{"id":37407,"date":"2019-10-31T22:17:29","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:17:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/esp8266-upravlenie-cherez-internet-po-protokolu-mqtt\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:17:29","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:17:29","slug":"esp8266-upravlenie-cherez-internet-po-protokolu-mqtt","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/esp8266-upravlenie-cherez-internet-po-protokolu-mqtt","title":{"rendered":"Controlul Esp8266 prin internet folosind protocolul MQTT","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Controlul
\n Bun\u0103 tuturor! \u00cen acest articol, vom detalia \u0219i demonstra cum s\u0103 configur\u0103m controlul de la distan\u021b\u0103 al modulului esp8266 \u00een doar 20 de minute, folosind o aplica\u021bie pe Android prin protocolul MQTT.<\/p>\n

Ideea controlului \u0219i monitoriz\u0103rii de la distan\u021b\u0103 a fascinat \u00eentotdeauna min\u021bile pasiona\u021bilor de electronic\u0103 \u0219i programare. Posibilitatea de a ob\u021bine sau de a trimite datele necesare, indiferent de loca\u021bia ta, ofer\u0103 oportunit\u0103\u021bi vaste. \u00cen articolele mele anterioare ( Articolul 1<\/a><\/noindex> \u0219i Articolul 2<\/a><\/noindex>) am \u00eencercat s\u0103 discut despre c\u00e2teva variante disponibile \u0219i relativ simple pentru implementarea controlului de la distan\u021b\u0103 al microcontrolerelor prin internet. Totu\u0219i, timpul \u0219i \u00eentreaga lume nu stau pe loc \u2013 progresul continu\u0103 s\u0103 se mi\u0219te necru\u021b\u0103tor \u00eenainte. \u00cen acest scurt timp, modulul esp8266 a c\u00e2\u0219tigat o popularitate larg\u0103, datorit\u0103 pre\u021bului s\u0103u redus \u0219i Wi-Fi-ului \u00eencorporat, devenind unul dintre ingredientele principale ale \u201eCasei Inteligente\u201d.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\n\u00cen prezent, MQTT este protocolul de transmitere a datelor cel mai avansat \u0219i popular \u00eentre dispozitivele separate \u00een cadrul sistemelor \u201eCasei Inteligente\u201d. Acesta are o serie de avantaje \u00een compara\u021bie cu alte protocoale:
\n \u2014 consum de trafic redus;
\n \u2014 conexiunea \u00eentre client \u0219i server este \u00eentotdeauna deschis\u0103;
\n \u2014 nu suprasolicit\u0103 canalul internet;
\n \u2014 absen\u021ba \u00eent\u00e2rzierilor \u00een transmiterea datelor;
\n \u2014 un sistem convenabil de abonare la subiecte;
\n Toate acestea ofer\u0103 posibilitatea monitoriz\u0103rii \u0219i controlului \u00een timp real. Totu\u0219i, MQTT necesit\u0103 un server propriu, care ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 ca un intermediar \u00eentre clien\u021bii re\u021belei. Exist\u0103 dou\u0103 op\u021biuni: fie s\u0103 creezi propriul server, fie s\u0103 folose\u0219ti servicii externe.<\/p>\n

Sistemul de control descris const\u0103 din dou\u0103 p\u0103r\u021bi principale: serverul MQTT (de obicei, unul singur) \u0219i clien\u021bii, care pot fi destul de mul\u021bi. \u00cen cazul nostru, aplica\u021bia pe Android \u0219i modulul esp8266 vor ac\u021biona ca \u0219i clien\u021bi.<\/p>\n

Algoritmul de func\u021bionare al sistemului este urm\u0103torul. Clien\u021bii se conecteaz\u0103 la server \u0219i, imediat dup\u0103 conectare, fiecare dintre ei se aboneaz\u0103 la subiectele de interes. Toate comunic\u0103rile \u00eentre clien\u021bi se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 prin intermediul serverului, care redirec\u021bioneaz\u0103 datele c\u0103tre ceilal\u021bi clien\u021bi \u00een func\u021bie de abona\u021biile lor.<\/p>\n

