{"id":37249,"date":"2019-10-31T22:16:34","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:16:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/ne-shutite-s-null\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:16:34","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:16:34","slug":"ne-shutite-s-null","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/ne-shutite-s-null","title":{"rendered":"Nu glumi\u021bi cu NULL","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

O poveste demn\u0103 de o vineri s-a \u00eent\u00e2mplat cu americanul specialist \u00een securitate Joseph Tartaro. I-a venit ideea de a se remarca, solicit\u00e2nd nu doar un num\u0103r de \u00eenmatriculare personalizat, ci \u0219i leg\u00e2ndu-l de meseria sa. Prima idee a fost s\u0103 se joace cu SEGFAULT sau ceva de genul acesta. \u00cen cele din urm\u0103, s-a hot\u0103r\u00e2t asupra num\u0103rului NULL pentru ma\u0219ina sa \u0219i VOID pentru so\u021bia sa. A\u021bi sim\u021bit c\u0103 ceva nu e \u00een regul\u0103? Despre ce s-a \u00eent\u00e2mplat cu aceast\u0103 p\u0103c\u0103leal\u0103 inofensiv\u0103, despre un alt misterios domn Null \u0219i despre lec\u021biile \u00eenv\u0103\u021bate din erorile legate de tipurile de date \u00een inputurile utilizatorilor, citi\u021bi mai departe.<\/p>\n

\"Nu<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

A\u0219adar, \u00een 2016, glume\u021bul din programare a primit noile sale numere amuzante de \u00eenmatriculare \u0219i cu siguran\u021b\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i freca palmele de bucurie. Chiar avea speran\u021ba c\u0103 acest tip de abordare \u00eel va scuti de amenzile de circula\u021bie. Nu c\u0103 ar fi \u00eenc\u0103lcat regulile prea mult, dar ideea de a sparge sistemul \u00een acest mod p\u0103rea interesant\u0103 pentru un specialist \u00een securitate.<\/p>\n

Problemele au ap\u0103rut un an mai t\u00e2rziu, c\u00e2nd a \u00eencercat s\u0103-\u0219i re\u00eennoiasc\u0103 numerele online. \u0218i a l\u0103sat complet perplex site-ul destinat acestui lucru.<\/p>\n

\"Nu
\n
\nSistemul a considerat c\u0103 num\u0103rul introdus de el era incorect. Programatorii au gre\u0219it undeva, iar NULL, introdus ca valoare textual\u0103, p\u0103rea c\u0103 a fost verificat gre\u0219it. O eroare de verificare slab\u0103 a tipurilor? Totu\u0219i, a reu\u0219it s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i re\u00eennoiasc\u0103 num\u0103rul pe un an prin codul din link \u0219i cumva a ignorat problema ulterior.<\/p>\n

Cu toate acestea, a fost departe de a fi totul. Apoi, povestea a \u00eenceput s\u0103 semene cu o veche glum\u0103:<\/p>\n

Un soldat \u00een mijlocul c\u00e2mpului \u00eencearc\u0103 cumva s\u0103 repare un \u0219enil\u0103 care s-a desprins de tanc. Dintr-o dat\u0103, apare din neant o z\u00e2n\u0103 \u0219i \u00eentreab\u0103:
\n \u2014 Cu ce te ocupi, soldat?
\n \u2014 P\u0103i, m\u0103### fie.
\n \u2014 Vrei s\u0103 te ocupi cu adev\u0103rat?
\n \u2014 (vis\u0103tor) Vreau\u2026
\nZ\u00e2na a fluturat bagheta\u2026 \u0218i tancul a r\u0103mas f\u0103r\u0103 turret.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\nA\u0219adar, la \u00eenceputul anului 2018, a primit o amend\u0103 bine meritat\u0103 \u00een valoare de 35 $. Ar fi putut s\u0103 o conteste, dar era mai simplu s\u0103 pl\u0103teasc\u0103, suma fiind mic\u0103. \u0218i atunci, z\u00e2na a fluturat bagheta\u2026 \u0218i \u00een cutia po\u0219tal\u0103 au \u00eenceput s\u0103 vin\u0103 amenzi pentru parc\u0103ri nepl\u0103tite, opriri \u00een locuri nepermise \u0219i alte astfel de bucurii. Zeci \u0219i zeci de amenzi \u00een sume de 37 $, 60 $, 74 $, 80\u2026 din col\u021buri complet diferite ale Californiei. Pentru modele complet diferite de ma\u0219ini. Din cauza unei verific\u0103ri eronate a tipiz\u0103rii, valoarea NULL s-a asociat \u00een baza de date cu datele lui personale. \u0218i de fiecare dat\u0103 c\u00e2nd un curajos gardian al ordinii uita s\u0103 introduc\u0103 num\u0103rul ma\u0219inii \u00een sistem la emiterea amenzii, premiul mergea eroului nostru (ar trebui s\u0103 fie certa\u021bi \u0219i dezvoltatorii frontend pentru lipsa verific\u0103rii complet\u0103rii unui parametru esen\u021bial).<\/p>\n

