{"id":37492,"date":"2019-10-31T22:17:57","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:17:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/kak-otsenit-proizvoditelnost-linux-servera-otkrytye-instrumenty-dlya-benchmarkinga\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:17:57","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:17:57","slug":"kak-otsenit-proizvoditelnost-linux-servera-otkrytye-instrumenty-dlya-benchmarkinga","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-otsenit-proizvoditelnost-linux-servera-otkrytye-instrumenty-dlya-benchmarkinga","title":{"rendered":"Cum s\u0103 evalua\u021bi performan\u021ba serverului Linux: instrumente deschise pentru benchmarking","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Noi, la <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/1cloud.ru?utm_source=habrahabr&amp;utm_medium=cpm&amp;utm_campaign=bench3&amp;utm_content=site\">1cloud.ru<\/a><\/noindex> am preg\u0103tit o selec\u021bie de instrumente \u0219i scripturi pentru evaluarea performan\u021bei procesoarelor, stoc\u0103rii \u0219i memoriei pe ma\u0219inile Linux: Iometer, DD, vpsbench, HammerDB \u0219i 7-Zip.<\/p>\n<p>Alte selec\u021bii de benchmarking ale noastre:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/1cloud\/blog\/455834\/\">Sysbench, UnixBench, Phoronix Test Suite, Vdbench \u0219i IOzone<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/1cloud\/blog\/458204\/\">Interbench, Fio, Hdparm, S \u0219i Bonnie<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/1cloud\/blog\/462777\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Cum s\u0103 evalua\u021bi performan\u021ba serverului Linux: instrumente deschise pentru benchmarking\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/774a58609d9809f1f8b95e9d8577d3bf.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<i>Fotografie \u2014 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/blmalaska\/40936624583\/\">Biroul de Gestionare a Paji\u0219tilor Alaska<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 CC BY<\/i><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.iometer.org\/\">Iometer<\/a><\/noindex><\/h2>\n<p>\nAcesta este un benchmark pentru evaluarea performan\u021bei subsistemului de stocare \u0219i re\u021bea. Este potrivit at\u00e2t pentru un singur server, c\u00e2t \u0219i pentru un \u00eentreg cluster. Iometer a fost introdus de inginerii Intel \u00een 1998. \u00cen 2001, compania a transferat sursele unei organiza\u021bii non-profit denumite Open Source Development Labs (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Open_Source_Development_Labs\">OSDL<\/a><\/noindex>) conform licen\u021bei <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.iometer.org\/doc\/licenses\/iosl.txt\">Licen\u021ba Open Source Intel<\/a><\/noindex>. Din 2003, suportul pentru instrument este asigurat de un grup de entuzia\u0219ti \u2014 proiectul <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/sourceforge.net\/projects\/iometer\/\">este \u00eenregistrat<\/a><\/noindex> pe SourceForge.net.<\/p>\n<p>Iometer const\u0103 dintr-un generator de sarcin\u0103 dinamica \u0219i o interfa\u021b\u0103 grafic\u0103. Totu\u0219i, ultima este disponibil\u0103 doar pe Windows. C\u00e2t despre generator, acesta permite simularea sarcinii aplica\u021biilor externe - pentru asta se creeaz\u0103 \u0219abloane de testare speciale.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Benchmarks arat\u0103: l\u0103\u021bimea de band\u0103, opera\u021biile pe secund\u0103, laten\u021ba \u0219i utilizarea procesorului. Se calculeaz\u0103 nu doar valorile medii ale m\u0103rimilor, ci \u0219i min\/max.