Server MQTT. <\/b><\/p>\n

\u00cen cazul nostru, vom folosi un serviciu extrem de convenabil www.cloudmqtt.com<\/a><\/noindex> care are un plan tarifar gratuit (Cute Cat), care va acoperi complet nevoile pentru implementarea unui mic sistem de \u201ecas\u0103 inteligent\u0103\u201d.
\n\"Controlul
\n Vom face \u00eenregistrarea pe site \u0219i vom ob\u021bine datele necesare pentru accesul la server. La configurarea clien\u021bilor, trebuie s\u0103 folosi\u021bi un port obi\u0219nuit (f\u0103r\u0103 SSL \u0219i TLS).
\n\"Controlul
\n
\nAplica\u021bia pe Android.<\/b><\/p>\n

Aplica\u021bia noastr\u0103 va ac\u021biona ca un telecomand\u0103 pentru microcontroler, precum \u0219i va primi \u0219i afi\u0219a toate informa\u021biile ob\u021binute de la esp8266.<\/p>\n

Aplica\u021bia se nume\u0219te IoT MQTT Dashboard<\/a><\/noindex> \u0219i reprezint\u0103 un client mqtt gata, cu un num\u0103r mic de widget-uri foarte utile. Mai multe informa\u021bii despre utilizarea aplica\u021biei pot fi vizionate \u00eentr-un video.<\/p>\n

Esp8266.<\/b><\/p>\n

Modulul se programeaz\u0103 \u00een mediul de dezvoltare Arduino, dar vreau s\u0103 men\u021bionez c\u0103 modulul are probleme cu programarea \u00een cele mai recente versiuni de Arduino, de aceea recomand s\u0103 folosi\u021bi versiunea 1.6.4.
\nDe exemplu, la esp8266 sunt conectate un LED (pin 5) \u0219i un senzor de temperatur\u0103 ds18b20 (pin 2).
\nPentru a controla LED-ul, este necesar s\u0103 ob\u021bine\u021bi date, astfel c\u0103 esp, dup\u0103 conectare, trebuie s\u0103 se aboneze la topicul corespunz\u0103tor \u201etest\/led\u201d, altfel toate datele trimise vor trece pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 microcontrolerul nostru.
\nPentru a trimite datele de temperatur\u0103, nu este nevoie de abonament, dar atunci c\u00e2nd se transmit valorile temperaturii, trebuie s\u0103 specifica\u021bi topicul \u00een care aceste date vor fi trimise.<\/p>\n

Mai jos este prezentat un sketch cu comentarii detaliate.<\/p>\n

Sketch-ul Esp8266_mqtt.ino<\/b>\/\/ \u0421\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043b\u043a\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d \u043a 5 \u043f\u0438\u043d\u0443
\n\/\/ \u0414\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b ds18b20 \u043a 2 \u043f\u0438\u043d\u0443<\/p>\n

#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
\n#include <PubSubClient.h>
\n#include <OneWire.h>
\n#include <DallasTemperature.h><\/p>\n

#define ONE_WIRE_BUS 2
\nOneWire oneWire(ONE_WIRE_BUS);
\nSenzorii DallasTemperature(&oneWire);<\/p>\n

const char *ssid = \"AIRPORT\"; \t\/\/ Numele punctului de acces WiFi
\nconst char *pass = \"PASSWORD\"; \t\/\/ Parola punctului de acces<\/p>\n

const char *mqtt_server = \"server\"; \t\/\/ Numele serverului MQTT
\nconst int mqtt_port = 11140; \/\/ Portul pentru conectarea la serverul MQTT
\nconst char *mqtt_user = \"Login\"; \t\/\/ Datele de conectare la server
\nconst char *mqtt_pass = \"Pass\"; \t\/\/ Parola serverului<\/p>\n

