{"id":36191,"date":"2019-10-31T22:10:11","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:10:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/kak-korrektnye-otvety-respondentov-mogut-iskazit-rezultaty-oprosa-do-neuznavaemosti\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:10:11","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:10:11","slug":"kak-korrektnye-otvety-respondentov-mogut-iskazit-rezultaty-oprosa-do-neuznavaemosti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/kak-korrektnye-otvety-respondentov-mogut-iskazit-rezultaty-oprosa-do-neuznavaemosti","title":{"rendered":"Cum r\u0103spunsurile \u00abcorecte\u00bb ale responden\u021bilor pot distorsiona rezultatele unei sondaje p\u00e2n\u0103 la nerecunoa\u0219tere","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00cen cadrul cercet\u0103rii, se acord\u0103 o mare aten\u021bie colect\u0103rii datelor, a\u0219a c\u0103, odat\u0103 ce r\u0103spunsurile responden\u021bilor sunt adunate, acestea sunt considerate, prin excelen\u021b\u0103, corecte, iar raportul bazat pe aceste r\u0103spunsuri devine obiectiv. Cu toate acestea, exist\u0103 frecvent situa\u021bii \u00een care, la o examinare mai detaliat\u0103 a unor r\u0103spunsuri, devin evidente ne\u00een\u021belegeri clare de c\u0103tre responden\u021bi \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu formul\u0103rile chestionarului sau instruc\u021biunile privind \u00eentreb\u0103rile.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\n1.<\/b> Ne\u00een\u021belegerea termenilor profesioni\u0219ti sau a unor cuvinte. Atunci c\u00e2nd se elaboreaz\u0103 un chestionar, este necesar s\u0103 se \u021bin\u0103 cont pentru ce grupuri de responden\u021bi este destinat acesta: v\u00e2rsta \u0219i statutul participan\u021bilor la studiu, dac\u0103 ace\u0219tia locuiesc \u00een ora\u0219e mari sau \u00een a\u0219ez\u0103ri \u00eendep\u0103rtate, etc. Este important s\u0103 se foloseasc\u0103 cu pruden\u021b\u0103 termeni specializa\u021bi \u0219i diferite argouri \u2013 nu to\u021bi responden\u021bii \u00eei pot \u00een\u021belege sau nu to\u021bi \u00eei \u00een\u021beleg \u00een moduri identice. Totu\u0219i, frecvent, o astfel de ne\u00een\u021belegere nu determin\u0103 respondentul s\u0103 abandoneze chestionarul (ceea ce, desigur, ar fi nedorit), iar el r\u0103spunde la \u00eent\u00e2mplare (ceea ce este \u0219i mai nedorit din cauza distorsion\u0103rii datelor).<\/p>\n

2.<\/b> Ne\u00een\u021belegerea \u00eentreb\u0103rii. Mul\u021bi cercet\u0103tori sunt convin\u0219i c\u0103 fiecare respondent are o opinie clar formulat\u0103 \u0219i unic\u0103 asupra fiec\u0103rei \u00eentreb\u0103ri. Acest lucru nu este adev\u0103rat. Uneori, participan\u021bilor la chestionare le este greu s\u0103 r\u0103spund\u0103 la o \u00eentrebare, deoarece nu s-au g\u00e2ndit niciodat\u0103 la subiectul \u00een general sau din aceast\u0103 perspectiv\u0103. Aceast\u0103 dificultate poate determina respondentul s\u0103 abandoneze chestionarul sau s\u0103 r\u0103spund\u0103 \u00eentr-un mod complet neinformativ. Ajuta\u021bi participan\u021bii la sondaj s\u0103 r\u0103spund\u0103 prin formularea mai clar\u0103 a \u00eentreb\u0103rii \u0219i oferirea unor variante variate de r\u0103spunsuri.<\/p>\n

\"CumSursa: news.sportbox.ru<\/i><\/p>\n

3.<\/b> Ne\u00een\u021belegerea instruc\u021biunilor cu privire la chestionar sau la \u00eentreb\u0103rile individuale. La fel ca tot textul chestionarului, formul\u0103rile instruc\u021biunilor trebuie s\u0103 fie adaptate tuturor grupurilor de responden\u021bi prev\u0103zute. \u00cencerca\u021bi s\u0103 evita\u021bi un num\u0103r mare de \u00eentreb\u0103ri care necesit\u0103 marcarea unui anumit num\u0103r de r\u0103spunsuri (\u201eMarca\u021bi cele mai importante trei\u2026\u201d), sau pentru toate aceste \u00eentreb\u0103ri, defini\u021bi aceea\u0219i num\u0103r de r\u0103spunsuri care trebuie marcate. De asemenea, ar trebui s\u0103 reduce\u021bi tipurile complexe de \u00eentreb\u0103ri (matrice, ierarhizare etc.), \u00eenlocuindu-le cu unele mai simple. Dac\u0103 considera\u021bi c\u0103 responden\u021bii pot completa chestionarul de pe telefonul mobil, \u00eencerca\u021bi s\u0103 simplifica\u021bi \u0219i mai mult structura sondajului.<\/p>\n

