{"id":36158,"date":"2019-10-31T22:09:55","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:09:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/pingvin-v-okne-o-potentsiale-i-perspektivah-wsl2\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:09:55","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:09:55","slug":"pingvin-v-okne-o-potentsiale-i-perspektivah-wsl2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/pingvin-v-okne-o-potentsiale-i-perspektivah-wsl2","title":{"rendered":"Pinguinul \u00een fereastr\u0103: despre poten\u021bialul \u0219i perspectivele WSL2","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Salut, Habr!<\/p>\n

\u00cen timp ce continua reducerea de var\u0103<\/a><\/noindex>, dorim s\u0103 v\u0103 propunem s\u0103 discut\u0103m despre unul dintre cele mai ample subiecte pe care le dezvolt\u0103m \u00een ultima vreme \u2014 interac\u021biunea dintre Windows \u0219i Linux, legat\u0103 \u00een special de evolu\u021bia sistemului WSL<\/a><\/noindex>. WSL 2 se apropie, iar aten\u021biei dumneavoastr\u0103 i se ofer\u0103 un rezumat scurt al posibilit\u0103\u021bilor care ne a\u0219teapt\u0103 \u00een aceast\u0103 subsistem\u0103, precum \u0219i previziuni pentru integrarea viitoare dintre Windows \u0219i Linux.<\/p>\n

\"Pinguinul
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\n\u00cen mai anul acesta, compania Microsoft a anun\u021bat c\u0103 WSL2, cea mai recent\u0103 versiune a subsistemului Windows pentru Linux, va func\u021biona pe un nucleu Linux complet, construit de companie.
\nAstfel, Microsoft include pentru prima dat\u0103 \u00een Windows un nucleu Linux ca unul dintre componentele sale. De asemenea, Microsoft introduce un nou terminal Windows, care va extinde capacit\u0103\u021bile PowerShell \u0219i WSL.<\/p>\n

At\u00e2t nucleul Linux pentru WSL2, creat cu ajutorul Microsoft, c\u00e2t \u0219i noul terminal Windows sunt interesante, \u00een primul r\u00e2nd, pentru dezvoltatori. <\/p>\n

\u201eAceasta este cea mai puternic\u0103 mi\u0219care \u00een partida \u00eempotriva AWS\u201d, observ\u0103 Joshua Schwartz, \u0219eful programelor de digitalizare la compania de consultan\u021b\u0103 A.T. Kearney.<\/p>\n

Viitorul Microsoft nu este legat de pia\u021ba PC-urilor, de\u0219i va men\u021bine \u00een continuare o pozi\u021bie ferm\u0103 \u00een acest segment. Mult mai important va fi s\u0103 se stabilizeze pe pia\u021ba cloud, una dintre componentele c\u0103reia ar putea fi, \u00een viitor, \u0219i desktop-urile.<\/p>\n

Ce face WSL2<\/h4>\n

\nWSL2 este cea mai recent\u0103 infrastructur\u0103 a subsistemului Windows pentru Linux. Aceasta permite o cre\u0219tere radical\u0103 a performan\u021bei sistemului de fi\u0219iere \u0219i asigur\u0103 compatibilitatea total\u0103 cu apelurile de sistem. <\/p>\n

Una dintre principalele solicit\u0103ri ale comunit\u0103\u021bii WSL a fost legat\u0103 de \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bii. Pe WSL2 func\u021bioneaz\u0103 mult mai multe instrumente pentru Linux dec\u00e2t pe WSL, \u00een special, Docker \u0219i FUSE.
\nWSL2 gestioneaz\u0103 opera\u021biuni intensive de fi\u0219iere, \u00een special git clone, npm install, apt update \u0219i apt upgrade. Cre\u0219terea efectiv\u0103 a vitezei depinde de aplica\u021bia specific\u0103 \u0219i de modul \u00een care aceasta interac\u021bioneaz\u0103 cu sistemul de fi\u0219iere.<\/p>\n

Primele teste au ar\u0103tat c\u0103 WSL2 este de aproximativ 20 de ori mai rapid dec\u00e2t WSL1 \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te dezarhivarea tar din zip. La utilizarea git clone, npm install \u0219i cmake \u00een diferite proiecte, sistemul a ar\u0103tat o cre\u0219tere a performan\u021bei de dou\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la cinci ori.<\/p>\n

Va ajuta acest lucru s\u0103 c\u00e2\u0219tige \u00eencrederea dezvoltatorilor?<\/h4>\n