#define BUFFER_SIZE 100<\/p>\n

bool LedState = false;
\nint tm=300;
\nfloat temp=0;<\/p>\n

\/\/ \u0424\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430<\/p>\n

void callback(const MQTT::Publish& pub)
\n{
\n Serial.print(pub.topic()); \/\/ afi\u0219\u0103m \u00een portul serial numele topicului
\n Serial.print(\" => \");
\n Serial.print(pub.payload_string()); \/\/ afi\u0219\u0103m \u00een portul serial valoarea datelor primite<\/p>\n

String payload = pub.payload_string();<\/p>\n

if(String(pub.topic()) == \"test\/led\") \t\/\/ verific\u0103m dac\u0103 datele provin din topic-ul dorit
\n {
\n int stled = payload.toInt(); \/\/ transform\u0103m datele primite \u00een tipul integer
\n digitalWrite(5,stled); \/\/ aprindem sau stingem LED-ul \u00een func\u021bie de valorile primite
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n

WiFiClient wclient;
\nPubSubClient client(wclient, mqtt_server, mqtt_port);<\/p>\n

void setup() {<\/p>\n

sensors.begin();
\n Serial.begin(115200);
\n delay(10);
\n Serial.println();
\n Serial.println();
\n pinMode(5, OUTPUT);
\n}<\/p>\n

void loop() {
\n \/\/ \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u043c\u0441\u044f \u043a wi-fi
\n if (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
\n Serial.print(\"Conectare la \");
\n Serial.print(ssid);
\n Serial.println(\"...\");
\n WiFi.begin(ssid, pass);<\/p>\n

if (WiFi.waitForConnectResult() != WL_CONNECTED)
\n return;
\n Serial.println(\"WiFi conectat\");
\n }<\/p>\n

\/\/ \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u043c\u0441\u044f \u043a MQTT \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443
\n if (WiFi.status() == WL_CONNECTED) {
\n if (!client.connected()) {
\n Serial.println(\"Conectare la serverul MQTT\");
\n if (client.connect(MQTT::Connect(\"arduinoClient2\"))
\n .set_auth(mqtt_user, mqtt_pass))) {
\n Serial.println(\"Conectat la serverul MQTT\");
\n client.set_callback(callback);
\n client.subscribe(\"test\/led\"); \t\/\/ ne abon\u0103m la topic-ul cu date pentru LED
\n } else {
\n Serial.println(\"Nu s-a putut conecta la serverul MQTT\");
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n

if (client.connected()){
\n client.loop();
\n TempSend();
\n }<\/p>\n

}
\n} \/\/ sf\u00e2r\u0219itul ciclului principal<\/p>\n

\/\/ \u0424\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430
\nvoid TempSend(){
\n if (tm==0)
\n {
\n sensors.requestTemperatures(); \/\/ ob\u021binem valoarea temperaturii de la senzor
\n float temp = sensors.getTempCByIndex(0);
\n client.publish(\"test\/temp\", String(temp)); \t\/\/ trimitem \u00een topic-ul pentru senzorul de temperatur\u0103 valoarea temperaturii
\n Serial.println(temp);
\n tm = 300; \/\/ pauz\u0103 \u00eentre trimi\u021berea valorilor temperaturii de aproximativ 3 secunde
\n }
\n tm--;
\n delay(10);
\n}
\n<\/code><\/p>\n

\nCa rezultat, ob\u021binem un instrument convenabil pentru controlul de la distan\u021b\u0103 \u0219i monitorizarea datelor, care este destul de simplu de utilizat \u0219i accesibil chiar \u0219i \u00eencep\u0103torilor.<\/p>\n

Videoclip cu demonstrarea func\u021bion\u0103rii sistemului de control<\/b>
\n

\r\n \"Reda\u021bi\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center><\/p>\n

Instruc\u021biuni video detaliate pentru configurarea sistemului<\/b>
\n

\r\n \"Reda\u021bi\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center><\/p>\n

Una dintre variantele de aplicare a controlului ESP8266 prin protocolul MQTT<\/b>
\n

\r\n \"Reda\u021bi\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center><\/p>\n

