{"id":36672,"date":"2019-10-31T22:13:05","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:13:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/ne-zabluditsya-v-treh-sosnah-egotsentricheskoe-predstavlenie-okruzhayushhej-sredy\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:13:05","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:13:05","slug":"ne-zabluditsya-v-treh-sosnah-egotsentricheskoe-predstavlenie-okruzhayushhej-sredy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/ne-zabluditsya-v-treh-sosnah-egotsentricheskoe-predstavlenie-okruzhayushhej-sredy","title":{"rendered":"Nu te pierde \u00een trei pini: o viziune egocentric\u0103 asupra mediului \u00eenconjur\u0103tor","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Nu te pierde \u00een trei pini: o viziune egocentric\u0103 asupra mediului \u00eenconjur\u0103tor\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/3573ffa98e07e3b515aba2d00739dd52.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nMi\u0219carea este via\u021ba. Aceast\u0103 afirma\u021bie poate fi interpretat\u0103 at\u00e2t ca o motiva\u021bie de a merge \u00eenainte, de a nu stagna \u0219i de a atinge dorin\u021bele, c\u00e2t \u0219i ca o constatare c\u0103 aproape toate fiin\u021bele vii \u00ee\u0219i petrec cea mai mare parte a timpului \u00een mi\u0219care. Pentru ca mi\u0219c\u0103rile \u0219i deplas\u0103rile noastre \u00een spa\u021biu s\u0103 nu se finalizeze de fiecare dat\u0103 cu lovituri \u0219i degete mici rupte, creierul nostru folose\u0219te \u201eh\u0103r\u021bi\u201d salvate ale mediului \u00eenconjur\u0103tor, care sunt evocate incon\u0219tient \u00een momentul mi\u0219c\u0103rii noastre. Totu\u0219i, exist\u0103 o opinie c\u0103 creierul aplic\u0103 aceste h\u0103r\u021bi nu din exterior, ci a\u0219ez\u00e2nd individul pe aceast\u0103 hart\u0103 \u0219i adun\u00e2nd date dintr-o perspectiv\u0103 de prim-plan. O echip\u0103 de cercet\u0103tori de la Universitatea Boston a decis s\u0103 demonstreze aceast\u0103 teorie printr-o serie de experimente practice cu \u0219oareci de laborator. Cum se orienteaz\u0103 de fapt creierul \u00een spa\u021biu, ce celule sunt implicate \u00een acest proces \u0219i ce rol joac\u0103 aceast\u0103 cercetare \u00een viitorul automobilelor autonome \u0219i robo\u021bilor? Despre aceasta vom afla din raportul grupului de cercetare. S\u0103 \u00eencepem.<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h3>Baza cercet\u0103rii<\/h3>\n<p>\nAstfel, faptul stabilit cu mul\u021bi ani \u00een urm\u0103 este c\u0103 hipocampul este partea principal\u0103 a creierului responsabil\u0103 pentru orientarea \u00een spa\u021biu.<\/p>\n<p>Hipocampul particip\u0103 la diverse procese: formarea emo\u021biilor, transformarea memoriei pe termen scurt \u00een memorie pe termen lung \u0219i formarea memoriei spa\u021biale. Aceasta din urm\u0103 este sursa acelor \u201eh\u0103r\u021bi\u201d pe care creierul nostru le activeaz\u0103 \u00een momentul necesar pentru a se orienta mai eficient \u00een spa\u021biu. Cu alte cuvinte, hipocampul stocheaz\u0103 modele neuronale tridimensionale ale spa\u021biului \u00een care se afl\u0103 proprietarul creierului.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Nu te pierde \u00een trei pini: o viziune egocentric\u0103 asupra mediului \u00eenconjur\u0103tor\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/f33288a56155e016b23b5d09744f2ec2.