{"id":37670,"date":"2019-10-31T22:18:58","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:18:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/kto-vnedryaet-ipv6-i-chto-tormozit-ego-razvitie\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:18:58","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:18:58","slug":"kto-vnedryaet-ipv6-i-chto-tormozit-ego-razvitie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/kto-vnedryaet-ipv6-i-chto-tormozit-ego-razvitie","title":{"rendered":"Cine implementeaz\u0103 IPv6 \u0219i ce opre\u0219te dezvoltarea sa","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Data trecut\u0103 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/vasexperts\/blog\/462435\/\">am vorbit<\/a><\/noindex> despre epuizarea IPv4 \u2014 cine de\u021bine o mic\u0103 parte din adresele r\u0103mase \u0219i de ce s-a \u00eent\u00e2mplat asta. Ast\u0103zi discut\u0103m despre alternativ\u0103 \u2014 protocolul IPv6 \u0219i motivele r\u0103sp\u00e2ndirii sale lente \u2014 unii spun c\u0103 vina apar\u021bine costului ridicat al migra\u021biei, iar al\u021bii afirm\u0103 c\u0103 tehnologia este deja \u00eenvechit\u0103.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/vasexperts\/blog\/465535\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Cine implementeaz\u0103 IPv6 \u0219i ce opre\u0219te dezvoltarea sa\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/32ccbfa7a25b0f6667f2636cdfc98a61.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<i>\/ CC BY-SA \/ <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/greenoid\/47953666962\/\">Frerk Meyer<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n<h2>Cine implementeaz\u0103 IPv6<\/h2>\n<p>\nIPv6 exist\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103 din mijlocul anilor '90 \u2014 atunci au ap\u0103rut primele RFC-uri care descriu mecanismele sale de func\u021bionare (de exemplu, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/rfc1883\">RFC 1883<\/a><\/noindex>). De-a lungul anilor, protocolul a fost \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bit \u0219i testat, p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd \u00een 2012 a avut loc <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.worldipv6launch.org\/\">Lansarea global\u0103 a IPv6<\/a><\/noindex> iar acesta a \u00eenceput s\u0103 fie utilizat de marii furnizori \u2014 printre primii s-au num\u0103rat AT&amp;T, Comcast, Internode \u0219i XS4ALL.<\/p>\n<p>Mai t\u00e2rziu, la ei s-au al\u0103turat \u0219i alte companii IT, precum Facebook. Ast\u0103zi, mai mult de jum\u0103tate din utilizatorii re\u021belei sociale din SUA <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/engineering.fb.com\/connectivity\/how-ipv6-deployment-is-growing-in-u-s-and-other-countries\/\">lucreaz\u0103<\/a><\/noindex> folosesc a \u0219asea versiune a protocolului. Traficul IPv6 continu\u0103 s\u0103 creasc\u0103 \u0219i \u00een \u021b\u0103rile asiatice \u2014 Vietnam \u0219i Taiwan.<\/p>\n<p>Promovarea IPv6 se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 la nivel interna\u021bional \u2014 \u00een ONU. Unul dintre subdiviziunile organiza\u021biei a prezentat anul trecut <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/regmedia.co.uk\/2018\/05\/30\/itu-ipv6-may18.pdf\">un plan de tranzi\u021bie la a \u0219asea versiune a protocolului<\/a><\/noindex>. Autorii s\u0103i au propus un model de migrare c\u0103tre IPv6 \u0219i au oferit recomand\u0103ri pentru lucrul cu prefixelor pentru institu\u021bii guvernamentale \u0219i companii private.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><b>Materiale din blogul nostru de pe Habr:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/vasexperts\/blog\/462435\/\">Retrospectiv\u0103: cum au fost epuizate adresele IPv4<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/vasexperts\/blog\/462359\/\">Dat \u2014 ce este acest protocol \u0219i cine \u00eel folose\u0219te<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/vasexperts\/blog\/461431\/\">\u201eIube\u0219te \u0219i nu iube\u0219te\u201d: DNS peste HTTPS<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>\nLa \u00eenceputul anului, Cisco <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cisco.com\/c\/en\/us\/solutions\/collateral\/service-provider\/visual-networking-index-vni\/white-paper-c11-741490.html\">a