Controlul benzii LED prin internet<\/b>
\n

\r\n \"Reda\u021bi\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center><\/p>\n

Dac\u0103 ave\u021bi \u00eentreb\u0103ri legate de acest material, v\u0103 recomand s\u0103 viziona\u021bi a doua parte a videoclipului, unde materialul este prezentat mai clar.<\/p>\n

\u00cen arhiv\u0103 se afl\u0103 schi\u021ba \u0219i toate bibliotecile necesare pentru programarea microcontrolerului cu schi\u021ba din exemplu.
\nV\u0103 atrag aten\u021bia c\u0103 biblioteca ESP8266WiFi.h nu este inclus\u0103 \u00een aceast\u0103 arhiv\u0103, aceasta se instaleaz\u0103 prin Managerul de Pl\u0103ci \u00een mediul Arduino.<\/p>\n

ARHIV\u0102<\/b><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Server MQTT \u2014 www.cloudmqtt.com<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Link c\u0103tre aplica\u021bia IoT MQTT Dashboard \u2014 play.google.com\/store\/apps\/details?id=com.thn.iotmqttdashboard&hl=ro<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

V\u0103 mul\u021bumesc tuturor pentru aten\u021bie.
\n
Sursa: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0412\u0441\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442! \u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0431\u0443\u043a\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430 20 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0435\u043c esp8266 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 Android \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0443 MQTT. \u0418\u0434\u0435\u044f \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0443\u043c\u044b \u0443\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439. \u0412\u0435\u0434\u044c \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":28068,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37407","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Esp8266 control prin internet prin protocolul MQTT | ProHoster","description":"Salut tuturor!","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/esp8266-upravlenie-cherez-internet-po-protokolu-mqtt","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"ro_RO","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47Esp8266 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0443 MQTT | ProHoster","og:description":"\u0412\u0441\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442!","og:url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/esp8266-upravlenie-cherez-internet-po-protokolu-mqtt","og:image":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:secure_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:width":350,"og:image:height":350,"article:published_time":"2019-10-31T19:17:29+00:00","article:modified_time":"2019-10-31T19:17:29+00:00","article:publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster","article:author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster"},"aioseo_meta_data":{"post_id":"37407","title":null,"description":null,"keywords":null,"keyphrases":null,"primary_term":null,"canonical_url":null,"og_title":null,"og_description":null,"og_object_type":"default","og_image_type":"default","og_image_url":null,"og_image_width":null,"og_image_height":null,"og_image_custom_url":null,"og_image_custom_fields":null,"og_video":null,"og_custom_url":null,"og_article_section":null,"og_article_tags":null,"twitter_use_og":false,"twitter_card":"default","twitter_image_type":"default","twitter_image_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_fields":null,"twitter_title":null,"twitter_description":null,"schema":{"blockGraphs":[],"customGraphs":[],"default":{"data":{"Article":[],"Course":[],"Dataset":[],"FAQPage":[],"Movie":[],"Person":[],"Product":[],"ProductReview":[],"Car":[],"Recipe":[],"Service":[],"SoftwareApplication":[],"WebPage":[]},"graphName":"","isEnabled":true},"graphs":[]},"schema_type":null,"schema_type_options":null,"pillar_content":false,"robots_default":true,"robots_noindex":false,"robots_noarchive":false,"robots_nosnippet":false,"robots_nofollow":false,"robots_noimageindex":false,"robots_noodp":false,"robots_notranslate":false,"robots_max_snippet":null,"robots_max_videopreview":null,"robots_max_imagepreview":"large","priority":null,"frequency":null,"local_seo":null,"seo_analyzer_scan_date":"2026-01-23 17:42:19","breadcrumb_settings":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"reviewed_by":null,"ai":null,"created":"2021-03-01 01:27:26","updated":"2026-01-23 17:42:19","focus_keyword":null,"additional_keywords":null,"truseo_locale":null},"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37407","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=37407"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37407\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/28068"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=37407"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=37407"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=37407"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}