\n\u00cen esen\u021b\u0103, Microsoft \u00ee\u0219i dore\u0219te recunoa\u0219tere \u0219i \u00eencredere \u00een comunitatea dezvoltatorilor, angaj\u00e2ndu-se \u00een dezvoltarea propriei versiuni a nucleului Linux pentru a sus\u021bine procesele WSL2 \u2013 consider\u0103 Cody Swann, CEO la Gunner Technology.<\/p>\n

\u201eDac\u0103 excludem dezvolt\u0103rile strict pentru Windows, crearea tuturor celorlalte aplica\u021bii \u2013 cloud, mobile, aplica\u021bii web \u2013 pe PC a fost extrem de incomod\u0103, din cauza c\u0103reia dezvoltatorul a fost nevoit s\u0103 \u00eencarce o distribu\u021bie Linux paralel cu sistemul de operare Windows. Microsoft a recunoscut acest lucru \u0219i a propus o solu\u021bie,\u201d conchide el.<\/p>\n

Este pu\u021bin probabil ca introducerea propriului nucleu Linux s\u0103 aib\u0103 un impact serios asupra interac\u021biunii cu sistemul din perspectiva utilizatorului obi\u0219nuit. Totu\u0219i, \u00een acest caz, se deschid oportunit\u0103\u021bi pentru o colaborare mai str\u00e2ns\u0103 \u00eentre serviciile Microsoft \u0219i sistemul de operare Linux.
\nAceast\u0103 mi\u0219care din partea Microsoft este \u00eentr-adev\u0103r foarte inteligent\u0103, deoarece ajut\u0103 la un angajament mai profund \u00een comunitatea dezvoltatorilor, precum \u0219i la utilizarea activ\u0103 a produselor dezvoltate de al\u021bii \u2013 adic\u0103, la conectarea la open-source \u2013 consider\u0103 Swann.<\/p>\n

Bine a\u021bi venit la New Microsoft<\/h4>\n

\nTendin\u021ba de a crea \u0219i sus\u021bine un nucleu Linux \u201especial pentru Windows\u201d reflect\u0103 o direc\u021bie hot\u0103r\u00e2t\u0103 \u00een dezvoltarea c\u0103tre open-source, promovat\u0103 de CEO-ul Satya Nadella. Microsoft nu mai este aceea\u0219i companie care era pe vremea lui Gates \u0219i Ballmer, c\u00e2nd totul era p\u0103strat \u00een spatele unui gard proprietar, iar interoperabilitatea nu se punea \u00een discu\u021bie.<\/p>\n

\u201eSatya a transformat complet Microsoft \u00eentr-o platform\u0103 mult mai modern\u0103, iar aceast\u0103 strategie s-a dovedit extrem de profitabil\u0103. Salut, capitalizare \u00een triliarde de dolari,\u201d spune Schwartz.<\/p>\n

Conform lui Charles King, analist principal la Pund-IT, cele dou\u0103 principale calit\u0103\u021bi ale Microsoft sunt eficien\u021ba \u0219i securitatea.<\/p>\n

\u201eFolosind activ propriile resurse \u0219i instrumente valoroase, compania poate garanta clien\u021bilor c\u0103 nucleul va fi complet actualizat \u0219i dotat cu cele mai recente patch-uri \u0219i corecturi, asigur\u00e2nd astfel o securitate total\u0103,\u201d adaug\u0103 el.<\/p>\n

Dezvoltatorii beneficiaz\u0103 de asemenea<\/h4>\n

\nFi\u0219ierele binare Linux \u00eendeplinesc multe func\u021bii prin intermediul apelurilor de sistem, cum ar fi accesarea fi\u0219ierelor, solicitarea memoriei \u0219i crearea proceselor. WSL1 se bazeaz\u0103 pe un strat de traducere care interpreteaz\u0103 multe dintre aceste apeluri de sistem \u0219i le permite s\u0103 interac\u021bioneze cu nucleul Windows NT.<\/p>\n

Cea mai dificil\u0103 parte este implementarea tuturor apelurilor de sistem. Deoarece \u00een WSL1 acest lucru nu a fost realizat, unele aplica\u021bii nu puteau func\u021biona acolo. \u00cen WSL2 apar multe noi aplica\u021bii care func\u021bioneaz\u0103 corect \u00een acest mediu.<\/p>\n