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\nDe\u0219i ultima versiune stabil\u0103 a instrumentului a fost lansat\u0103 \u00een 2014, acesta este \u00een continuare utilizat \u00een <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.broadcom.com\/support\/knowledgebase\/1211161498486\/using-iometer---general-tips-for-testing-cachecade\">Broadcom<\/a><\/noindex> \u0219i <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dell.com\/support\/article\/us\/en\/19\/how10228\/how-to-test-performance-on-poweredge-servers-with-iometer\">Dell<\/a><\/noindex>. Cu toate acestea, v\u00e2rsta sistemului se resimte. \u00cen primul r\u00e2nd, interfa\u021ba sa <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.iometer.org\/doc\/screenshots.html\">este \u00eenvechit\u0103<\/a><\/noindex> \u0219i nu a fost modificat\u0103 din 1998. \u00cen al doilea r\u00e2nd, instrumentul uneori ofer\u0103 rezultate nu foarte exacte pe aranjamentele all-flash.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/mgutz\/vpsbench\">vpsbench<\/a><\/noindex><\/h2>\n<p>\nUn script simplu pentru evaluarea performan\u021bei VPS. Este distribuit sub <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/mgutz\/vpsbench\/blob\/master\/LICENSE\">licen\u021ba MIT<\/a><\/noindex>. Iat\u0103 un exemplu al func\u021bion\u0103rii sale, prezentat \u00een repository-ul oficial de pe GitHub:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">$ bash &lt;(wget --no-check-certificate -O - https:\/\/raw.github.com\/mgutz\/vpsbench\/master\/vpsbench)\n\nModel CPU: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-3770 CPU @ 3.40GHz\nNum\u0103r de nuclee: 4\nFrecven\u021ba CPU: 3417.879 MHz\nCantitatea total\u0103 de RAM: 3265 MB\nCantitatea total\u0103 de swap: 1021 MB\nTimp de func\u021bionare al sistemului: 8:41,\nVitez\u0103 I\/O: 427 MB\/s\nBzip 25MB: 4.66s\nDesc\u0103rcare fi\u0219ier de 100MB: 1.64MB\/s\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nUtilitarul afi\u0219eaz\u0103 num\u0103rul de nuclee, frecven\u021ba procesorului, volumele de memorie utilizat\u0103. Pentru evaluarea performan\u021bei discurilor, vpsbench <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lowendtalk.com\/discussion\/144821\/new-vps-specific-benchmark-update-download-avail\">efectueaz\u0103<\/a><\/noindex> efectueaz\u0103 citiri\/scrieri secven\u021biale \u0219i aleatorii. De\u0219i utilitarul este destul de vechi (ultimul update pe GitHub fiind acum aproximativ patru ani), acesta <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/mgutz\/vpsbench\/wiki\/VPS-Hosts\">folose\u0219te<\/a><\/noindex> este utilizat de numero\u0219i furnizori de cloud \u0219i companii IT.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hammerdb.com\/\">HammerDB<\/a><\/noindex><\/h2>\n<p>\nUnul dintre cele mai populare <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/TPC-Council\/HammerDB\">aplica\u021bii deschise<\/a><\/noindex> benchmark-uri pentru testarea de sarcin\u0103 a bazelor de date. Sprijinul pentru instrument este asigurat de o organiza\u021bie non-profit. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.tpc.org\/\">TPC<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 Transaction Processing Performance Council. Scopul s\u0103u este de a dezvolta standarde pentru benchmark-urile DB.<\/p>\n<p>HammerDB creeaz\u0103 un schema de test pentru baza de date, o populeaz\u0103 cu date \u0219i simuleaz\u0103 sarcina a mai multor utilizatori virtuali. Sarcina poate fi at\u00e2t opera\u021bii tranzac\u021bionale, c\u00e2t \u0219i analitice. Suport\u0103: Oracle Database, SQL Server, IBM Db2, MySQL, MariaDB, PostgreSQL \u0219i Redis.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen jurul HammerDB s-a format o comunitate vast\u0103. Utilitarul este utilizat de companii din 180 de \u021b\u0103ri. Printre acestea: <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/builders.intel.com\/docs\/select-solutions-hardened-security-with-lockheed-martin.pdf\">Intel<\/a><\/noindex>, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dellemc.com\/en-us\/collaterals\/unauth\/white-papers\/products\/converged-infrastructure\/vxflex_overview_whitepaper.pdf\">Dell<\/a><\/noindex>, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.crn.com\/news\/data-center\/video\/lenovo-on-why-its-software-defined-business-is-experiencing-triple-digit-growth\">Lenovo<\/a><\/noindex>, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.redhat.com\/en\/blog\/red-hat-enterprise-linux-8-improves-performance-modern-workloads\">Red