4.<\/b> Ne\u00een\u021belegerea scalei de evaluare. Atunci c\u00e2nd folosi\u021bi o scal\u0103 de evaluare \u00een chestionar, explica\u021bi responden\u021bilor semnifica\u021bia acesteia, chiar dac\u0103 vi se pare evident\u0103. De exemplu, o scal\u0103 obi\u0219nuit\u0103 de la 1 la 5 este de obicei \u00een\u021beleas\u0103 prin analogie cu sistemul de notare din \u0219coal\u0103, \u00eens\u0103 uneori responden\u021bii marcheaz\u0103 \u201e1\u201d, atribuindu-i semnifica\u021bia de locul \u00eent\u00e2i. \u00cen sc\u0103rile verbale, este mai bine s\u0103 evita\u021bi criteriile subiective. De exemplu, scara \u201eniciodat\u0103 \u2013 rar \u2013 uneori \u2013 des\u201d este foarte subiectiv\u0103. \u00cen locul acesteia, ar trebui s\u0103 oferi\u021bi valori concrete (\u201eo dat\u0103 pe lun\u0103\u201d etc.).<\/p>\n

5.<\/b> Evalu\u0103rile generalizatoare \u0219i pozitive. Tenden\u021ba responden\u021bilor de a oferi evalu\u0103ri generalizatoare \u0219i pozitive adesea interfereaz\u0103, de exemplu, \u00een cazul sondajelor de satisfac\u021bie a utilizatorilor de software \u0219i \u00een alte cercet\u0103ri similare. Dac\u0103 utilizatorul este, \u00een general, mul\u021bumit de programul dumneavoastr\u0103, \u00eei este greu s\u0103 \u00eel analizeze \u00een detaliu \u0219i s\u0103 evalueze separat tabloul de bord, noul set de func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bi etc. Cel mai probabil, el va acorda punctaje mari peste tot. Da, raportul rezultat din sondaj va ar\u0103ta foarte pozitiv, dar rezultatele nu vor permite o evaluare real\u0103 a situa\u021biei.
\nEvalu\u0103rile medii interfereaz\u0103 adesea, de exemplu, \u00een cazul evalu\u0103rii circulare a personalului \u201ede 360 de grade\u201d. Angaja\u021bii sunt predispu\u0219i s\u0103 acorde un punctaj mediu pentru toate competen\u021bele: dac\u0103 atitudinea fa\u021b\u0103 de un coleg este pozitiv\u0103, \u00een rezultate ve\u021bi vedea punctaje exagerate pe \u00eentreaga anex\u0103, iar dac\u0103 rela\u021bia cu colegul este tensionat\u0103, chiar \u0219i abilit\u0103\u021bile sale evidente de lider vor fi evaluate sub nivel. <\/p>\n

\u00cen ambele cazuri, este rezonabil s\u0103elabora\u021bi cu aten\u021bie variantele de r\u0103spuns, \u00eenlocuind scalele obi\u0219nuite cu r\u0103spunsuri verbale detaliate pentru fiecare \u00eentrebare.<\/p>\n

6.<\/b> Manipularea opiniilor. Acest punct se deosebe\u0219te de cele anterioare prin faptul c\u0103 cercet\u0103torii \u00eendeamn\u0103 con\u0219tient responden\u021bii c\u0103tre r\u0103spunsuri favorabile pentru un raport \u201ede succes\u201d. Modurile frecvente de manipulare sunt iluzia alegerii \u0219i concentrarea asupra caracteristicilor pozitive. De obicei, managerii care studiaz\u0103 rezultatele pozitive ale sondajului nu se g\u00e2ndesc la corectitudinea interpret\u0103rii datelor. Totu\u0219i, este important s\u0103 privim obiectiv chestionarul: care este logica sa, dac\u0103 acesta nu are o linie anume, dac\u0103 op\u021biunile de r\u0103spuns sunt distribuite uniform \u00eentre variantele pozitive \u0219i negative. \u00cenc\u0103 o tehnic\u0103 frecvent\u0103 pentru \u201e\u00eendesarea\u201d datelor este substituirea conceptelor. De exemplu, dac\u0103 majoritatea angaja\u021bilor a evaluat noul program de stimulare ca \u201esatisf\u0103c\u0103tor\u201d, \u00een raport ar putea s\u0103 fie reflectat faptul c\u0103 \u201emajoritatea angaja\u021bilor companiei sunt mul\u021bumi\u021bi de noul program de stimulare\u201d.
\n
Sursa: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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