Noua arhitectur\u0103 permite Microsoft s\u0103 introduc\u0103 cele mai recente optimiz\u0103ri \u00een nucleul Linux mult mai repede dec\u00e2t \u00een cazul WSL1. Microsoft poate actualiza nucleul WSL2, f\u0103r\u0103 a realimenta toate limit\u0103rile de la \u00eenceput. <\/p>\n

Instrument complet open-source<\/h4>\n

\nDezvoltarea propriului nucleu Linux de c\u0103tre Microsoft a fost culminarea unei munci de ani de zile efectuate de Linux Systems Group, precum \u0219i de multe alte echipe din \u00eentreaga corpora\u021bie Microsoft \u2013 afirm\u0103 Jack Hammons, manager de programe \u00een Linux Systems Group, Microsoft.<\/p>\n

Nucleul furnizat pentru WSL2 va fi complet open-source, iar Microsoft va publica pe GitHub instruc\u021biuni despre cum s\u0103 construie\u0219ti un astfel de nucleu. Compania va colabora cu dezvoltatori care doresc s\u0103 ajute proiectul \u0219i va stimula modific\u0103rile ascendente.<\/p>\n

Dezvoltatorii Microsoft au creat WSL2 folosind sisteme de integrare continu\u0103 \u0219i livrare continu\u0103 care func\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een cadrul companiei. Acest software va fi \u00eentre\u021binut prin intermediul sistemului de actualiz\u0103ri Windows \u0219i va fi complet transparent pentru utilizator. Nucleul va r\u0103m\u00e2ne actualizat \u0219i va include toate capacit\u0103\u021bile celei mai recente ramuri stabile a Linux.<\/p>\n

Pentru a asigura accesibilitatea codului surs\u0103, compania cloneaz\u0103 local repozitoriile \u0219i monitorizeaz\u0103 constant con\u021binutul listei de discu\u021bii Linux pentru probleme de securitate \u0219i colaboreaz\u0103 cu mai multe companii care sprijin\u0103 func\u021bionarea bazelor de date \u00een medii virtuale corporative (CVE). Astfel, se garanteaz\u0103 c\u0103 nucleul Linux de la Microsoft va include cele mai recente actualiz\u0103ri \u0219i va elimina toate amenin\u021b\u0103rile emergente.<\/p>\n

Modific\u0103rile ascendente devin obligatorii<\/h4>\n

\nMicrosoft garanteaz\u0103 c\u0103 toate modific\u0103rile nucleului vor fi distribuite \u00een direc\u021bia ascendent\u0103 - acesta este un aspect important al filozofiei Linux. Suportul pentru patch-uri descendente este asociat cu complexitate suplimentar\u0103; \u00een plus, aceast\u0103 practic\u0103 nu este acceptat\u0103 \u00een mod obi\u0219nuit \u00een comunitatea de dezvoltare liber\u0103.<\/p>\n

Obiectivul Microsoft, care folose\u0219te activ Linux, este s\u0103 devin\u0103 un membru disciplinat al acestei comunit\u0103\u021bi \u0219i s\u0103 fac\u0103 modific\u0103rile aduse disponibile pentru comunitate. Pentru a ob\u021bine stabilitate \u00een ramurile legate de suport pe termen lung, unele patch-uri - de exemplu, cele care con\u021bin noi func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bi - pot fi incluse doar \u00een versiunile noi ale nucleului, \u0219i nu portate \u00een versiunea curent\u0103 LTS \u00een modul de compatibilitate invers\u0103.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2nd sursele nucleului WSL vor fi disponibile, acestea vor consta din linkuri c\u0103tre un set de patch-uri \u0219i dintr-o parte stabil\u0103 de lung\u0103 durat\u0103 a surselor. Microsoft sper\u0103 c\u0103, \u00een timp, aceast\u0103 list\u0103 se va diminua, pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce patch-urile sunt distribuite \u00een direc\u021bia ascendent\u0103, iar noi patch-uri locale vor fi ad\u0103ugate pentru a sprijini noile capacit\u0103\u021bi WSL. <\/p>\n

Oferire mai pl\u0103cut\u0103 a ferestrelor<\/h4>\n

\nMicrosoft a anun\u021bat, de asemenea, lansarea versiunii \u201eiarna\u201d a Windows Terminal - o nou\u0103 aplica\u021bie destinat\u0103 utilizatorilor care lucreaz\u0103 cu instrumente pentru linia de comand\u0103 \u0219i shell-uri, \u00een special Command Prompt, PowerShell \u0219i WSL.<\/p>\n