La un moment dat, a primit dou\u0103 amenzi emise \u00een acela\u0219i loc, cu o diferen\u021b\u0103 de c\u00e2teva ore, pentru modele complet diferite de ma\u0219ini. Pentru o \u0219i mai mare nefericire, i-au fost aplicate retroactiv amenzi vechi f\u0103r\u0103 num\u0103r specificat. Astfel, a primit chiar amenzi din 2014, c\u00e2nd nu avea nici m\u0103car acest num\u0103r. \u00cen cele din urm\u0103, a r\u0103mas cu amenzi \u00een valoare de peste 12.000 $.<\/p>\n

\"Nu
\n
\nAmenzile pentru parc\u0103ri erau gestionate de o companie privat\u0103, Citation Processing Center. Desigur, Joseph a luat leg\u0103tura cu ei \u0219i a \u00eencercat s\u0103 explice situa\u021bia. Desigur, managerul de la telefon a evitat cu delicate\u021be problema, cer\u00e2nd s\u0103 le trimit\u0103 chitan\u021bele, pentru a se ocupa ei de situa\u021bie. Dar aceasta ar fi \u00eensemnat pierderea singurei copii tangibile care ar fi confirmat necorectitudinea emiterii amenzii. \u0218i bine c\u0103 nu a trimis-o. Mai t\u00e2rziu, a observat c\u0103 \u00een baza de date deschis\u0103 a amenzilor, disponibil\u0103 online, modelul ini\u021bial al ma\u0219inii a fost \u00eenlocuit cu al s\u0103u. O rund\u0103 \u0219i mai multe conversa\u021bii cu managerii, la fel de inutile.<\/p>\n

\u00cen cele din urm\u0103, a fost nevoit s\u0103 se adreseze direct DMV (Department of Motor Vehicles, agen\u021bia guvernamental\u0103 care se ocup\u0103 cu \u00eenmatricularea vehiculelor) \u0219i cu ajutorul lor a reu\u0219it s\u0103 reduc\u0103 suma la $6262 \u00eentr-un timp relativ scurt, \u00eens\u0103 aceasta nu a rezolvat problema ini\u021bial\u0103. Amenzile noi continuau s\u0103 vin\u0103. La data redact\u0103rii articolului original \u00een Wired, dou\u0103 amenzi \u00een valoare total\u0103 de $140 r\u0103m\u00e2neau nepl\u0103tite. Ceea ce este cel mai trist, DMV \u00eei refuz\u0103 prelungirea numerelor pentru \u00eenc\u0103 un an, p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd amenzile nu sunt achitate. Mai mult, nu este foarte clar unde s\u0103 mearg\u0103 \u0219i cui s\u0103 cear\u0103 ajutorul pentru a remedia aceast\u0103 problem\u0103. DMV men\u021bioneaz\u0103 c\u0103 sistemul lor recunoa\u0219te corect numerele sale \u0219i con\u0219tientizeaz\u0103 absurditatea situa\u021biei. Totu\u0219i, problemele legate de parc\u0103ri sunt gestionate de autorit\u0103\u021bile locale, asupra c\u0103rora ei nu pot influen\u021ba. A\u0219adar, povestea ar putea continua.<\/p>\n

Mr. Null<\/h2>\n

\n\u0218i mai pu\u021bin norocos este Christopher Null. Nefericirea de a se na\u0219te cu un astfel de nume este evident\u0103. Dac\u0103 Joseph Tartaro se confrunt\u0103 doar cu amenzi, \u0219i doar \u00een ultimul an, Christopher se afund\u0103 permanent \u00een groapa suferin\u021bei odat\u0103 cu dezvoltarea tehnologiilor digitale.<\/p>\n

Un disconfort deosebit \u00eei este cauzat de conceptul larg r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit de MVP (minimum viable product, produs minim viabil), care \u00een unele cazuri coincide direct cu conceptul \u201ehai, hai, \u0219i \u00een produc\u021bie\u201d.<\/p>\n

Dac\u0103 l\u0103s\u0103m la o parte toate glumele de nivel \u0219col\u0103re\u0219ti legate de numele s\u0103u, precum \u0219i acuza\u021biile c\u0103 ar \u00eencerca astfel s\u0103 atrag\u0103 aten\u021bia (ceea ce este o metod\u0103 destul de bun\u0103 dac\u0103 e\u0219ti un jurnalist tehnic, a\u0219a cum este Christopher), apar ciud\u0103\u021benii atunci c\u00e2nd lucreaz\u0103 cu anumite site-uri \u0219i aplica\u021bii.<\/p>\n

