercentil\u0103 95<\/p>\n<p>Cloudflare<br \/>\n86.6<br \/>\n18s<br \/>\n30s<br \/>\n60s<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00cen final am ajuns la aceste rezultate (statisticile din ultima lun\u0103):<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Solu\u021bie<br \/>\nUptime<br \/>\nMedie<br \/>\nPercentil\u0103 75<br \/>\nPercentil\u0103 95<\/p>\n<p>Ali CDN + CEN\/IPsec + GLB<br \/>\n99.86<br \/>\n8.8s<br \/>\n9.5s<br \/>\n13.7s<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Dup\u0103 cum se vede, nu am reu\u0219it \u00eenc\u0103 s\u0103 atingem un uptime de 100%, dar vom g\u0103si o solu\u021bie \u0219i apoi v\u0103 vom spune despre rezultate \u00eentr-un nou articol :)<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Respect pentru cei care au citit toate cele trei p\u0103r\u021bi p\u00e2n\u0103 la cap\u0103t. Sper c\u0103 v-a fost la fel de interesant ca \u0219i mie \u00een timpul redact\u0103rii acestora.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"ps-predyduschie-chasti\">P.S. P\u0103r\u021bile anterioare<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/semrush\/blog\/458602\/\">Partea 1<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/semrush\/blog\/458840\/\">Partea 2<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/semrush\/blog\/459024\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442! \u041b\u044e\u0431\u044b\u0435 \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f. \u0418 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0442\u043e, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0443\u043c\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u041a\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0424\u0430\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0430, \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0448\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439, \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u0443 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443. \u0412 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0432, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044b \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438. \u0418 \u043c\u044b \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0445\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":26947,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36043","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442! 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