{"id":37082,"date":"2019-10-31T22:15:40","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:15:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/4-sposoba-sekonomit-na-bekapah-v-oblake\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:15:40","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:15:40","slug":"4-sposoba-sekonomit-na-bekapah-v-oblake","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/4-sposoba-sekonomit-na-bekapah-v-oblake","title":{"rendered":"4 modalit\u0103\u021bi de a economisi pe backup-urile din cloud","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"4
\nBackup-ul ma\u0219inilor virtuale este un domeniu la care trebuie s\u0103 acord\u0103m o aten\u021bie deosebit\u0103 \u00een optimizarea costurilor companiei. \u00ce\u021bi explic\u0103m cum po\u021bi configura backup-uri \u00een cloud \u0219i economisi bugetul.
\n<\/i><\/a><\/noindex>
\nBazele de date sunt un activ valoros pentru orice companie. De aceea, ma\u0219inile virtuale au devenit populare. Utilizatorii pot lucra \u00eentr-un mediu virtual care ofer\u0103 protec\u021bie \u00eempotriva pierderii fizice a datelor \u0219i a scurgerilor de informa\u021bii confiden\u021biale. <\/p>\n

Majoritatea companiilor mari \u0219i medii depind, \u00eentr-o form\u0103 sau alta, de ma\u0219inile virtuale. Acestea stocheaz\u0103 o cantitate uria\u0219\u0103 de informa\u021bii critice. De aceea, este at\u00e2t de important s\u0103 ne asigur\u0103m c\u0103 backup-urile sunt create, pentru a evita zilele de \u201eoops\u201d c\u00e2nd o baz\u0103 de date care a fost alimentat\u0103 timp de ani de zile devine brusc corupt\u0103 sau inaccesibil\u0103.<\/p>\n

\u00cen general, companiile creeaz\u0103 backup-uri ale ma\u0219inilor lor virtuale \u0219i le stocheaz\u0103 \u00een centre de date separate. Dac\u0103 centrul de prelucrare original devine dintr-o dat\u0103 ineficient, se poate restabili rapid din backup. Este ideal ca backup-ul s\u0103 fie p\u0103strat \u00een centre de date diferite, a\u0219a cum face Cloud4Y<\/a><\/noindex>. Cu toate acestea, majoritatea providen\u021bilor nu pot oferi un astfel de serviciu sau cer bani suplimentari pentru acesta. Drept urmare, stocarea backup-urilor devine o cheltuial\u0103 considerabil\u0103.<\/p>\n

Totu\u0219i, utilizarea ra\u021bional\u0103 a capacit\u0103\u021bilor cloud poate reduce povara financiar\u0103.<\/p>\n

De ce tocmai cloud-ul?<\/h2>\n

\nBackup-urile VM sunt convenabil de stocat pe platformele cloud. Pe pia\u021b\u0103 exist\u0103 numeroase solu\u021bii care simplific\u0103 procesul de backup \u0219i restaurare a ma\u0219inilor virtuale. Cu ajutorul acestora, po\u021bi organiza o restaurare continu\u0103 a datelor de pe ma\u0219inile virtuale \u0219i asigura servicii stabile pentru aplica\u021biile care depind de aceste date.<\/p>\n

Procesul de backup poate fi automatizat \u00een func\u021bie de fi\u0219ierele care trebuie salvate \u0219i de frecven\u021ba cu care acestea sunt necesare. Cloud-ul nu are limite rigide. Compania poate alege func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bile \u0219i performan\u021ba care corespund nevoilor lor de afaceri \u0219i pl\u0103ti doar pentru resursele consumate. <\/p>\n

Infrastructura local\u0103 nu ofer\u0103 aceast\u0103 posibilitate. Trebuie s\u0103 pl\u0103ti\u021bi dintr-o dat\u0103 pentru toat\u0103 echipamentul (inclusiv pentru cel inactiv), iar atunci c\u00e2nd este necesar\u0103 cre\u0219terea performan\u021bei, trebuie s\u0103 achizi\u021biona\u021bi mai multe servere, ceea ce duce la cre\u0219terea cheltuielilor. Cloud4Y ofer\u0103 4 modalit\u0103\u021bi de a reduce costurile pentru backup-ul bazelor de date. <\/p>\n