publicat un raport<\/a><\/noindex>, \u00een care au povestit c\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 2022 traficul IPv6 va cre\u0219te de patru ori, comparativ cu 2019 (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cisco.com\/c\/en\/us\/solutions\/collateral\/service-provider\/visual-networking-index-vni\/white-paper-c11-741490.html\">fig.9<\/a><\/noindex>). Cu toate acestea, \u00een ciuda sprijinului activ pentru a \u0219asea versiune a protocolului, o astfel de dezvoltare pare pu\u021bin probabil\u0103. IPv6 se r\u0103sp\u00e2nde\u0219te \u00een lume destul de lent \u2014 p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een prezent, este sus\u021binut <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/w3techs.com\/technologies\/details\/ce-ipv6\/all\/all\">pu\u021bin peste 14%<\/a><\/noindex> dintre site-uri. \u0218i exist\u0103 c\u00e2teva motive pentru aceasta.<\/p>\n<h2>Ce fr\u00e2neaz\u0103 implementarea<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u00cen primul r\u00e2nd, <b>complexit\u0103\u021bile tehnice<\/b>. Pentru a trece la IPv6, de multe ori este necesar\u0103 actualizarea echipamentului \u0219i configurarea acestuia. \u00cen cazul unei infrastructuri IT ample, aceast\u0103 sarcin\u0103 poate fi deloc simpl\u0103. De exemplu, compania de dezvoltare a jocurilor SIE Worldwide Studios a \u00eencercat s\u0103 treac\u0103 la a \u0219asea versiune a protocolului <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/thuktun.wordpress.com\/2018\/01\/16\/why-i-killed-our-ipv6-project\/\">timp de \u0219apte ani<\/a><\/noindex>. Inginerii au revizuit arhitectura re\u021belei, au renun\u021bat la NAT \u0219i au optimizat regulile firewall-ului. Dar nu au reu\u0219it s\u0103 se migreze complet la IPv6. \u00cen cele din urm\u0103, echipa a decis s\u0103 renun\u021be la aceast\u0103 idee \u0219i a \u00eenchis proiectul.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen al doilea r\u00e2nd, <b>costuri mari de migrare<\/b>. Da, exist\u0103 exemple \u00een industrie unde migrarea la IPv6 a permis unei companii s\u0103 economiseasc\u0103 bani. De exemplu, unul dintre marii furnizori de internet din Australia <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theregister.co.uk\/2018\/09\/04\/aussie_broadband_ipv6\/\">a calculat<\/a><\/noindex>, c\u0103 migrarea la IPv6 va costa mai pu\u021bin dec\u00e2t achizi\u021bionarea de adrese IPv4 suplimentare. Totu\u0219i, chiar \u0219i \u00een acest caz, va fi necesar s\u0103 se investeasc\u0103 fonduri \u00een achizi\u021bionarea de echipamente, recalificarea personalului \u0219i re\u00eennoirea contractelor cu utilizatorii.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen concluzie, migrarea la protocolul de nou\u0103 genera\u021bie poate fi costisitoare pentru unele companii. De aceea, ca <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.itpro.co.uk\/internet-protocol-version-6-ipv6\/30657\/whatever-happened-to-ipv6\">spune<\/a><\/noindex> inginer \u0219ef al unuia dintre furnizorii de internet britanici, momentan, at\u00e2ta vreme c\u00e2t totul func\u021bioneaz\u0103 bine pe IPv4, migrarea la IPv6 nu va avea loc.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Cine implementeaz\u0103 IPv6 \u0219i ce opre\u0219te dezvoltarea sa\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/2fdd9626cdac45eec3066feddf9589e7.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>\/ Unsplash \/ <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/photos\/dJdcb11aboQ\">John Matychuk<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n<p>De asemenea, exper\u021bii subliniaz\u0103 c\u0103 \u00een ultimii zece ani, a \u0219asea versiune a protocolului <b>a devenit deja \u201e\u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nit\u0103\u201d<\/b>. Inginerii de la Universitatea Rutgers <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/pdf\/1809.07836.pdf\">\u00een articolul lor scriu<\/a><\/noindex>, c\u0103 IPv6 (la fel ca \u0219i predecesorul s\u0103u) este inadecvat pentru a func\u021biona \u00een re\u021bele mobile. C\u00e2nd utilizatorul se deplaseaz\u0103 de la un punct de acces la altul, comutarea sta\u021biilor de baz\u0103 este gestionat\u0103 de vechile mecanisme de transfer. \u00cen viitor, c\u00e2nd num\u0103rul de adrese IP \u0219i dispozitive mobile din lume va cre\u0219te semnificativ, aceast\u0103 caracteristic\u0103 poate duce la \u00eent\u00e2rzieri \u00een reconectare.