Hat<\/a><\/noindex> \u0219i multe <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hammerdb.com\/benchmarks.html\">altele<\/a><\/noindex>. Dac\u0103 dori\u021bi s\u0103 explora\u021bi posibilit\u0103\u021bile utilitarului pe cont propriu \u2014 pute\u021bi \u00eencepe cu <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hammerdb.com\/document.html\">ghidurile oficiale<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Cum s\u0103 evalua\u021bi performan\u021ba serverului Linux: instrumente deschise pentru benchmarking\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/f4ddc38624823e4f5b7366bd2928b787.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Fotografie \u2014 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/places_lost\/33144378635\">locuri pierdute<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 CC BY<\/i><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/sevenzip.osdn.jp\/chm\/cmdline\/commands\/bench.htm\">7-Zip<\/a><\/noindex><\/h2>\n<p>\nAcest arhivator are un benchmark \u00eencorporat pentru testarea vitezei procesoarelor \u00een timpul comprim\u0103rii unui anumit num\u0103r de fi\u0219iere. De asemenea, este potrivit pentru a verifica RAM-ul pentru erori. Pentru teste se folose\u0219te algoritmul <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/LZMA\">LZMA<\/a><\/noindex> (Algoritmul Lempel\u2013Ziv\u2013Markov chain). Se bazeaz\u0103 pe un sistem <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D1%81%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%81_%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F\">de comprimare a datelor pe baz\u0103 de dic\u021bionar.<\/a><\/noindex>De exemplu, pentru a rula benchmark-ul cu un singur fir de execu\u021bie \u0219i un dic\u021bionar de 64 de megabytes, este suficient s\u0103 scrie\u021bi comanda:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">7z b -mmt1 -md26<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nRezultatul va fi furnizat de program \u00een format MIPS (million instructions per second), ceea ce poate fi considerat un dezavantaj. Acest parametru este util pentru compararea performan\u021bei procesoarelor cu aceea\u0219i arhitectur\u0103, dar \u00een cazul unor arhitecturi diferite, aplicabilitatea sa este limitat\u0103.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dd_(Unix)\">DD<\/a><\/noindex><\/h2>\n<p>\nUn instrument de linie de comand\u0103, care converte\u0219te \u0219i copiaz\u0103 fi\u0219iere. Dar poate fi folosit pentru a efectua teste I\/O simple pe sistemele de stocare. Se lanseaz\u0103 direct pe aproape orice sistem GNU\/Linux.<\/p>\n<p>Pe pagina wiki <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dd_(Unix)#Benchmarking_drive_performance\">se prezint\u0103<\/a><\/noindex> comanda pentru evaluarea performan\u021bei discului \u00een timpul scrierii secven\u021biale a blocurilor de 1024 de bytes:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">dd if=\/dev\/zero bs=1024 count=1000000 of=file_1GB\ndd if=file_1GB of=\/dev\/null bs=1024\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nDe asemenea, este important de men\u021bionat c\u0103 DD <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/romanrm.net\/dd-benchmark\">se poate folosi<\/a><\/noindex> ca un simplu benchmark CPU. Cu toate acestea, pentru aceasta va fi necesar un program suplimentar, care necesit\u0103 calcule intensive. De exemplu, un utilitar pentru calcularea valorilor hash <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Md5sum\">md5sum<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">dd if=\/dev\/zero bs=1M count=1024 | md5sum<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nComanda de mai sus va ar\u0103ta c\u00e2t de repede (MB\/s) sistemul va procesa o lung\u0103 secven\u021b\u0103 numeric\u0103. De\u0219i exper\u021bii spun c\u0103 aceast\u0103 comand\u0103 este potrivit\u0103 doar pentru o evaluare brut\u0103 a performan\u021bei. De asemenea, este important s\u0103 re\u021bine\u021bi c\u0103 DD permite efectuarea de opera\u021biuni la nivel de baz\u0103 pe hard disk-uri. Prin urmare, trebuie s\u0103 folosi\u021bi utilitarul cu pruden\u021b\u0103, pentru a nu pierde o parte din date (numele DD este, uneori, glumit despre el, ca disk destroyer).