{"id":37009,"date":"2019-10-31T22:15:16","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:15:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/ob-adminah-devopsah-beskonechnoj-putanitse-i-devops-transformatsii-vnutri-kompanii\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:15:16","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:15:16","slug":"ob-adminah-devopsah-beskonechnoj-putanitse-i-devops-transformatsii-vnutri-kompanii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/ob-adminah-devopsah-beskonechnoj-putanitse-i-devops-transformatsii-vnutri-kompanii","title":{"rendered":"Despre administratori, devops, confuzia infinit\u0103 \u0219i transformarea DevOps \u00een cadrul companiei","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Despre
\n
\nCe este necesar pentru succesul unei companii IT \u00een 2019? Lectorii de la conferin\u021be \u0219i meet-up-uri spun multe cuvinte zgomotoase \u0219i nu \u00eentotdeauna \u00een\u021belese de oamenii obi\u0219nui\u021bi. Lupta pentru timpul de deplasare, microserviciile, renun\u021barea la monolit, transformarea DevOps \u0219i multe, multe altele. Dac\u0103 l\u0103s\u0103m la o parte frumuse\u021bea verbal\u0103 \u0219i vorbim direct \u0219i simplu, totul se reduce la o tez\u0103 simpl\u0103: face\u021bi un produs de calitate, f\u0103c\u00e2ndu-l \u00een mod confortabil pentru echip\u0103.<\/p>\n

Acesta din urm\u0103 a devenit critic. Afacerea a ajuns \u00een cele din urm\u0103 la g\u00e2ndul c\u0103 un proces confortabil de dezvoltare cre\u0219te productivitatea, iar dac\u0103 totul este bine reglat \u0219i func\u021bioneaz\u0103 ca un ceas, atunci ofer\u0103 \u0219i o oarecare marj\u0103 de manevr\u0103 \u00een situa\u021bii critice. C\u00e2ndva, pentru aceast\u0103 marj\u0103, un anumit om \u00een\u021belept a inventat backup-urile, dar industria a evoluat \u0219i am ajuns la inginerii DevOps - persoane care transform\u0103 procesul de interac\u021biune \u00eentre dezvoltare \u0219i infrastructura extern\u0103 \u00eentr-un ceva adecvat \u0219i f\u0103r\u0103 leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu \u015famanismul.<\/p>\n

\u00centreaga aceast\u0103 poveste despre \u201epe module\u201d este minunat\u0103, dar\u2026 S-a \u00eent\u00e2mplat ca o parte din administratori s\u0103 fie brusc eticheta\u021bi ca DevOps, iar de la proprii ingineri DevOps s-au cerut, ca minim, abilit\u0103\u021bi de telepatie \u0219i clarviziune.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\n\u00cenainte de a vorbi despre problemele moderne ale asigur\u0103rii infrastructurii, s\u0103 ne definim ce \u00een\u021belegem prin acest termen. La momentul actual, situa\u021bia s-a desf\u0103\u0219urat astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t am ajuns la dualitatea acestui concept: infrastructura poate fi condi\u021bionat extern\u0103 \u0219i condi\u021bionat intern\u0103. <\/p>\n

Prin infrastructura extern\u0103 se \u00een\u021belege tot ceea ce asigur\u0103 func\u021bionarea serviciului sau produsului de care se ocup\u0103 echipa. Acestea sunt servere de aplica\u021bii sau site-uri, hosting<\/a> \u0219i alte servicii care asigur\u0103 func\u021bionarea produsului. <\/p>\n

Infrastructura intern\u0103 include servicii \u0219i echipamente utilizate de echipa de dezvoltare \u0219i al\u021bi angaja\u021bi, care de obicei nu sunt pu\u021bini. Acestea sunt servere interne pentru sistemele de stocare a codului, un manager de sarcini desf\u0103\u0219urat local \u0219i tot ce exist\u0103 \u00een cadrul intranet-ului corporativ.<\/p>\n