A\u0219adar, cum putem economisi?<\/h2>\n

\nBackup incremental<\/b><\/p>\n

Compania trebuie s\u0103 fac\u0103 backup regulat datelor critice. Totu\u0219i, aceste date cresc \u00een volum \u00een timp. Drept urmare, fiecare backup ulterior ocup\u0103 din ce \u00een ce mai mult spa\u021biu \u0219i necesit\u0103 mai mult timp pentru a fi \u00eenc\u0103rcat \u00een stocare. Pute\u021bi simplifica procedura prin stocarea backup-urilor incrementale.<\/p>\n

Abordarea incremental\u0103 presupune c\u0103 face\u021bi backup doar o singur\u0103 dat\u0103 sau la anumite intervale de timp (\u00een func\u021bie de strategia de backup). Fiecare backup ulterior con\u021bine doar modific\u0103rile aduse la backup-ul ini\u021bial. Deoarece backup-ul se execut\u0103 mai rar \u0219i sunt rezervate doar noile modific\u0103ri, organiza\u021biile nu trebuie s\u0103 pl\u0103teasc\u0103 pentru transferul unor volume mari de date cloud.<\/p>\n

Limitarea fi\u0219ierelor sau parti\u021biilor de swap<\/b><\/p>\n

Uneori, memoria RAM a unei ma\u0219ini virtuale poate fi insuficient\u0103 pentru a stoca aplica\u021biile \u0219i datele sistemului de operare. \u00cen acest caz, sistemul de operare ocup\u0103 o parte din hard disk pentru a stoca date suplimentare. Aceste date se numesc fi\u0219ier de swap sau parti\u021bie de swap, \u00een func\u021bie de Windows sau Linux.<\/p>\n

\u00cen general, fi\u0219ierele de swap sunt de 1,5 ori mai mari dec\u00e2t RAM. Datele din aceste fi\u0219iere se schimb\u0103 regulat. \u0218i de fiecare dat\u0103 c\u00e2nd se face un backup, aceste fi\u0219iere sunt, de asemenea, rezervate. A\u0219adar, ar fi mai bine s\u0103 excluzem aceste fi\u0219iere din backup. Ele vor ocupa prea mult spa\u021biu \u00een cloud, deoarece sistemul le va salva la fiecare backup (fi\u0219ierele se schimb\u0103 constant!). <\/p>\n

\u00cen general, esen\u021ba este s\u0103 face\u021bi backup doar pentru acele date care sunt cu adev\u0103rat necesare companiei. Iar cele inutile, cum ar fi fi\u0219ierul de swap, nu merit\u0103 s\u0103 fie salvate.<\/p>\n

Duplicarea \u0219i arhivarea backup-urilor<\/b><\/p>\n

Backup-urile ma\u0219inilor virtuale ocup\u0103 mult spa\u021biu, de aceea este necesar\u0103 rezervarea unei capacit\u0103\u021bi mai mari \u00een \u201ecloud\u201d. Prin urmare, se poate economisi prin reducerea volumului copiilor de rezerv\u0103. Aici poate ajuta deduplicarea. Acest proces const\u0103 \u00een copierea doar a blocurilor de date modificate \u0219i \u00eenlocuirea copiilor blocurilor neschimbate cu un link c\u0103tre blocurile originale. De asemenea, se pot folosi diverse arhivatoare pentru a comprima copia de rezerv\u0103 final\u0103, economisind astfel \u0219i mai mult spa\u021biu.<\/p>\n

Aceast\u0103 tem\u0103 este deosebit de relevant\u0103 dac\u0103 urma\u021bi regula \u201e3-2-1\u201d referitoare la stocarea copiilor de rezerv\u0103. Regula spune c\u0103 pentru a asigura un stocare sigur\u0103 a datelor, este necesar s\u0103 ave\u021bi cel pu\u021bin TREI copii de rezerv\u0103, stocate \u00een dou\u0103 formate diferite de stocare, iar UNA dintre copii ar trebui s\u0103 fie stocat\u0103 \u00een afara stoc\u0103rii principale.<\/p>\n

Acest principiu de asigurare a redundan\u021bei datelor presupune o redundan\u021b\u0103 a stoc\u0103rii datelor, a\u0219adar, reducerea volumului de backup va fi evident benefic\u0103.<\/p>\n

