{"id":36873,"date":"2019-10-31T22:14:26","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:14:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/server-dvuhfaktornoj-avtorizatsii-linotp\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:14:26","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:14:26","slug":"server-dvuhfaktornoj-avtorizatsii-linotp","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/server-dvuhfaktornoj-avtorizatsii-linotp","title":{"rendered":"Server de autentificare cu doi factori LinOTP","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Server
\n
\nAst\u0103zi vreau s\u0103 \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219esc cum s\u0103 configurezi un server de autentificare cu dou\u0103 factori pentru a proteja re\u021beaua corporativ\u0103, site-urile, serviciile, ssh. Pe server va func\u021biona combina\u021bia: LinOTP + FreeRadius. <\/p>\n

De ce avem nevoie de el?
\nEste o solu\u021bie complet gratuit\u0103, convenabil\u0103, \u00een cadrul re\u021belei tale, independent\u0103 de furnizorii externi.<\/p>\n

Acest serviciu este foarte convenabil, destul de u\u0219or de utilizat, spre deosebire de alte produse open-source \u0219i de asemenea suport\u0103 o gam\u0103 larg\u0103 de func\u021bii \u0219i politici (de exemplu, login+parol\u0103+(PIN+OTPToken)). Se integreaz\u0103 prin API cu servicii de trimitere SMS (LinOTP Config->Provider Config->SMS Provider), genereaz\u0103 coduri pentru aplica\u021bii mobile precum Google Authenticator \u0219i multe altele. Consider c\u0103 este mai convenabil dec\u00e2t serviciul discutat \u00een pe care l-a\u021bi citit<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

Acest server func\u021bioneaz\u0103 excelent cu Cisco ASA, server OpenVPN, Apache2, \u0219i practic cu tot ce suport\u0103 autentificarea prin server RADIUS (de exemplu, pentru SSH \u00een datacenter).<\/p>\n

Este necesar:<\/p>\n

1 ) Debian 8 (jessie) \u2014 Obligatoriu!<\/b> (instalarea de prob\u0103 pe debian 9 este descris\u0103 la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul articolului)<\/p>\n

\u00cencepere:<\/p>\n

Instal\u0103m Debian 8.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nAd\u0103ug\u0103m repository-ul LinOTP:<\/p>\n

# echo 'deb http:\/\/www.linotp.org\/apt\/debian jessie linotp' > \/etc\/apt\/sources.list.d\/linotp.list<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nAd\u0103ug\u0103m cheile:<\/p>\n
# gpg --search-keys 913DFF12F86258E5<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nUneori, la o instalare \u201ecurat\u0103\u201d, dup\u0103 executarea acestei comenzi, Debian returneaz\u0103: <\/p>\n
gpg: director creat `\/root\/.gnupg' gpg: fi\u0219ier de configurare nou creat `\/root\/.gnupg\/gpg.conf' gpg: ATEN\u021aIE: parametrii din `\/root\/.gnupg\/gpg.conf' nu sunt \u00eenc\u0103 activi la acest \u00eenceput gpg: tabel de chei creat `\/root\/.gnupg\/secring.gpg' gpg: tabel de chei creat `\/root\/.gnupg\/pubring.gpg' gpg: servere de chei nelocuite (folosi\u021bi --keyserver) gpg: eroare la c\u0103utarea pe serverul de chei: URI prost\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nAceasta este configura\u021bia ini\u021bial\u0103 a gnupg. Nu este nimic \u00eenfrico\u0219\u0103tor. Pur \u0219i simplu executa\u021bi comanda din nou.