Ce face administratorul de sistem \u00een companie? \u00cen afar\u0103 de administrarea intranetului corporativ, el se ocup\u0103 adesea \u0219i de asigurarea func\u021bion\u0103rii echipamentelor de birou. Administratorul este persoana care aduce rapid un nou desktop sau un laptop de rezerv\u0103 gata de lucru, ofer\u0103 o tastatur\u0103 proasp\u0103t\u0103 \u0219i se t\u00e2r\u0103\u0219te pe podea \u00een birouri pentru a \u00eentinde un cablu Ethernet. Administratorul este st\u0103p\u00e2nul local, control\u00e2nd nu doar resursele interne, ci \u0219i externe. servere<\/a>, dar este \u0219i un bun gospodar. Da, unii administratori pot lucra doar \u00een domeniul sistemelor, f\u0103r\u0103 a se ocupa de hardware. Ace\u0219tia ar trebui separa\u021bi \u00eentr-o subcategorie numit\u0103 \u201eadministratori de sistem infrastructurali\u201d. Al\u021bii se specializeaz\u0103 exclusiv \u00een \u00eentre\u021binerea echipamentelor de birou, mai ales dac\u0103 compania are mai mult de o sut\u0103 de angaja\u021bi, munca nu se termin\u0103 niciodat\u0103. Dar nici ace\u0219tia, nici ceilal\u021bi nu sunt devops.<\/p>\n

\u0218i cine sunt devops? Devops-ii sunt cei care se ocup\u0103 de interac\u021biunea \u00eentre dezvoltarea software-ului \u0219i infrastructura extern\u0103. Mai precis, devops-ii moderni sunt implica\u021bi \u00een procesele de dezvoltare \u0219i implementare mult mai profund dec\u00e2t au fost vreodat\u0103 administratorii care doar \u00eenc\u0103rcau actualiz\u0103rile pe ftp. Una dintre sarcinile cheie ale inginerului DevOps \u00een prezent este s\u0103 asigure un proces confortabil \u0219i eficientes \u00eentre echipele de dezvoltare \u0219i infrastructura produsului. Ace\u0219ti oameni sunt responsabili pentru implementarea sistemelor de rollback \u0219i de deployment, ace\u0219tia reduc o parte din \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103tura dezvoltorilor \u0219i se concentreaz\u0103 c\u00e2t mai mult pe sarcina lor extrem de important\u0103. Totu\u0219i, un devops nu va trasa un cablu nou sau nu va aduce un laptop din depozit (c) KO. <\/p>\n

Care este capcana?<\/h4>\n

\nLa \u00eentrebarea \u201eCine este DevOps?\u201d jum\u0103tate dintre angaja\u021bii din domeniu \u00eencep s\u0103 r\u0103spund\u0103 ceva de genul \u201eEi bine, acesta este, pe scurt, un admin care\u2026\u201d \u0219i continu\u0103. Da, cu mult timp \u00een urm\u0103, c\u00e2nd profesia de inginer DevOps abia \u00eencepea s\u0103 se dezvolte din cei mai talenta\u021bi administratori \u00een materie de servicii, diferen\u021bele \u00eentre ele nu erau evidente pentru to\u021bi. Dar acum, c\u00e2nd func\u021biile de DevOps \u0219i admin \u00een echip\u0103 au devenit radical diferite, a le confunda sau a le considera egale este inacceptabil.<\/p>\n

\u00cens\u0103, care sunt implica\u021biile pentru afacere?<\/p>\n

Angajarea, aici intervine totul. <\/p>\n

Deschide\u021bi un anun\u021b de angajare pentru \u201eAdministrator sistem\u201d \u0219i acolo sunt enumerate cerin\u021bele \u201einterac\u021biune cu dezvoltarea \u0219i clien\u021bii\u201d, \u201esistem de livrare CI\/CD\u201d, \u201e\u00eentre\u021binerea serverelor \u0219i echipamentelor companiei\u201d, \u201eadministrarea sistemelor interne\u201d \u0219i a\u0219a mai departe; \u00een\u021belege\u021bi c\u0103 angajatorul spune ceva absurd. Problema este c\u0103, \u00een loc de \u201eAdministrator sistem\u201d \u00een titlul anun\u021bului de angajare ar trebui s\u0103 scrie \u201eInginer DevOps\u201d, iar dac\u0103 schimba\u021bi acest titlu, totul \u00ee\u0219i revine la normal.<\/p>\n

\u00cens\u0103, ce impresie se formeaz\u0103 citind un astfel de anun\u021b de angajare? C\u0103 firma caut\u0103 un \u201emulti-tasker\u201d, care va implementa at\u00e2t sistemul de control al versiunilor, c\u00e2t \u0219i monitorizarea, \u0219i va lucra la diverse lucruri cu din\u021bii\u2026<\/p>\n