\"Pinguinul
\n
\nTerminal Windows<\/i><\/p>\n

Windows Terminal 1.0 ofer\u0103 o multitudine de op\u021biuni de configurare \u0219i setare, oferind un control mai complet asupra aspectului ferestrei terminalului, precum \u0219i asupra shell-urilor\/profielor care trebuie deschise ca tab-uri noi.<\/p>\n

Set\u0103rile vor fi p\u0103strate \u00eentr-un fi\u0219ier text structurat, ceea ce le va face u\u0219or de configurat \u0219i de personalizat aspectul ferestrei terminalului dup\u0103 bunul plac.<\/p>\n

Microsoft opre\u0219te dezvoltarea consolei Windows existente \u0219i creeaz\u0103 una nou\u0103 de la zero, aleg\u00e2nd s\u0103 aplice o abordare nou\u0103. Windows Terminal se instaleaz\u0103 \u0219i func\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een paralel cu aplica\u021bia Windows Console existent\u0103, livrat\u0103 \u201edin cutie\u201d.<\/p>\n

Cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103<\/h4>\n

\nC\u00e2nd un utilizator Windows 10 lanseaz\u0103 direct Cmd\/PowerShell\/etc., se activeaz\u0103 un proces ata\u0219at la o instan\u021b\u0103 obi\u0219nuit\u0103 a Consolului. Mecanismul de configurare a noului terminal permite utilizatorilor Windows s\u0103 creeze mai multe profile pentru toate shell-urile\/aplica\u021biile\/uneltele dorite, fie c\u0103 este vorba de PowerShell, linia de comand\u0103, Ubuntu, sau chiar \u00een conexiuni SSH cu Azure sau dispozitive IoT.<\/p>\n

Aceste profile pot include combina\u021bii personalizate de stil \u0219i dimensiune a fontului, teme de culoare, niveluri de estompare sau transparen\u021b\u0103 a fundalului. \u00cen plus, utilizatorii vor putea alege un nou font monospa\u021biat, pentru ca fereastra terminalului s\u0103 aib\u0103 un aspect mai modern \u0219i mai atractiv. Acest font va include ligaturi programabile, va fi pus la dispozi\u021bia publicului \u0219i va fi stocat \u00eentr-un repository propriu.<\/p>\n

Principalele avantaje ale noului interfa\u021b\u0103 de comand\u0103 Windows sunt numeroasele tab-uri \u0219i textul atr\u0103g\u0103tor. Suportul pentru numeroase tab-uri a fost considerat cea mai solicitat\u0103 caracteristic\u0103 pentru dezvoltarea terminalului. Textul atr\u0103g\u0103tor este ob\u021binut prin motorul de randare bazat pe DirectWrite\/DirectX, echipat cu accelerare GPU.<\/p>\n

Motorul afi\u0219eaz\u0103 pictograme textuale, glife \u0219i simboluri speciale incluse \u00een fonturi, precum ideograme chineze\u0219ti, japoneze \u0219i coreene (CJK), emoji, simboluri powerline, icoane \u0219i lig\u0103turi programabile. De asemenea, acest motor afi\u0219eaz\u0103 textul mult mai repede dec\u00e2t GDI, care a fost anterior utilizat \u00een consol\u0103.<\/p>\n

Compatibilitatea \u00eenapoi r\u0103m\u00e2ne perfect\u0103, de\u0219i, dac\u0103 dori\u021bi, pute\u021bi \u00eencerca \u0219i Windows Terminal.<\/p>\n

Cronologie: cum va fi<\/h4>\n

\nMicrosoft va face terminalul Windows disponibil prin Microsoft Store \u00een Windows 10 \u0219i \u00eel va actualiza regulat. Astfel, utilizatorii vor lucra mereu cu cele mai recente versiuni \u0219i cele mai recente \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021biri \u2013 practic f\u0103r\u0103 efort suplimentar.<\/p>\n

Microsoft pl\u0103nuie\u0219te s\u0103 lanseze noul terminal \u00een urm\u0103toarea iarn\u0103. Dup\u0103 ce Microsoft va lansa Windows Terminal 1.0, dezvoltatorii vor continua s\u0103 lucreze la numeroase func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bi, deja am\u00e2nate \u00een backlog.<\/p>\n