\nLa \u00eentrebarea Debiana:<\/p>\n
gpg: c\u0103utare \"913DFF12F86258E5\" pe serverul hkp keys.gnupg.net (1) LSE LinOTP2 Packaging  2048 bit RSA key F86258E5, creat: 2010-05-10 Chei 1-1 din 1 pentru \"913DFF12F86258E5\". Introduce\u021bi numerele, N) Urm\u0103torul sau Q) Iesire><\/code><\/pre>\n
\nR\u0103spundem: 1<\/p>\n
Apoi: <\/p>\n
# gpg --export 913DFF12F86258E5 | apt-key add -<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
# apt-get update<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nInstal\u0103m mysql. \u00cen teorie, se poate folosi un alt server sql, dar eu pentru simplificare voi utiliza acesta, deoarece este recomandat pentru LinOTP.<\/p>\n
(informa\u021bii suplimentare, inclusiv despre reconfigurarea bazei de date LinOTP, se pot g\u0103si \u00een documenta\u021bia oficial\u0103 de linkul<\/a><\/noindex>. Acolo se poate g\u0103si \u0219i comanda: dpkg-reconfigure linotp pentru a schimba parametrii dac\u0103 deja a\u021bi instalat mysql).<\/p>\n
# apt-get install mysql-server<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
# apt-get update<\/code><\/pre>\n
 (verificarea actualiz\u0103rilor din nou nu stric\u0103)
\nInstal\u0103m LinOTP \u0219i modulele suplimentare:<\/p>\n
# apt-get install linotp<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nR\u0103spundem la \u00eentreb\u0103rile instalatorului: 
\nUtiliz\u0103m Apache2: da
\nG\u0103si\u021bi o parol\u0103 pentru admin Linotp: \u201eParolaTa\u201d
\nGenera\u021bi un certificat auto-semnat?: da
\nUtiliza\u021bi MySQL?: da
\nUnde se afl\u0103 baza de date: localhost
\nCre\u0103m baza de date LinOTP(numele bazei) pe serverul: LinOTP2
\nCre\u0103m un utilizator separat pentru baza de date: LinOTP2
\nStabilim parola utilizatorului: \u201eParolaDumneavoastr\u0103\u201d
\nS\u0103 cre\u0103m o baz\u0103 acum? (ceva de genul \u201eSunte\u021bi sigur c\u0103 dori\u021bi s\u0103 \u2026\u201d): da
\nIntroducem parola root de MySQL pe care am creat-o la instalare: \u201eParolaDumneavoastr\u0103\u201d
\nGata.<\/p>\n
(op\u021bional, se poate \u0219i f\u0103r\u0103)<\/p>\n
# apt-get install linotp-adminclient-cli <\/code><\/pre>\n
\n(op\u021bional, se poate \u0219i f\u0103r\u0103)<\/p>\n
# apt-get install libpam-linotp  <\/code><\/pre>\n
\n\u0218i a\u0219adar, interfa\u021ba noastr\u0103 web LinOTP este acum disponibil\u0103 la adresa: <\/p>\n
"<b>https<\\\/b>: \\\/\\\/IP_server\\\/manage"<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nO s\u0103 v\u0103 spun despre set\u0103rile din interfa\u021ba web pu\u021bin mai t\u00e2rziu.<\/p>\n
Acum, cel mai important! Ridic\u0103m FreeRadius \u0219i \u00eel leg\u0103m de LinOTP.<\/p>\n
Instal\u0103m FreeRadius \u0219i modulul de lucru cu LinOTP<\/p>\n
# apt-get install freeradius linotp-freeradius-perl<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nfacem backup pentru configura\u021biile client \u0219i utilizatori ale radiusului.<\/p>\n
# mv \/etc\/freeradius\/clients.conf  \/etc\/freeradius\/clients.old<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
# mv \/etc\/freeradius\/users  \/etc\/freeradius\/users.old<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nCre\u0103m un fi\u0219ier gol pentru client:<\/p>\n
# touch \/etc\/freeradius\/clients.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nEdit\u0103m noul nostru fi\u0219ier de configurare (configura\u021bia de backup poate fi folosit\u0103 ca exemplu)<\/p>\n
# nano \/etc\/freeradius\/clients.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
client 192.168.188.0\/24 {\nsecret  = passwd # parola pentru conectarea clien\u021bilor\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nApoi, cre\u0103m fi\u0219ierul utilizatori:<\/p>\n
# touch \/etc\/freeradius\/users<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nEdit\u0103m fi\u0219ierul, spun\u00e2nd radiusului c\u0103 vom folosi perl pentru autentificare.<\/p>\n
# nano \/etc\/freeradius\/users<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
DEFAULT Auth-type := perl<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nApoi edit\u0103m fi\u0219ierul \/etc\/freeradius\/modules\/perl<\/p>\n
# nano \/etc\/freeradius\/modules\/perl<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nTrebuie s\u0103 specific\u0103m calea c\u0103tre scriptul perl linotp \u00een parametru module: <\/p>\n
Perl { .......\n.........\nmodule = \/usr\/lib\/linotp\/radius_linotp.pm<\/code><\/pre>\n
\n\u2026..