\u0218i, pentru a nu amplifica haosul pe pia\u021ba muncii, este suficient s\u0103 numim anun\u021burile de angajare pe numele lor \u0219i s\u0103 \u00een\u021belegem clar c\u0103 inginerul DevOps \u0219i administratorul sistem sunt dou\u0103 entit\u0103\u021bi diferite. Cu toate acestea, dorin\u021ba insa\u021biabil\u0103 a unor angajatori de a solicita un set c\u00e2t mai larg de cerin\u021be duce la faptul c\u0103 administratorii de sistem \u201eclasic\u201d nu mai \u00een\u021beleg ce se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 \u00een jurul lor. Ce, profesia se transform\u0103 \u0219i ei au r\u0103mas \u00een urm\u0103?<\/p>\n

Nu, nu \u0219i \u00eenc\u0103 o dat\u0103 nu. Administratorii infrastructurii, care vor gestiona serverele interne ale companiei sau vor ocupa func\u021bii de suport L2\/L3 \u0219i vor ajuta al\u021bi angaja\u021bi, nu au disp\u0103rut \u0219i nu au de g\u00e2nd s\u0103 plece.<\/p>\n

Poate deveni\u021bi ingineri DevOps? Desigur, pot. De fapt, aceasta este o mediu apropiat, care necesit\u0103 abilit\u0103\u021bi de administrare a sistemelor, dar pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 acestea, se adaug\u0103 lucrul cu monitorizarea, sistemele de livrare \u0219i, \u00een general, o colaborare str\u00e2ns\u0103 cu echipa de dezvoltare \u0219i testare.<\/p>\n

O alt\u0103 problem\u0103 a DevOps<\/h4>\n

\nDe fapt, angajarea \u0219i confuzia constant\u0103 \u00eentre administratori \u0219i DevOps nu sunt singurele probleme. \u00centr-un anumit moment, afacerea s-a confruntat cu dificult\u0103\u021bi \u00een livrarea actualiz\u0103rilor \u0219i \u00een interac\u021biunea echipei de dezvoltare cu infrastructura final\u0103.<\/p>\n

Poate c\u0103 atunci a urcat pe scena unei conferin\u021be un tip cu ochii sclipind \u0219i a spus: \u201eA\u0219a facem noi \u0219i numim asta DevOps. Ace\u0219ti oameni vor rezolva toate problemele voastre\u201d \u2014 \u0219i a \u00eenceput s\u0103 povesteasc\u0103 c\u00e2t de bine \u00eei merge companiei dup\u0103 implementarea practicilor DevOps.<\/p>\n

Cu toate acestea, nu este suficient s\u0103 angajezi un inginer DevOps pentru ca totul s\u0103 func\u021bioneze \u201ea\u0219a cum trebuie\u201d. Compania trebuie s\u0103 treac\u0103 printr-o transformare DevOps complet\u0103, adic\u0103 rolul \u0219i oportunit\u0103\u021bile devops-ului nostru trebuie s\u0103 fie recunoscute \u0219i de echipa de dezvoltare \u0219i testare a produsului. Avem o \u201efrumoas\u0103\u201d poveste despre acest subiect, care ilustreaz\u0103 pe deplin toate momentele dificile care se petrec uneori.<\/p>\n

Situa\u021bia. De la DevOps se cere s\u0103 implementeze un sistem de restaurare a versiunilor, f\u0103r\u0103 a se implica prea mult \u00een modul \u00een care va func\u021biona. S\u0103 presupunem c\u0103, \u00een sistemul Users, exist\u0103 c\u00e2mpuri distincte pentru nume, prenume \u0219i parol\u0103. Se lanseaz\u0103 o nou\u0103 versiune a produsului, dar pentru dezvoltatori \"restaurarea\" este doar o baghet\u0103 magic\u0103 care repar\u0103 totul, iar ei nici m\u0103car nu \u00ee\u0219i imagineaz\u0103 cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103. A\u0219adar, de exemplu, dezvoltatorii \u00een cadrul unei actualiz\u0103ri au combinat c\u00e2mpurile de nume \u0219i prenume, l-au lansat \u00een produc\u021bie, iar versiunea se blocheaz\u0103 din anumite motive. Ce se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103? Conducerea se duce la DevOps \u0219i \u00eei spune \u201eTrage firul!\u201d, adic\u0103 \u00eei cere s\u0103 se \u00eentoarc\u0103 la versiunea anterioar\u0103. Ce face DevOps? Se \u00eentoarce la versiunea anterioar\u0103, dar deoarece dezvoltatorii nu au vrut s\u0103 se implice \u00een modul \u00een care se face aceast\u0103 restaurare, nimeni nu i-a spus lui DevOps c\u0103 trebuie s\u0103 restaureze \u0219i baza de date. \u00cen cele din urm\u0103, totul se pr\u0103bu\u0219e\u0219te, iar utilizatorii, \u00een loc de un site lent, v\u0103d eroarea \u201e500\u201d, deoarece vechea versiune nu func\u021bioneaz\u0103 cu c\u00e2mpurile noii baze de date. DevOps nu este la curent cu asta. Dezvoltatorii tac. Conducerea \u00eencepe s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i piard\u0103 nervii \u0219i bani \u0219i \u00ee\u0219i aminte\u0219te de copii de siguran\u021b\u0103, propun\u00e2nd s\u0103 se restaureze din acestea, pentru a avea \u201e m\u0103car ceva care s\u0103 func\u021bioneze\u201d. Ca urmare, utilizatorii \u00ee\u0219i pierd toate datele pentru o anumit\u0103 perioad\u0103 de timp.<\/p>\n