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><b>Despre ce scriem pe blogurile \u0219i re\u021belele noastre sociale:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Cum s\u0103 evalua\u021bi performan\u021ba serverului Linux: instrumente deschise pentru benchmarking\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/33eecb5cdf1b774150ab07c86be240a5.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/1cloud\/blog\/459994\/\">Studiu: Linux este \u00een continuare cea mai popular\u0103 OS \u00een cloud<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Cum s\u0103 evalua\u021bi performan\u021ba serverului Linux: instrumente deschise pentru benchmarking\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/bce25c9c9ab2dc264256cfc3d1b2fa24.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/1cloud\/blog\/459628\/\">\u00cen Open Invention Network sunt peste trei mii de licen\u021biatori \u2013 ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 asta pentru software-ul open-source<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Cum s\u0103 evalua\u021bi performan\u021ba serverului Linux: instrumente deschise pentru benchmarking\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/f764e93d7e9569e1ceea85e0d8a09b80.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/1cloud.ru\/blog\/linux-server-security-advices?utm_source=habrahabr&amp;utm_medium=cpm&amp;utm_campaign=bench3&amp;utm_content=blog\">Cum s\u0103 securizezi sistemul Linux: 10 sfaturi<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Cum s\u0103 evalua\u021bi performan\u021ba serverului Linux: instrumente deschise pentru benchmarking\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/3d97751636907b8cf97fd6072c3f0e4b.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/1cloud.ru\/blog\/minimizazia-it-riskov?utm_source=habrahabr&amp;utm_medium=cpm&amp;utm_campaign=bench3&amp;utm_content=blog\">Minimizarea riscurilor: cum s\u0103 nu-\u021bi pierzi datele<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Cum s\u0103 evalua\u021bi performan\u021ba serverului Linux: instrumente deschise pentru benchmarking\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/3252529d7ba6a90e5d117a2f40102a23.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/1cloudru\/photos\/a.1526614574327724\/2382871935368646\">C\u0103r\u021bi pentru cei care sunt deja administratori de sistem sau care pl\u0103nuiesc s\u0103 \u00eenceap\u0103<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Cum s\u0103 evalua\u021bi performan\u021ba serverului Linux: instrumente deschise pentru benchmarking\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/a87d207dba47092805d9071f83977b3c.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/1cloudru\/photos\/a.1526614574327724\/2372990136356826\">Zone neobi\u0219nuite de domeniu pentru proiectul t\u0103u<\/a><\/noindex><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/1cloud\/blog\/462777\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041c\u044b \u0432 1cloud.ru \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0443 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u0421\u0425\u0414 \u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430 Linux-\u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0445: Iometer, DD, vpsbench, HammerDB \u0438 7-Zip. \u0414\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0441 \u0431\u0435\u043d\u0447\u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438: Sysbench, UnixBench, Phoronix Test Suite, Vdbench \u0438 IOzone Interbench, Fio, Hdparm, S \u0438 Bonnie \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u2014 Bureau of Land Management Alaska \u2014 CC BY Iometer \u042d\u0442\u043e \u2014 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