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Hipocamp<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Exist\u0103 o teorie care sus\u021bine c\u0103 \u00eentre naviga\u021bia efectiv\u0103 \u0219i h\u0103r\u021bile din hipocamp exist\u0103 o etap\u0103 intermediar\u0103 \u2014 transformarea acestor h\u0103r\u021bi \u00een perspectiv\u0103 de prim-plan. Adic\u0103, persoana \u00eencearc\u0103 s\u0103 \u00een\u021beleag\u0103 unde se afl\u0103 lucrurile nu \u00een general (a\u0219a cum vedem pe h\u0103r\u021bile reale), ci unde se vor afla \u00een raport cu sine (asem\u0103n\u0103tor cu func\u021bia \u201evizualizare str\u0103zi\u201d din Google Maps).<\/p>\n<p>Autorii lucr\u0103rii pe care o discut\u0103m subliniaz\u0103 urm\u0103toarele: h\u0103r\u021bile cognitive ale mediului sunt codificate \u00een forma\u021bia hipocampal\u0103 \u00eentr-un sistem allocentric, dar motricitatea (mi\u0219c\u0103rile \u00een sine) este reprezentat\u0103 \u00eentr-un sistem egocentric.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Nu te pierde \u00een trei pini: o viziune egocentric\u0103 asupra mediului \u00eenconjur\u0103tor\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/34c886d3689c17d9c2a092a0d151eff9.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>UFO: Enemy Unknown (sistem allocentric) \u0219i DOOM (sistem egocentric).<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Diferen\u021ba dintre sistemele allocentrice \u0219i egocentrice este similar\u0103 cu cea dintre jocurile din perspectiva unui ter\u021b (sau dintr-o perspectiv\u0103 lateral\u0103, de sus etc.) \u0219i jocurile din perspectiva unui prim. \u00cen primul caz, mediul \u00een sine este important pentru noi, iar \u00een al doilea - pozi\u021bia noastr\u0103 \u00een raport cu acest mediu. Astfel, planurile de naviga\u021bie allocentrice trebuie transformate \u00eentr-un sistem egocentric pentru implementarea efectiv\u0103, adic\u0103 pentru a ne deplasa \u00een spa\u021biu.<\/p>\n<p>Cercet\u0103torii consider\u0103 c\u0103 nucleul dorsomedial <i>striatum (DMS)*<\/i> joac\u0103 un rol esen\u021bial \u00een procesul descris mai sus. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Nu te pierde \u00een trei pini: o viziune egocentric\u0103 asupra mediului \u00eenconjur\u0103tor\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/b30540620400b2b8ab9cce91c3d07a06.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Corpul striat al creierului uman.<\/i><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><b>Striatum*<\/b> este o parte a creierului care face parte din nuclei bazali; striatum implic\u0103 reglarea tonusului muscular, organelor interne \u0219i reac\u021biilor comportamentale; striatum este de asemenea numit \u201ecorpul striat\u201d datorit\u0103 structurii sale format\u0103 din benzi alternante de materie cenu\u0219ie \u0219i alb\u0103.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>DMS demonstreaz\u0103 r\u0103spunsuri neuronale legate de luarea deciziilor \u0219i de executarea ac\u021biunilor \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te naviga\u021bia \u00een spa\u021biu, de aceea aceast\u0103 zon\u0103 a creierului merit\u0103 studiat\u0103 mai detaliat.<\/p>\n<h3>Rezultatele cercet\u0103rii<\/h3>\n<p>\nPentru a determina prezen\u021ba\/absen\u021ba informa\u021biei egocentrice despre spa\u021biu \u00een corpul striat (DMS), patru masculi de \u0219obolan au fost implanta\u021bi cu p\u00e2n\u0103 la 16 tetrozi (electrozi speciali conecta\u021bi la zonele relevante ale creierului), \u021binti\u021bi c\u0103tre DMS (<b>1a<\/b>).<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Nu te pierde \u00een trei pini: o viziune egocentric\u0103 asupra mediului \u00eenconjur\u0103tor\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/55a286316039c15998c977f1fb699f2f.