Politica de stocare GFS (Grandfather-Father-Son)<\/b><\/p>\n

Cum este organizat\u0103 procedura de creare \u0219i stocare a backup-urilor \u00een majoritatea companiilor? Ei bine, nu este organizat\u0103 deloc! Organiza\u021biile creeaz\u0103 copii de rezerv\u0103 \u0219i... uit\u0103 de ele. Timp de luni sau chiar ani. Acest lucru duce la cheltuieli inutile pe date care nu sunt niciodat\u0103 utilizate. Cea mai bun\u0103 modalitate de a gestiona acest lucru este de a utiliza politici de stocare. Aceste politici definesc c\u00e2te copii de rezerv\u0103 pot fi stocate \u00een cloud simultan. <\/p>\n

Cea mai simpl\u0103 politic\u0103 de stocare a backup-urilor este explicat\u0103 prin principiul \u201eprimul venit, primul servit\u201d. Prin aceast\u0103 politic\u0103 se p\u0103streaz\u0103 un num\u0103r specific de copii de rezerv\u0103, iar dup\u0103 atingerea limitei, cea mai veche este \u0219tears\u0103 pentru a elibera spa\u021biu pentru cea mai nou\u0103. Totu\u0219i, aceast\u0103 strategie nu este foarte eficient\u0103, mai ales dac\u0103 trebuie s\u0103 asigura\u021bi un num\u0103r maxim de puncte de restaurare \u00eentr-un volum de stocare minim. \u00cen plus, exist\u0103 reglement\u0103ri legislative \u0219i corporative care impun p\u0103strarea datelor pe o perioad\u0103 mai lung\u0103.<\/p>\n

Aceast\u0103 problem\u0103 poate fi rezolvat\u0103 folosind politica GFS (Bunic-P\u0103rinte-Fiu). 'Fiu' este cel mai frecvent tip de backup, de exemplu, zilnic. Iar 'bunic' este cel mai rar, cum ar fi lunar. De fiecare dat\u0103 c\u00e2nd se creeaz\u0103 un nou backup zilnic, acesta devine fiul backup-ului s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2nal de s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2na anterioar\u0103. Aceast\u0103 model ofer\u0103 companiei mai multe puncte de restaurare cu acela\u0219i spa\u021biu de stocare limitat.<\/p>\n

Dac\u0103 informa\u021bia trebuie p\u0103strat\u0103 pe termen lung, exist\u0103 mult\u0103, dar nu este cerut\u0103 de fapt, se poate folosi a\u0219a-numitul stocare ice cold. Costul de stocare a datelor \u00een aceasta este mic, dar dac\u0103 compania solicit\u0103 aceste date, va trebui s\u0103 pl\u0103teasc\u0103. Este ca o c\u0103mar\u0103 \u00eentunecat\u0103 de la distan\u021b\u0103. Acolo se afl\u0103 multe lucruri, c\u0103rora nu le va fi nimic nici peste 10-20-50 de ani. Dar p\u00e2n\u0103 ajungi la ceva anume, vei pierde mult timp. \u00cen Cloud4Y, acest tip de stocare este numit 'Arhiv\u0103<\/a><\/noindex>\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Concluzie<\/h2>\n

\nBackup-ul este un element esen\u021bial al securit\u0103\u021bii oric\u0103rei afaceri. A p\u0103stra backup-urile \u00een cloud este foarte convenabil, dar uneori serviciul cost\u0103 mult. Folosind metodele men\u021bionate de noi, pute\u021bi reduce cheltuielile lunare ale companiei.<\/p>\n

Ce altceva util putem citi pe blogul Cloud4Y<\/b><\/p>\n

\u2192 5 sisteme open-source de gestionare a evenimentelor de securitate<\/a><\/noindex>
\n\u2192 Inteligen\u021ba berii - AI creeaz\u0103 bere<\/a><\/noindex>
\n\u2192 Ce vom m\u00e2nca \u00een 2050<\/a><\/noindex>
\n\u2192 Cele mai bune 5 distribu\u021bii Kubernetes<\/a><\/noindex>
\n\u2192 Robo\u021bi \u0219i c\u0103p\u0219uni: cum AI cre\u0219te randamentul c\u00e2mpurilor<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Abona\u021bi-v\u0103 la canalul nostru Telegram<\/a><\/noindex>-canal pentru a nu rata urm\u0103torul articol! Scriem nu mai des de dou\u0103 ori pe s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 \u0219i doar lucruri importante.
\n
Sursa: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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