{"id":36723,"date":"2019-10-31T22:13:23","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:13:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/eshhe-odno-mnenie-o-raznitse-mezhdu-bin-sbin-usr-bin-usr-sbin\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:13:23","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:13:23","slug":"eshhe-odno-mnenie-o-raznitse-mezhdu-bin-sbin-usr-bin-usr-sbin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/eshhe-odno-mnenie-o-raznitse-mezhdu-bin-sbin-usr-bin-usr-sbin","title":{"rendered":"O alt\u0103 opinie despre diferen\u021ba dintre bin, sbin, usr\/bin, usr\/sbin","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Recent am descoperit un articol ca acesta: Diferen\u021ba dintre bin, sbin, usr\/bin, usr\/sbin<\/a><\/noindex>. A\u0219 dori s\u0103 \u00eemi \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219esc perspectiva asupra standardului.<\/p>\n

\/bin<\/h2>\n

\nCon\u021bine comenzi care pot fi utilizate at\u00e2t de c\u0103tre administratori de sistem, c\u00e2t \u0219i de utilizatori, dar care sunt necesare atunci c\u00e2nd nu sunt montate alte sisteme de fi\u0219iere (de exemplu, \u00een modul mono-utilizator). De asemenea, poate con\u021bine comenzi care sunt utilizate indirect de scripturi.<\/p>\n

Aici se a\u0219teapt\u0103 prezen\u021ba unor astfel de comenzi:<\/p>\n

cat<\/b>, chgrp<\/b>, chmod<\/b>, chown<\/b>, cp<\/b>, date<\/b>, dd<\/b>, df<\/b>, dmesg<\/b>, echo<\/b>, false<\/b>, nume gazd\u0103<\/b>, kill<\/b>, ln<\/b>, login<\/b>, ls<\/b>, mkdir<\/b>, mknod<\/b>, more<\/b>, mount<\/b>, mv<\/b>, ps<\/b>, pwd<\/b>, rm<\/b>, rmdir<\/b>, sed<\/b>, sh<\/b>, stty<\/b>, su<\/b>, sync<\/b>, true<\/b>, umount<\/b>, uname<\/b>.<\/p>\n

Se pot crea linkuri simbolice pe \/usr, dar de\u0219i \u00een perioada systemd \/usr pe un dispozitiv separat nu este \u00eent\u00e2lnit, \u00eenc\u0103 mai poate fi \u00eent\u00e2lnit pe un sistem \u00eencorporat, semafor, r\u00e2\u0219ni\u021b\u0103 de cafea \u0219i PDP-11 care deservesc un instrument important \u00eentr-unul din laboratoarele Academiei de \u0218tiin\u021be.<\/p>\n

\/sbin<\/h2>\n

\nUtilitarele utilizate pentru administrarea sistemului (\u0219i alte comenzi doar pentru root), \/sbin con\u021bine fi\u0219iere binare necesare pentru \u00eenc\u0103rcarea, recuperarea \u0219i\/sau restaurarea sistemului, \u00een plus fa\u021b\u0103 de fi\u0219ierele binare din \/bin. Programele care sunt executate dup\u0103 ce \/usr este montat (c\u00e2nd nu sunt probleme) sunt de obicei plasate \u00een \/usr\/sbin. Programele instalate local pentru administrarea sistemului ar trebui s\u0103 fie plasate \u00een \/usr\/local\/sbin.<\/p>\n

Se a\u0219teapt\u0103:<\/p>\n

fastboot, fasthalt, fdisk, fsck, getty, halt, ifconfig, init, mkfs, mkswap, reboot, route, swapon, swapoff, update<\/b>.<\/p>\n

Una dintre modalit\u0103\u021bile de a proteja sistemul de m\u00e2inile curioase ale utilizatorilor este restric\u021bionarea execut\u0103rii acestor utilitare de c\u0103tre oricine, prin setarea atributului x.
\n\u00cen plus, \u00eenlocuirea \/bin \u0219i \/sbin cu copii din arhiv\u0103 (identice pentru toate sistemele similare) este o modalitate rapid\u0103 de a repara sistemele f\u0103r\u0103 un manager de pachete.
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

\/usr\/bin<\/h2>\n

\nAici totul este simplu. Comenzile similare, identice pentru toate serverele\/r\u00e2\u0219ni\u021bele de cafea ale companiei. \u0218i \u00een sine, \/usr poate fi desf\u0103\u0219urat identic pentru diferite sisteme de operare (pentru \/bin \u0219i \/sbin de obicei nu func\u021bioneaz\u0103 a\u0219a), sunt programe independente de arhitectur\u0103. Poate con\u021bine linkuri c\u0103tre interpretoare perl sau python, care se afl\u0103 \u00een \/opt sau \u00een alt\u0103 parte \u00een re\u021bea.<\/p>\n

\/usr\/sbin<\/h2>\n

\nAcela\u0219i lucru ca \u0219i \/usr\/bin, dar destinat doar administratorilor.<\/p>\n

\/usr\/local\/bin \u0438 \/usr\/local\/sbin<\/h2>\n

\nUna dintre cele mai importante loca\u021bii. Spre deosebire de restul, \/usr nu poate fi identic pentru \u00eentreaga organiza\u021bie. Aici se afl\u0103 programe dependente de sistemul de operare, dependente de hardware \u0219i pur \u0219i simplu programe care nu sunt necesare pe toate dispozitivele. La sincronizarea \/usr pe ma\u0219ini, \/usr\/local trebuie exclus.<\/p>\n

\/home\/$USER\/bin<\/h2>\n

\nAici situa\u021bia este similar\u0103 cu \/usr\/local, doar c\u0103 aici se afl\u0103 programe specifice pentru un anumit utilizator. Acestea pot fi transferate (sau sincronizate) pe o alt\u0103 ma\u0219in\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd utilizatorul se mut\u0103. Ceea ce nu poate fi transferat se afl\u0103 \u00een \/home\/$USER\/.local\/bin. Se poate folosi local f\u0103r\u0103 punct. \/home\/$USER\/sbin lipse\u0219te din motive evidente.<\/p>\n

A\u0219 fi bucuros pentru corecturi \u0219i complet\u0103ri.<\/p>\n

Sursa: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041d\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e \u044f \u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0438\u043b \u0432\u043e\u0442 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044e: \u0420\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 bin, sbin, usr\/bin, usr\/sbin. \u0425\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u043c \u0432\u0437\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442. \/bin \u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438, \u043d\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0435). \u041e\u043d \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u0422\u0430\u043c […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36723","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47O alt\u0103 p\u0103rere despre diferen\u021ba dintre bin, sbin, usr\/bin, usr\/sbin | ProHoster","description":"Recent am descoperit acest articol: Diferen\u021ba dintre bin, sbin, usr\/bin, 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