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Imaginea nr. 1: reac\u021bia celulelor din corpul striat \u00een raport cu limitele mediului \u00een sistemul egocentric de referin\u021b\u0103.<\/i><\/p>\n<p><b class=\"spoiler_title\">Explica\u021biile pentru imaginea nr. 1:<\/b><b>\u0219i<\/b> \u2014 punctele de amplasare a tetrozilor;<br \/>\n<b>b<\/b> \u2014 harta egocentric\u0103 a limitelor;<br \/>\n<b>de<\/b> \u2014 h\u0103r\u021bile spa\u021biale allocentrice (cele 4 p\u0103trate din st\u00e2nga), graficele traiectoriilor cu coduri de culoare pentru pozi\u021biile v\u00e2rfurilor de reac\u021bie ale celulelor \u00een raport cu pozi\u021bia corpului \u0219i h\u0103r\u021bile egocentrice (cele 4 p\u0103trate din dreapta) bazate pe reac\u021bia celulelor EBC \u00een diferite orient\u0103ri \u0219i distan\u021be \u00eentre \u0219obolan \u0219i perete;<br \/>\n<b>d<\/b> \u2014 la fel ca \u0219i pe <b>1C<\/b>, dar pentru EBC cu distan\u021be preferate, \u00eendep\u0103rtate de animal;<br \/>\n<b>e<\/b> \u2014 la fel ca \u0219i pe <b>1C<\/b>, dar pentru dou\u0103 EBC inverse;<br \/>\n<b>f<\/b> \u2014 distribu\u021bia lungimii rezultate medii pentru celulele observate;<br \/>\n<b>g<\/b> \u2014 distribu\u021bia lungimii rezultate medii pentru EBC folosind direc\u021bia de mi\u0219care \u0219i direc\u021bia capului;<br \/>\n<b>h<\/b> \u2014 distribu\u021bia r\u0103spunsului mediu al celulelor (toate \u0219i EBC). <\/p>\n<p>Au fost realizate 44 de experimente \u00een care \u0219obolanii au adunat hran\u0103 dispersat\u0103 aleatoriu \u00eentr-un mediu familiar (deschis, nu \u00een labirint). Ca urmare, au fost \u00eenregistrate 939 de celule. Din datele colectate, au fost identificate 31 de celule \u00een direc\u021bia capului (HDC), \u00eens\u0103 doar o mic\u0103 parte dintre celule, mai precis 19, aveau corela\u021bi spa\u021biali alocentrici. Activitatea acestor celule, limitat\u0103 de perimetrul mediului \u00eenconjur\u0103tor, a fost observat\u0103 doar \u00een timpul mi\u0219c\u0103rii \u0219obolanului de-a lungul pere\u021bilor camerei de testare, suger\u00e2nd o schem\u0103 de codare egocentric\u0103 a grani\u021belor spa\u021biului.<\/p>\n<p>Pentru a evalua posibilit\u0103\u021bile unei astfel de reprezent\u0103ri egocentrice pe baza valorilor maxime ale activit\u0103\u021bii celulelor, au fost create h\u0103r\u021bi egocentrice ale grani\u021belor (<b>1b<\/b>), care ilustreaz\u0103 orientarea \u0219i distan\u021ba grani\u021belor \u00een raport cu direc\u021bia de mi\u0219care a \u0219obolanului, nu cu pozi\u021bia capului s\u0103u (comparativ cu <b>1g<\/b>).<\/p>\n<p>18% din celulele \u00eenregistrate (171 din 939) au ar\u0103tat un r\u0103spuns semnificativ c\u00e2nd grani\u021ba camerei ocupa o anumit\u0103 pozi\u021bie \u0219i orientare \u00een raport cu subiectul (<b>1f<\/b>). Oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 le-au numit celule ale grani\u021belor egocentrice (EBC \u2014 <i>egocentric boundary cells<\/i>). Num\u0103rul acestor celule la subiec\u021bi varia de la 15 la 70, cu o medie de 42,75 (<b>1c<\/b>, <b>1d<\/b>).