Desigur, DevOps prime\u0219te critici, c\u0103ci \"nu a f\u0103cut un sistem de restaurare corect\", dar faptul c\u0103 vinova\u021bii \u00een aceast\u0103 poveste sunt dezvoltatorii, pe nimeni nu pare s\u0103-l intereseze.<\/p>\n

Concluzia este simpl\u0103: f\u0103r\u0103 o abordare corect\u0103 a DevOps, efectul nu este foarte mare.
\nCel mai important lucru de re\u021binut este c\u0103 inginerul DevOps nu este magician, iar f\u0103r\u0103 comunic\u0103ri de calitate \u0219i interac\u021biune bidirec\u021bional\u0103 cu dezvoltarea, el nu va putea s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i \u00eendeplineasc\u0103 sarcinile. DevOps nu poate fi l\u0103sat singur cu \"problemele\" sale sau s\u0103 i se spun\u0103 \u201enu te b\u0103ga la dezvoltatori, ei se ocup\u0103 de cod\u201d, apoi s\u0103 ne a\u0219tept\u0103m ca \u00een momente critice s\u0103 func\u021bioneze totul cum trebuie. A\u0219a ceva nu func\u021bioneaz\u0103.<\/p>\n

\u00cen esen\u021b\u0103, DevOps reprezint\u0103 competen\u021be situate la intersec\u021bia dintre management \u0219i tehnologie. \u00cen mod surprinz\u0103tor, nu este evident c\u0103 \u00een aceast\u0103 combina\u021bie tehnologic\u0103 ar trebui s\u0103 existe mai mult management dec\u00e2t tehnologie. Dac\u0103 dori\u021bi cu adev\u0103rat s\u0103 construi\u021bi procese de dezvoltare mai rapide \u0219i mai eficiente, trebuie s\u0103 ave\u021bi \u00eencredere \u00een DevOps-ul dumneavoastr\u0103. El cunoa\u0219te instrumentele necesare, a realizat proiecte similare \u0219i \u0219tie cum s\u0103 fac\u0103. Ajuta\u021bi-l, asculta\u021bi-i sfaturile, nu \u00eencerca\u021bi s\u0103-l izola\u021bi \u00eentr-o unitate autonom\u0103. Dac\u0103 administratorii pot lucra de unii singuri, \u00een acest caz, DevOps-ii devin inutili; ei nu v\u0103 pot ajuta s\u0103 deveni\u021bi mai buni dac\u0103 nu dori\u021bi s\u0103 accepta\u021bi aceast\u0103 ajutor.<\/p>\n

\u0218i un ultim lucru: destul cu sup\u0103rarea administratorilor de infrastructur\u0103. Au un front de munc\u0103 propriu, extrem de important. Da, un administrator poate deveni inginer DevOps, dar acest lucru ar trebui s\u0103 se \u00eent\u00e2mple din dorin\u021ba propriei persoane, nu sub presiune. Nu este nimic gre\u0219it \u00een faptul c\u0103 un administrator de sistem dore\u0219te s\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 administrator de sistem \u2014 aceasta este o profesie separat\u0103 \u0219i un drept al s\u0103u. Dac\u0103 exist\u0103 dorin\u021ba de a trece printr-o transformare profesional\u0103, atunci nu trebuie s\u0103 uit\u0103m c\u0103 va trebui s\u0103 dezvolta\u021bi nu doar abilit\u0103\u021bi tehnologice, ci \u0219i abilit\u0103\u021bi de management. Este foarte posibil ca s\u0103 fie nevoie de dumneavoastr\u0103 ca lider s\u0103 aduce\u021bi to\u021bi ace\u0219ti oameni \u00eempreun\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 \u00eei \u00eenv\u0103\u021ba\u021bi s\u0103 comunice \u00een aceea\u0219i limb\u0103.
\n
Sursa: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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