Codul surs\u0103 pentru Windows Terminal \u0219i Windows Console a fost deja publicat<\/a><\/noindex> pe GitHub.<\/p>\n

Ce ne a\u0219teapt\u0103 \u00een continuare?<\/h4>\n

\nPosibilitatea ca Microsoft s\u0103 foloseasc\u0103 propriul s\u0103u nucleu Linux \u0219i pentru alte scopuri, de exemplu, pentru dezvoltarea propriului s\u0103u sistem de operare Linux, pare \u00een prezent oarecum ipotetic\u0103.<\/p>\n

Probabil c\u0103 rezultatul depinde de c\u00e2t de bine poate Microsoft s\u0103 identifice o cerere semnificativ\u0103 pentru un astfel de produs \u0219i de ce oportunit\u0103\u021bi comerciale ar putea deschide dezvolt\u0103rile respective \u2013 consider\u0103 Charles King. <\/p>\n

El crede c\u0103, \u00een viitorul apropiat, compania se va concentra pe asigurarea unei compatibilit\u0103\u021bi tot mai str\u00e2nse \u00eentre Windows \u0219i Linux \u0219i a complementarit\u0103\u021bii acestora.<\/p>\n

Joshua Schwartz consider\u0103 c\u0103, \u00een acest caz, va trebui s\u0103 se evalueze care vor fi investi\u021biile \u00een aceast\u0103 munc\u0103 \u0219i care va fi rentabilitatea acesteia. Dac\u0103 Microsoft ar fi o companie complet nou\u0103 acum, probabil c\u0103 ar face totul pe baza Linux. Totu\u0219i, portarea tuturor realiz\u0103rilor deja existente la Microsoft pe arhitectura nativ\u0103 Linux se prezint\u0103 ast\u0103zi ca un proiect costisitor \u0219i complex, care cu greu va aduce profit. Iubitorii Linux vor ob\u021bine Linux, iar arhitectura principal\u0103 va r\u0103m\u00e2ne neatins\u0103.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2nd Apple a reinventat Mac OS \u00een 2000, acest sistem de operare a fost construit pe baza BSD Unix, care este mai similar cu Linux dec\u00e2t cu DOS. Ast\u0103zi, noua versiune a Microsoft Windows este creat\u0103 de fapt pe baza Linux.<\/p>\n

Poate c\u0103 se deschide o nou\u0103 u\u0219\u0103?<\/h4>\n

\nNucleul Linux de la Microsoft ar putea deschide calea pentru o interac\u021biune mai str\u00e2ns\u0103 \u00eentre serviciile Windows \u0219i sistemul de operare Linux. Practic, aceste realiz\u0103ri ale Microsoft demonstreaz\u0103 c\u0103 \u0219i \u00een cadrul companiei Microsoft se \u00een\u021belege deja: aproape c\u0103 nu mai exist\u0103 clien\u021bi care prefer\u0103 s\u0103 tr\u0103iasc\u0103 \u00eentr-o lume complet dominat\u0103 de Windows. <\/p>\n

Este mult mai ra\u021bional s\u0103 utiliz\u0103m tehnologii \u0219i sisteme heterogene, care r\u0103spund cel mai bine cerin\u021belor de afaceri \u0219i situa\u021biilor practice specifice.<\/p>\n

O \u00eentrebare strategic\u0103 mai important\u0103 este ce noi oportunit\u0103\u021bi strategice deschide o astfel de mi\u0219care pentru platforma Microsoft \u00eens\u0103\u0219i?<\/p>\n

Azure \u2013 ecosistemul cloud de la Microsoft \u2013 ofer\u0103 deja o sus\u021binere imens\u0103 pentru Linux. Anterior, Windows oferea o bun\u0103 sus\u021binere pentru Linux prin intermediul ma\u0219inilor virtuale.<\/p>\n

Schimb\u0103rile fundamentale care au loc ast\u0103zi sunt legate de faptul c\u0103 acum procesele Linux vor fi executate nativ pe nucleul Windows, ceea ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 lucrul cu Linux din Windows va fi mult mai rapid dec\u00e2t pe ma\u0219inile virtuale. Este foarte posibil ca, \u00een urma acestei dezvolt\u0103ri, Azure s\u0103 se \u00eembog\u0103\u021beasc\u0103 cu un \u00eentreg strat de ingineri care utilizeaz\u0103 Linux la scar\u0103 industrial\u0103.
\n
Sursa: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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