<\/p>\n<p>Printre celulele grani\u021belor egocentrice, au existat astfel de celule a c\u0103ror activitate a sc\u0103zut ca r\u0103spuns la grani\u021bele camerei. Au fost 49 la num\u0103r \u0219i au fost numite EBC inverse (iEBC). Valoarea medie a r\u0103spunsului celulelor (poten\u021bialul lor de ac\u021biune) la EBC \u0219i iEBC a fost destul de sc\u0103zut\u0103 \u2014 1,26 \u00b1 0,09 Hz (<b>1h<\/b>). <\/p>\n<p>Popula\u021bia de celule EBC reac\u021bioneaz\u0103 la toate variantele de orientare \u0219i pozi\u021bie a grani\u021bei camerei \u00een raport cu subiectul, dar distribu\u021bia orient\u0103rii preferate este bimodal\u0103, cu v\u00e2rfuri plasate la 180\u00b0 una fa\u021b\u0103 de alta de ambele p\u0103r\u021bi ale animalului (-68\u00b0 \u0219i 112\u00b0), fiind u\u0219or deplasat\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 de perpendiculara pe axa lung\u0103 a animalului cu 22\u00b0 (<b>2d<\/b>).<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Nu te pierde \u00een trei pini: o viziune egocentric\u0103 asupra mediului \u00eenconjur\u0103tor\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/5494e1328d3706109c545a56ffd434e0.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Imaginea nr. 2: orientarea preferat\u0103 \u0219i distan\u021ba pentru reac\u021bia celulelor egocentrice de frontier\u0103 (EBC).<\/i><\/p>\n<p><b class=\"spoiler_title\">Explica\u021bii pentru imaginea nr. 2:<\/b><b>a<\/b> \u2014 h\u0103r\u021bile egocentrice de frontier\u0103 pentru patru EBC investigate simultan, cu diferitele orient\u0103ri preferate indicate deasupra fiec\u0103rui grafic;<br \/>\n<b>b<\/b> \u2014 pozi\u021bia electrozilor \u00een raport cu celulele din <b>2a<\/b> (numerele indic\u0103 num\u0103rul electrozilor);<br \/>\n<b>de<\/b> \u2014 distribu\u021bia probabilit\u0103\u021bilor orient\u0103rilor preferate pentru toate EBC ale unei \u0219oimi;<br \/>\n<b>d<\/b> \u2014 distribu\u021bia probabilit\u0103\u021bilor orient\u0103rilor preferate pentru EBC ale tuturor \u0219oimilor;<br \/>\n<b>e<\/b> \u2014 pozi\u021bia electrozilor pentru celulele reprezentate \u00een <b>2f<\/b>;<br \/>\n<b>f<\/b> \u2014 h\u0103r\u021bile egocentrice de frontier\u0103 pentru \u0219ase EBC \u00eenregistrate simultan, cu diverse distan\u021be preferate indicate deasupra fiec\u0103rui grafic;<br \/>\n<b>g<\/b> \u2014 distribu\u021bia probabilit\u0103\u021bilor distan\u021bei preferate pentru toate EBC ale unei \u0219oimi;<br \/>\n<b>h<\/b> \u2014 distribu\u021bia probabilit\u0103\u021bilor distan\u021bei preferate pentru EBC ale tuturor \u0219oimilor;<br \/>\n<b>i<\/b> \u2014 diagram\u0103 polar\u0103 a distan\u021bei preferate \u0219i orient\u0103rii preferate pentru toate EBC, cu dimensiunea spa\u021biului reprezentat\u0103 prin culoare \u0219i diametrul punctelor.<\/p>\n<p>Distribu\u021bia distan\u021bei preferate p\u00e2n\u0103 la frontier\u0103 a con\u021binut trei v\u00e2rfuri: 6.4, 13.5 \u0219i 25.6 cm, indic\u00e2nd existen\u021ba a trei distan\u021be preferate diferite \u00eentre EBC (<b>2f<\/b>\u2014<b>2h<\/b>), care pot fi importante pentru strategia de c\u0103utare ierarhic\u0103 de naviga\u021bie. Dimensiunea c\u00e2mpurilor receptive ale EBC a crescut \u00een func\u021bie de distan\u021ba preferat\u0103 (<b>2i<\/b>), ceea ce indic\u0103 o cre\u0219tere a preciziei reprezent\u0103rii egocentrice a frontierei prin reducerea distan\u021bei \u00eentre perete \u0219i subiect. <\/p>\n<p>At\u00e2t \u00een orientarea preferat\u0103, c\u00e2t \u0219i \u00een distan\u021b\u0103 a lipsit o topografie clar\u0103, deoarece EBC-urile active ale subiectului cu diferite orient\u0103ri \u0219i distan\u021be fa\u021b\u0103 de perete ap\u0103reau pe acela\u0219i electrod (<b>2a<\/b>, <b>2b<\/b>, <b>2e<\/b> \u0219i <b>2f<\/b>).