\nApoi, cre\u0103m un fi\u0219ier \u00een care spunem din ce (domeniu, baz\u0103 sau fi\u0219ier) s\u0103 lu\u0103m datele.<\/p>\n
# touch \/etc\/linotp2\/rlm_perl.ini<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
# nano \/etc\/linotp2\/rlm_perl.ini<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
URL=https:\/\/IP_serverului_Dumneavoastr\u0103_LinOTP(192.168.X.X)\/validate\/simplecheck\nREALM=webusers1c\nRESCONF=LocalUser\nDebug=True\nSSL_CHECK=False<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nAici m\u0103 voi opri pu\u021bin mai \u00een detaliu, deoarece este important:<\/p>\n
Descriere complet\u0103 a fi\u0219ierului cu comentarii:
\n#IP of the linotp server (IP \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e LinOTP \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430)
\nURL=https:\/\/172.17.14.103\/validate\/simplecheck
\n#\u041d\u0430\u0448\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u044e \u043c\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c \u0432 \u0432\u0435\u0431 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0435 LinOTP.)
\nREALM=rearm1
\n#\u0418\u043c\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b \u044e\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0432\u0435\u0431\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0435 LinOTP.
\nRESCONF=flat_file
\n#optional: comment out if everything seems to work fine
\nDebug=True
\n#optional: use this, if you have selfsigned certificates, otherwise comment out (SSL \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442 \u0438 \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0442\u044c)
\nSSL_CHECK=False<\/p>\n
Apoi, vom crea fi\u0219ierul \/etc\/freeradius\/sites-available\/linotp<\/p>\n
# touch \/etc\/freeradius\/sites-available\/linotp<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
# nano \/etc\/freeradius\/sites-available\/linotp<\/code><\/pre>\n
\n\u0218i vom copia configura\u021bia \u00een el (nu trebuie s\u0103 modific\u0103m nimic):<\/p>\n
authorize {\n#normalizeaz\u0103 cererile clientului malformate \u00eenainte de a le transmite altor module (vezi '\/etc\/freeradius\/modules\/preprocess')\npreprocess\n# Dac\u0103 utiliza\u021bi mai multe tipuri de realm-uri, probabil\n# dori\u021bi s\u0103 seta\u021bi \"ignore_null = yes\" pentru toate.\n# Altfel, c\u00e2nd primul stil de realm nu se potrive\u0219te,\n# celelalte stiluri nu vor fi verificate.\n# permite o list\u0103 de realm-uri (vezi '\/etc\/freeradius\/modules\/realm')\nIPASS\n#\u00een\u021belege ceva de genul USER@REALM \u0219i poate distinge componentele (vezi '\/etc\/freeradius\/modules\/realm')\nsuffix\n#\u00een\u021belege USERREALM \u0219i poate distinge componentele (vezi '\/etc\/freeradius\/modules\/realm')\nntdomain\n# Cite\u0219te fi\u0219ierul 'users' pentru a \u00eenv\u0103\u021ba despre configur\u0103rile speciale care ar trebui aplicate pentru\n# anumi\u021bi utilizatori (vezi '\/etc\/freeradius\/modules\/files')\nfiles\n# permite s\u0103 expire autentificarea (vezi '\/etc\/freeradius\/modules\/expiration')\nexpiration\n# permite definirea timpilor de serviciu valida\u021bi (vezi '\/etc\/freeradius\/modules\/logintime')\nlogintime\n# Nu avem radius_shortname_map!\npap\n}\n#aici modulul perl linotp este apelat pentru procesare ulterioar\u0103\nauthenticate {\nperl\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nApoi vom face un link simbolic:<\/p>\n