<\/p>\n<p>Printre altele, factorii care \u00eencetinesc migrarea la IPv6 includ <b>un c\u00e2\u0219tig nesemnificativ de performan\u021b\u0103<\/b> al noului protocol. Conform unor studii, \u00een \u021b\u0103rile din regiunea Asia-Pacific pachetele de date sunt transmise mai repede prin IPv4 dec\u00e2t prin IPv6 (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/320459831_A_Case_Study_of_IPv6_Network_Performance_Packet_Delay_Loss_and_Reordering\">pag.2<\/a><\/noindex>). \u00cen Africa sau America Latin\u0103 nu exist\u0103 nicio diferen\u021b\u0103 \u00een viteza de transfer a datelor.<\/p>\n<h2>Care sunt perspectivele<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u00cen ciuda tuturor dificult\u0103\u021bilor, unii exper\u021bi sunt convin\u0219i c\u0103 IPv6 are un \u201eviitor luminos\u201d. Potrivit unuia dintre dezvoltatorii stivei de protocoale TCP\/IP \u2014 Vinton Cerf (Vinton Cerf), popularitatea IPv6 cre\u0219te cu adev\u0103rat prea lent, dar pentru protocol nu este totul pierdut.<\/p>\n<p>Aceast\u0103 opinie este \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219it\u0103 \u0219i de John Curran, pre\u0219edintele registrului american de internet ARIN. El <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.quora.com\/Can-we-say-IPv6-is-a-failure\/answer\/John-Curran-20\">spune<\/a><\/noindex>, doar furnizorii mari de internet au resim\u021bit lipsa de IPv4. Companiile mici \u0219i utilizatorii obi\u0219nui\u021bi nu observ\u0103 probleme pentru moment. De aceea, poate ap\u0103rea o impresie gre\u0219it\u0103 c\u0103 versiunea a \u0219asea a protocolului a \u201emurit\u201d. Iar \u00een viitorul apropiat (dac\u0103 este s\u0103 ne lu\u0103m dup\u0103 prognozele Cisco), IPv6 ar trebui s\u0103 accelereze r\u0103sp\u00e2ndirea sa pe planet\u0103.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><b>Implementarea IPv6 \u2013 FAQ pentru furnizorii de internet<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/vasexperts.ru\/blog\/seti\/vnedrenie-ipv6-faq-dlya-internet-provajderov\/\">Protocolul IPv6 \u2014 de la teorie la practic\u0103<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/vasexperts.ru\/blog\/telekom\/ekonomiya-na-spichkax-i-neskolko-sposobov-vystrelit-sebe-v-nogu-kriticheskie-oshibki-v-stroitelstve-setej-operatorov-svyazi\/\">\u201eEconomisind pe lucruri m\u0103runte\u201d: erori critice \u00een construirea re\u021belelor operatorilor de telecomunica\u021bii<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/vasexperts.ru\/blog\/telekom\/protokol-ipv6-ot-teorii-k-praktike\/\">Protocolul IPv6 \u2013 de la teorie la practic\u0103<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/vasexperts.ru\/blog\/bezopasnost\/ipv6-texnologiya-nastoyashhego-ili-budushhego\/\">IPv6 \u2014 tehnologia prezentului sau a viitorului<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/vasexperts\/blog\/465535\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u043c\u044b \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0431 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 IPv4 \u2014 \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0445\u0441\u044f \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c. \u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0430\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0443 \u2014 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b IPv6 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u2014 \u043a\u0442\u043e-\u0442\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0430 \u043a\u0442\u043e-\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u043b\u0430. \/ CC BY-SA \/ Frerk Meyer \u041a\u0442\u043e \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0440\u044f\u0435\u0442 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":28272,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37670","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0412 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u043c\u044b \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0431 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