<\/p>\n<p>De asemenea, s-a constatat c\u0103 EBC reac\u021bioneaz\u0103 constant la frontierele spa\u021biului (pere\u021bii camerei) \u00een orice variant\u0103 a camerelor de testare. Pentru a confirma c\u0103 EBC reac\u021bioneaz\u0103 la frontierele locale ale camerei, nu la tr\u0103s\u0103turile sale distale, cercet\u0103torii \"au rotit\" pozi\u021bia camerei cu 45\u00b0 \u0219i au f\u0103cut c\u00e2\u021biva pere\u021bi negri, f\u0103c\u00e2nd astfel camera distinct\u0103 de cea utilizat\u0103 \u00een testele anterioare. <\/p>\n<p>Datele au fost colectate at\u00e2t \u00een camera de testare obi\u0219nuit\u0103, c\u00e2t \u0219i \u00een cea rotunjit\u0103. \u00cen ciuda schimb\u0103rii camerei de testare, toate orient\u0103rile \u0219i distan\u021bele preferate fa\u021b\u0103 de pere\u021bii EBC-ului au r\u0103mas neschimbate. <\/p>\n<p>Av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere semnifica\u021bia unghiurilor, a fost luat\u0103 \u00een considerare \u0219i posibilitatea ca EBC s\u0103 codeze \u00een mod unic ace\u0219ti atributi locali ai mediului. Prin analizarea diferen\u021bei dintre reac\u021bia din apropierea unghiurilor \u0219i reac\u021bia din apropierea mijlocului peretelui, a fost identificat un subset de celule EBC (n = 16; 9,4%) care manifest\u0103 o reac\u021bie crescut\u0103 la unghiuri.<\/p>\n<p>Astfel, se poate concluziona intermediar c\u0103 exact celulele EBC reac\u021bioneaz\u0103 excelent la perimetrul camerei, adic\u0103 la pere\u021bii camerei de testare \u0219i la unghiurile acesteia.<\/p>\n<p>Apoi, cercet\u0103torii au verificat dac\u0103 reac\u021bia celulelor EBC la spa\u021biul deschis (arena de testare f\u0103r\u0103 labirint, adic\u0103 doar 4 pere\u021bi) este aceea\u0219i pentru diferite dimensiuni ale camerei de testare. Au fost efectuate 3 \u00eencerc\u0103ri, \u00een fiecare dintre care lungimea pere\u021bilor a variat cu 50 cm fa\u021b\u0103 de precedenta. <\/p>\n<p>Indiferent de dimensiunile camerei de testare, EBC-urile au reac\u021bionat la grani\u021bele acesteia la aceea\u0219i distan\u021b\u0103 \u0219i orientare fa\u021b\u0103 de subiect. Acest lucru sugereaz\u0103 absen\u021ba scal\u0103rii reac\u021biei \u00een func\u021bie de dimensiunea mediului \u00eenconjur\u0103tor.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Nu te pierde \u00een trei pini: o viziune egocentric\u0103 asupra mediului \u00eenconjur\u0103tor\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/643f616b471f7ae455ddd98f79b2c986.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Imaginea nr. 3: reac\u021bia stabil\u0103 a celulelor EBC la grani\u021bele spa\u021biului.<\/i><\/p>\n<p><b class=\"spoiler_title\">Explica\u021bii pentru imaginea nr. 3:<\/b><b>\u0219i<\/b> \u2014 h\u0103r\u021bile egocentrice EBC \u00een condi\u021bii normale (st\u00e2nga) \u0219i c\u00e2nd camera de testare este rotit\u0103 cu 45\u00b0 (dreapta);<br \/>\n<b>b<\/b> \u2014 h\u0103r\u021bile egocentrice EBC pentru o camer\u0103 cu dimensiunea de 1.25 x 1.25 m (st\u00e2nga) \u0219i pentru o camer\u0103 m\u0103rit\u0103 de 1.75 x 1.75 m (dreapta);<br \/>\n<b>de<\/b> \u2014 h\u0103r\u021bile egocentrice EBC cu pere\u021bi negri obi\u0219nui\u021bi \u00een camer\u0103 (st\u00e2nga) \u0219i cu pere\u021bi \u00een model (dreapta);<br \/>\n<b>d<\/b>\u2014<b>f<\/b> \u2014 graficele distan\u021bei preferate (sus) \u0219i varia\u021bia orient\u0103rii preferate fa\u021b\u0103 de linia de baz\u0103 (jos).<\/p>\n<p>\u00centruc\u00e2t corpul dungat prime\u0219te informa\u021bii despre mediul \u00eenconjur\u0103tor din mai multe zone ale cortexului vizual, cercet\u0103torii au verificat, de asemenea, dac\u0103 aspectul pere\u021bilor (<b>3s<\/b>) camerei influen\u021beaz\u0103 reac\u021bia celulelor EBC. <\/p>\n<p>Schimbarea aspectului grani\u021belor spa\u021biului nu a influen\u021bat reac\u021bia celulelor EBC \u0219i distan\u021ba \u0219i orientarea necesare pentru reac\u021bie fa\u021b\u0103 de subiect.