# ln -s ..\/sites-available\/linotp \/etc\/freeradius\/sites-enabled<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nPersonal, eu distrug site-urile default Radius, dar dac\u0103 ave\u021bi nevoie de ele, pute\u021bi fie s\u0103 edita\u021bi configura\u021bia lor, fie s\u0103 le dezactiva\u021bi.<\/p>\n
# rm \/etc\/freeradius\/sites-enabled\/default<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
# rm \/etc\/freeradius\/sites-enabled\/inner-tunnel<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
# service freeradius reload<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nAcum s\u0103 ne \u00eentoarcem la interfa\u021ba web \u0219i s\u0103 o analiz\u0103m un pic mai \u00een detaliu:
\n\u00cen col\u021bul din dreapta sus, facem clic pe LinOTP Config -> UserIdResolvers -> New
\nAlegem ce dorim: LDAP (AD win, LDAP samba), sau SQL, sau utilizatori locali cu sistemul Flatfile. <\/p>\n
Completa\u021bi c\u00e2mpurile necesare.<\/p>\n
Apoi cre\u0103m REALMS:
\n\u00cen col\u021bul din dreapta sus, facem clic pe LinOTP Config -> Realms -> New. 
\n\u0219i d\u0103m un nume REALMS-ului nostru, precum \u0219i facem clic pe UserIdResolvers creat anterior.<\/p>\n
Toate aceste date sunt necesare pentru freeRadius \u00een fi\u0219ierul \/etc\/linotp2\/rlm_perl.ini, despre care am men\u021bionat mai sus, a\u0219a c\u0103, dac\u0103 nu l-a\u021bi editat atunci, face\u021bi-o acum.<\/p>\n
Toate serverul este configurat.<\/p>\n
Ad\u0103ugare:<\/p>\n
Configurarea LinOTP pe Debian 9<\/b>:<\/p>\n
Instalare: <\/p>\n
# echo 'deb http:\/\/linotp.org\/apt\/debian stretch linotp' > \/etc\/apt\/sources.list.d\/linotp.list <\/code><\/pre>\n
# apt-get install dirmngr<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
# apt-key adv --recv-keys 913DFF12F86258E5\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
# apt-get update<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
# apt-get install mysql-server<\/code><\/pre>\n
 (implicit, \u00een Debian 9 mysql (mariaDB) nu ofer\u0103 op\u021biunea de a seta o parol\u0103 pentru utilizatorul root, bine\u00een\u021beles c\u0103 pute\u021bi s\u0103 o l\u0103sa\u021bi goal\u0103, dar dac\u0103 citi\u021bi \u0219tirile, observa\u021bi c\u0103 acest lucru duce adesea la \"epic fail-uri\", a\u0219a c\u0103 o vom seta totu\u0219i)<\/p>\n
# mysql -u root -p<\/code><\/pre>\n
use mysql;<\/code><\/pre>\n
UPDATE user SET Password = PASSWORD('aici_parola') WHERE User = 'root';\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
exit<\/code><\/pre>\n
# apt-get install linotp<\/code><\/pre>\n
# apt-get install linotp-adminclient-cli<\/code><\/pre>\n
# apt-get install python-ldap<\/code><\/pre>\n
# apt install freeradius<\/code><\/pre>\n
# nano \/etc\/freeradius\/3.0\/sites-enabled\/linotp<\/code><\/pre>\n
Introducem codul (trimis de JuriM, pentru care \u00eei mul\u021bumesc!):<\/p>\n
server linotp {
\nlisten {
\n ipaddr = *
\n port = 1812
\n type = auth
\n}
\nlisten {
\n ipaddr = *
\n port = 1813
\n type = acct
\n}
\nauthorize { 
\n preprocess
\n update { 
\n &control:Auth-Type := Perl
\n } 
