{"id":37655,"date":"2019-10-31T22:18:51","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:18:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/live-distributiv-knoppix-posle-4h-let-ispolzovaniya-otkazalsya-ot-systemd\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:18:51","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:18:51","slug":"live-distributiv-knoppix-posle-4h-let-ispolzovaniya-otkazalsya-ot-systemd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/live-distributiv-knoppix-posle-4h-let-ispolzovaniya-otkazalsya-ot-systemd","title":{"rendered":"Distribu\u021bia Live Knoppix, dup\u0103 4 ani de utilizare, a renun\u021bat la systemd.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

Dup\u0103 patru ani de utilizare a systemd, distribu\u021bia bazat\u0103 pe Debian Knoppix a eliminat controversata sistem de ini\u021bializare.<\/i><\/p>\n

\u00cen aceast\u0103 duminic\u0103 (18 august *<\/b>) a fost lansat\u0103 versiunea 8.6 a popularului distrubutiv Linux Knoppix bazat pe Debian. La baza lans\u0103rii se afl\u0103 Debian 10 (Buster), care a fost lansat pe 9 iulie, cu un num\u0103r de pachete din ramurile testing \u0219i unstable pentru a asigura suportul pentru noile pl\u0103ci grafice. Knoppix este unul dintre primele live-CD distrubutive Linux \u0219i p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een prezent se bucur\u0103 de o mare popularitate \u00een r\u00e2ndul entuzia\u0219tilor.<\/p>\n

Lansarea Knoppix 8.6 \u2014 prima versiune public\u0103 a distribu\u021biei care a renun\u021bat la systemd, sistemul de ini\u021bializare dezvoltat de Lennart Poettering de la Red Hat, destinat s\u0103 \u00eenlocuiasc\u0103 sysvinit. \u00cen timp ce adaptarea systemd a fost un subiect de controvers\u0103 \u0219i critici, \u00een prezent systemd este alegerea implicit\u0103 \u00een mainstream. Este folosit \u00een upstream Knoppix \u2014 Debian; RHEL, CentOS \u0219i Fedora; openSUSE \u0219i SLES, precum \u0219i \u00een Mageia \u0219i \u00een Arch.<\/p>\n

Nemul\u021bumirile fa\u021b\u0103 de systemd sunt \u00een principal legate de excesul de func\u021bii pe care le asum\u0103 subsistemul, deoarece proiectul nu respect\u0103 filosofia de baz\u0103 a Unix \u201ef\u0103 un singur lucru \u0219i f\u0103-l bine\u201d. Alte aspecte, cum ar fi logurile \u00een format binar (spre deosebire de logurile textuale u\u0219or de citit), sunt, de asemenea, criticate.<\/p>\n

Tehnic, prima versiune Knoppix care a eliminat systemd a fost 8.5; dar aceast\u0103 versiune a fost distribuit\u0103 exclusiv cu versiunile tip\u0103rite ale Linux Magazine Germany, la \u00eenceputul acestui an, \u0219i nu a fost disponibil\u0103 pentru desc\u0103rcare public\u0103. Creatorul Knoppix, Klaus Knopper, a scris pe scurt despre decizia de a elimina systemd \u00een aceast\u0103 versiune (traducere din german\u0103, linkurile ad\u0103ugate pentru context):<\/p>\n

\u201e\u00cenc\u0103 controversatul startup systemd, care a provocat recent indignare din cauza vulnerabilit\u0103\u021bilor de securitate<\/a>, a fost integrat \u00een Debian \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu versiunea 8.0 (Jessie) \u0219i a fost eliminat \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu lansarea Knoppix 8.5. Am ocolit dependen\u021bele stricte de sistemul de boot cu propriile mele pachete (corec\u021bii) *<\/b>).<\/p>\n

Pentru a men\u021bine managementul sesiunilor similar cu systemd \u0219i astfel a permite \u00eenchiderea \u0219i repornirea sistemului de c\u0103tre utilizatori obi\u0219nui\u021bi, am folosit managerul de sesiuni elogind. Acest lucru a permis evitarea interven\u021biei systemd \u00een multe componente sistemice \u0219i a redus complexitatea general\u0103 a sistemului. Dac\u0103 trebuie s\u0103 porni\u021bi propriile servicii la \u00eenceput, nu trebuie s\u0103 crea\u021bi unit\u0103\u021bi systemd, ci pur \u0219i simplu s\u0103 scrie\u021bi serviciile \u00een fi\u0219ierul text \/etc\/rc.local \u00een care se g\u0103sesc exemple cu explica\u021bii.\u201d<\/p>\n

<\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n

Knoppix a folosit systemd din 2014 p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 2019, devenind al doilea \u00eentr-o list\u0103 foarte scurt\u0103 de distribu\u021bii care au integrat \u0219i apoi au renun\u021bat la systemd \u2014 Void Linux fiind primul pe aceast\u0103 list\u0103. De asemenea, \u00een 2016 a fost creat un fork Debian \u2014 Devuan, creat \u00een jurul filosofiei f\u0103r\u0103 systemd. (Exist\u0103 un fork similar al Arch Linux \u2014 Artix, care folose\u0219te openRC. *<\/b>)<\/p>\n

Knoppix vine, de asemenea, cu un sistem pentru persoanele cu dizabilit\u0103\u021bi, ADRIANE (Audio Desktop Reference Implementation And Networking Environment), care este \u201eun sistem de meniu vocal, a c\u0103rui sarcin\u0103 este de a facilita accesul la Internet pentru \u00eencep\u0103torii \u00een utilizarea computerului, chiar dac\u0103 ace\u0219tia nu au contact vizual cu ecranul computerului\u201d, incluz\u00e2nd op\u021bional un sistem de lup\u0103 de ecran bazat pe Compiz.<\/p>\n

* \u2014 nota translatorului<\/b><\/p>\n

<\/noindex><\/p>\n

Sursa: linux.org.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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Knoppix \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0445 live-CD […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37655","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47 Distribu\u021bia Live Knoppix, dup\u0103 4 ani de utilizare, s-a retras de la systemd. | ProHoster","description":"Dup\u0103 patru ani de utilizare a systemd, distribu\u021bia bazat\u0103 pe Debian Knoppix a eliminat controversatul sistem de ini\u021bializare. \u00cen aceast\u0103 duminic\u0103 (18 august *) a fost lansat\u0103 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