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Nu te pierde \u00een trei pini: o viziune egocentric\u0103 asupra mediului \u00eenconjur\u0103tor\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/adbeb060cd510d336b6ab15fa1df198e.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Imaginea nr. 4: stabilitatea reac\u021biei celulelor EBC indiferent de mediul \u00eenconjur\u0103tor.<\/i><\/p>\n<p><b class=\"spoiler_title\">Explica\u021bii pentru imaginea nr. 4:<\/b><b>\u0219i<\/b> \u2014 h\u0103r\u021bi egocentrice pentru EBC \u00een medii familiari (st\u00e2nga) \u0219i noi (dreapta);<br \/>\n<b>b<\/b> \u2014 h\u0103r\u021bi egocentrice pentru EBC ob\u021binute \u00een medii identice, dar cu un interval de timp;<br \/>\n<b>de<\/b> \u2014 grafice ale distan\u021bei preferate (sus) \u0219i schimb\u0103rile orient\u0103rii preferate \u00een raport cu linia de baz\u0103 (jos) pentru medii noi (necunoscute);<br \/>\n<b>d<\/b> \u2014 grafice ale distan\u021bei preferate (sus) \u0219i schimb\u0103rile orient\u0103rii preferate \u00een raport cu linia de baz\u0103 (jos) pentru medii deja studiate (familiari).<\/p>\n<p>De asemenea, s-a stabilit c\u0103 reac\u021bia celulelor EBC, la fel ca orientarea \u0219i distan\u021ba necesare \u00een raport cu subiectul de studiu, nu se schimb\u0103 \u00een timp. <\/p>\n<p>Totu\u0219i, acest test \u201etemporal\u201d a fost efectuat \u00een aceea\u0219i camer\u0103 de testare. A fost necesar s\u0103 se verifice \u0219i care este diferen\u021ba \u00eentre reac\u021bia EBC la condi\u021bii cunoscute \u0219i cele noi. Pentru aceasta, au fost efectuate mai multe sesiuni, \u00een care \u0219obolanii au studiat camera pe care deja o cunosc din teste anterioare \u0219i apoi \u2014 camere noi cu spa\u021biu deschis.<\/p>\n<p>A\u0219a cum a\u021bi ghicit, reac\u021bia celulelor EBC + orientarea\/distan\u021ba necesar\u0103 au r\u0103mas constante \u00een camerele noi (<b>4a<\/b>, <b>4c<\/b>).<\/p>\n<p>Astfel, reac\u021bia EBC ofer\u0103 o reprezentare stabil\u0103 a limitelor mediului \u00een raport cu subiectul de studiu \u00een toate tipurile de mediu, indiferent de aspectul pere\u021bilor, dimensiunea camerei de testare, deplasarea acesteia \u0219i timpul petrecut de subiect \u00een camer\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Pentru o mai bun\u0103 \u00een\u021belegere a nuan\u021belor cercet\u0103rii, v\u0103 recomand s\u0103 consulta\u021bi <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-019-10722-y.pdf\">raportul cercet\u0103torilor <\/a><\/noindex>\u0219i <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/static-content.springer.com\/esm\/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41467-019-10722-y\/MediaObjects\/41467_2019_10722_MOESM1_ESM.pdf\">materiale suplimentare <\/a><\/noindex>la acesta.<\/p>\n<h3>Epilog<\/h3>\n<p>\n\u00cen aceast\u0103 lucrare, cercet\u0103torii au reu\u0219it s\u0103 confirme practic teoria reprezent\u0103rii egocentrice a mediului, ceea ce este extrem de important pentru orientarea \u00een spa\u021biu. Ace\u0219tia au demonstrat c\u0103 exist\u0103 un proces intermediar \u00eentre reprezentarea spa\u021bial\u0103 alocentric\u0103 \u0219i ac\u021biunea efectiv\u0103, \u00een care sunt implicate anumite celule din corpul striat, denumite celule ale limitelor egocentrice (EBC). De asemenea, s-a stabilit c\u0103 EBC sunt mai legate de controlul mi\u0219c\u0103rii \u00eentregului corp, nu doar al capului subiec\u021bilor.