\n} 
\nauthenticate {
\n Auth-Type Perl {
\n perl
\n }
\n}
\naccounting {
\n unix
\n}
\n}<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
Edit\u0103m \/etc\/freeradius\/3.0\/mods-enabled\/perl<\/p>\n
perl {
\n filename = \/usr\/share\/linotp\/radius_linotp.pm
\n func_authenticate = authenticate
\n func_authorize = authorize
\n}<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
Din p\u0103cate, \u00een debian 9 biblioteca radius_linotp.pm nu se instaleaz\u0103 din depozite, a\u0219a c\u0103 o vom lua de pe github.<\/p>\n
# apt install git<\/code><\/pre>\n
# git clone https:\/\/github.com\/LinOTP\/linotp-auth-freeradius-perl<\/code><\/pre>\n
# cd linotp-auth-freeradius-perl\/<\/code><\/pre>\n
# cp radius_linotp.pm \/usr\/share\/linotp\/radius_linotp.pm<\/code><\/pre>\n
Acum s\u0103 ajust\u0103m \/etc\/freeradius\/3.0\/clients.conf <\/p>\n
client servers {
\n ipaddr = 192.168.188.0\/24
\n secret = parolaTa
\n}<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
Acum s\u0103 ajust\u0103m nano \/etc\/linotp2\/rlm_perl.ini<\/p>\n
Introducem acolo acela\u0219i cod ca \u0219i la instalarea pe debian 8 (descris mai sus)<\/p>\n
teoretic, asta e tot. (\u00eenc\u0103 ne-testat)<\/p>\n
Voi l\u0103sa mai jos c\u00e2teva linkuri despre configurarea sistemelor care, de obicei, necesit\u0103 protec\u021bie prin autentificare \u00een dou\u0103 etape: 
\nConfigurarea autentific\u0103rii \u00een dou\u0103 etape \u00een Apache2<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n
Configurarea cu Cisco ASA<\/a><\/noindex>(acolo este folosit un alt server pentru generarea token-urilor, dar set\u0103rile ASA-sunt acelea\u0219i).<\/p>\n
VPN cu autentificare \u00een dou\u0103 etape<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n
Configurare autentificarea \u00een dou\u0103 etape \u00een ssh<\/a><\/noindex> (de asemenea, se folose\u0219te LinOTP) \u2014 mul\u021bumiri autorului. Acolo pute\u021bi g\u0103si lucruri interesante despre configurarea politicilor LiOTP.<\/p>\n
De asemenea, CMS-ul multor site-uri suport\u0103 autentificarea \u00een dou\u0103 etape (pentru WordPress, LinOTP are chiar un modul special pe github<\/a><\/noindex>), de exemplu, dac\u0103 dori\u021bi s\u0103 crea\u021bi o sec\u021biune protejat\u0103 pentru angaja\u021bii companiei pe site-ul dumneavoastr\u0103 corporativ.
\nFACT IMPORTANT! DO NOT check the 'Google authenticator' box for using Google Authenticator! The QR code will not be readable then... (strange fact)<\/p>\n
Information from the following articles was used for writing the article:
\nitnan.ru\/post.php?c=1&p=270571<\/a><\/noindex>
\nwww.digitalbears.net\/?p=469<\/a><\/noindex> <\/p>\n
Thank you to the authors.
\n
Sursa: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u044f \u0445\u043e\u0447\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445\u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438, \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432,ssh. \u041d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u043a\u0430: LinOTP + FreeRadius. \u0417\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043c \u043e\u043d \u043d\u0430\u043c? \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e 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