Conform afirma\u021biilor lui Christopher, majoritatea site-urilor gestioneaz\u0103 corect numele Null. Totu\u0219i, unele raporteaz\u0103 c\u0103 c\u00e2mpul nu poate fi gol sau c\u0103 acesta este un cuv\u00e2nt rezervat. \u00cen cazuri rare, aplica\u021biile pur \u0219i simplu se blocheaz\u0103. Interesant este c\u0103, potrivit observa\u021biilor sale, cu c\u00e2t compania care st\u0103 \u00een spatele aplica\u021biei sau site-ului este mai mare, cu at\u00e2t mai multe probleme va \u00eent\u00e2mpina cu numele s\u0103u.<\/p>\n

\u00cei face pl\u0103cere filtrarea datelor, care elimin\u0103 Null din datele deja salvate. A\u0219adar, uneori prime\u0219te e-mailuri c\u0103tre Media LLC (\u00een timp ce numele companiei este Null Media LLC), iar uneori, \u00een spam, \u00eel abordeaz\u0103 pur \u0219i simplu ca \u201eMr.\u201d. A trebuit chiar s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i dezvolte manevre de ocolire. De exemplu, s\u0103 introduc\u0103 un al doilea nume sau ini\u021bial\u0103 \u00eentr-un singur c\u00e2mp cu numele de familie sau pur \u0219i simplu s\u0103 adauge un punct la final. Dar uneori ob\u021binerea unui rezultat este imposibil\u0103.<\/p>\n

Astfel, Bank of America a refuzat cu des\u0103v\u00e2r\u0219ire s\u0103 accepte e-mailul s\u0103u null@nullmedia.com. Sistemul lor pur \u0219i simplu refuza s\u0103 accepte null \u00een partea de utilizator a adresei, astfel c\u0103 a fost nevoit s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i creeze un pseudonim info@ special pentru banc\u0103. Totu\u0219i, software-ul bancar s-a dezvoltat rapid, iar dup\u0103 c\u00e2\u021biva ani\u2026 a \u00eencetat chiar s\u0103 accepte null ca parte din numele de domeniu. Bietul om a fost nevoit s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i fac\u0103 un banal cont pe Gmail pentru situa\u021biile dificile. De asemenea, con\u021bine null, dar nu la \u00eenceputul numelui de utilizator.<\/p>\n

V-a\u021bi confruntat cu vreo situa\u021bie amuzant\u0103 \u00een procesarea valorilor de sistem? Povesti\u021bi \u00een comentarii.<\/p>\n

V\u0103 mul\u021bumim c\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2ne\u021bi cu noi. V\u0103 plac articolele noastre? Dori\u021bi s\u0103 vede\u021bi mai multe materiale interesante? Sus\u021bine\u021bi-ne f\u0103c\u00e2nd o comand\u0103 sau recomand\u00e2ndu-ne prietenilor. 30% reducere pentru utilizatorii Habr pentru un server entry-level unic, creat special pentru tine:<\/b> Adev\u0103rul despre VPS (KVM) E5-2650 v4 (6 nuclee) 10GB DDR4 240GB SSD 1Gbps de la 20$ sau cum s\u0103 \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bim corect un server?<\/a><\/noindex> (sunt disponibile op\u021biuni cu RAID1 \u0219i RAID10, p\u00e2n\u0103 la 24 nuclee \u0219i p\u00e2n\u0103 la 40GB DDR4).<\/p>\n

Dell R730xd la jum\u0103tate de pre\u021b?<\/b> Numai la noi 2 x Intel TetraDeca-Core Xeon 2x E5-2697v3 2.6GHz 14C 64GB DDR4 4x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100 TB de la 199 $<\/a><\/noindex> \u00een Olanda! Dell R420 \u2014 2x E5-2430 2.2Ghz 6C 128GB DDR3 2x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB \u2014 de la 99 $!<\/b><\/b> Citi\u021bi despre Cum s\u0103 construi\u021bi o infrastructur\u0103 de clas\u0103 enterprise folosind servere Dell R730xd E5-2650 v4 la pre\u021buri foarte mici de 9000 \u20ac?<\/a><\/noindex>
\n
Sursa: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0414\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0441 \u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0414\u0436\u043e\u0437\u0435\u0444\u043e\u043c \u0422\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043e (Joseph Tartaro). \u0417\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f, \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0432 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e, \u043d\u043e \u0438 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0432 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u043c \u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0441\u043b\u043e\u043c. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u044c\u044e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0441 SEGFAULT \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u043c-\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e. \u041d\u043e \u0432 \u0438\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0435 \u043e\u043d \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435 NULL \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0438 VOID \u0434\u043b\u044f […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":27935,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37249","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Nu glumi\u021bi cu NULL | ProHoster","description":"O poveste demn\u0103 de vineri s-a \u00eent\u00e2mplat cu cercet\u0103torul american \u00een domeniul securit\u0103\u021bii, Joseph Tartaro.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/ne-shutite-s-null","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"ro_RO","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u041d\u0435 \u0448\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441 NULL | ProHoster","og:description":"\u0414\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0441 \u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0414\u0436\u043e\u0437\u0435\u0444\u043e\u043c \u0422\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043e (Joseph 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