<\/p>\n<p>Aceast\u0103 cercetare a fost dedicat\u0103 identific\u0103rii \u00eentregului mecanism de orientare \u00een spa\u021biu, a tuturor componentelor \u0219i variabilelor sale. Aceast\u0103 lucrare, conform spuselor oamenilor de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103, va ajuta ulterior la perfec\u021bionarea tehnologiilor de naviga\u021bie pentru automobilele autonome \u0219i pentru robo\u021bii care vor putea \u00een\u021belege spa\u021biul din jurul lor, la fel cum o facem noi. Cercet\u0103torii sunt extrem de mul\u021bumi\u021bi de rezultatele muncii lor, care ofer\u0103 suficiente motive pentru a continua studiul interdependen\u021bei dintre anumite zone ale creierului \u0219i modul \u00een care se realizeaz\u0103 naviga\u021bia \u00een spa\u021biu.<\/p>\n<p>V\u0103 mul\u021bumesc pentru aten\u021bie, r\u0103m\u00e2ne\u021bi curio\u0219i \u0219i o s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 de lucru bun\u0103, b\u0103ie\u021bi! \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n<p>V\u0103 mul\u021bumim c\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2ne\u021bi cu noi. V\u0103 plac articolele noastre? Dori\u021bi s\u0103 vede\u021bi mai multe materiale interesante? Sus\u021bine\u021bi-ne f\u0103c\u00e2nd o comand\u0103 sau recomand\u00e2ndu-ne prietenilor. <b>30% reducere pentru utilizatorii Habr pentru un server entry-level unic, creat special pentru tine:<\/b> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/company\/ua-hosting\/blog\/347386\/\">Adev\u0103rul despre VPS (KVM) E5-2650 v4 (6 nuclee) 10GB DDR4 240GB SSD 1Gbps de la 20$ sau cum s\u0103 \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bim corect un server?<\/a><\/noindex> (sunt disponibile op\u021biuni cu RAID1 \u0219i RAID10, p\u00e2n\u0103 la 24 nuclee \u0219i p\u00e2n\u0103 la 40GB DDR4).<\/p>\n<p><b>Dell R730xd la jum\u0103tate de pre\u021b?<\/b> Numai la noi <b><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ua-hosting.company\/serversnl\">2 x Intel TetraDeca-Core Xeon 2x E5-2697v3 2.6GHz 14C 64GB DDR4 4x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100 TB de la 199 $<\/a><\/noindex> \u00een Olanda! <b>Dell R420 \u2014 2x E5-2430 2.2Ghz 6C 128GB DDR3 2x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB \u2014 de la 99 $!<\/b><\/b> Citi\u021bi despre <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/company\/ua-hosting\/blog\/329618\/\">Cum s\u0103 construi\u021bi o infrastructur\u0103 de clas\u0103 enterprise folosind servere Dell R730xd E5-2650 v4 la pre\u021buri foarte mici de 9000 \u20ac?<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<br \/>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/ua-hosting\/blog\/461833\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0414\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c. \u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0444\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434, \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0430, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0443\u044e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0438 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0448\u0438\u0448\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043b\u0431\u0443 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0442\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043c\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043d\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":27466,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36672","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" 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