{"id":37728,"date":"2019-10-31T22:19:22","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:19:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/konfidentsialnoe-oblako-ishhem-alternativu-otkrytym-resheniyam\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:19:22","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:19:22","slug":"konfidentsialnoe-oblako-ishhem-alternativu-otkrytym-resheniyam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/konfidentsialnoe-oblako-ishhem-alternativu-otkrytym-resheniyam","title":{"rendered":"Cloud confiden\u021bial. C\u0103ut\u0103m alternative la solu\u021biile deschise","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Sunt inginer de profesie, dar comunic mai mult cu antreprenorii \u0219i directorii de produc\u021bie. Cu ceva timp \u00een urm\u0103, un proprietar de companie industrial\u0103 s-a adresat pentru un sfat. Cu toate c\u0103 \u00eentreprinderea este mare \u0219i a fost \u00eenfiin\u021bat\u0103 \u00een anii '90, managementul \u0219i contabilitatea func\u021bioneaz\u0103 pe metode \u00eenvechite \u00een re\u021beaua local\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Aceasta este o consecin\u021b\u0103 a temerilor pentru afacerea proprie \u0219i a intensific\u0103rii controlului din partea statului. Legile \u0219i normele pot fi interpretate foarte larg de c\u0103tre organele de control. Ca exemplu, putem men\u021biona modific\u0103rile din Codul Fiscal, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vedomosti.ru\/politics\/articles\/2019\/06\/05\/803495-verhovnii-sud\">care elimin\u0103 termenul de prescrip\u021bie<\/a><\/noindex> pentru \u00eenc\u0103lc\u0103rile fiscale, conduc\u00e2nd efectiv la distrugerea <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.finanz.ru\/novosti\/aktsii\/sledkom-predlozhil-uprazdnit-bankovskuyu-taynu-v-rossii-1028355298\">secretului bancar \u0219i de audit.<\/a><\/noindex>. <\/p>\n<p>Ca urmare, proprietarul \u00eentreprinderii a \u00eenceput s\u0103 caute solu\u021bii pentru stocarea sigur\u0103 a informa\u021biilor \u0219i transmiterea \u00een siguran\u021b\u0103 a documentelor. Un \u201eseif\u201d virtual.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nProblema a fost analizat\u0103 \u00eempreun\u0103 cu administratorul de sistem: este nevoie de o analiz\u0103 profund\u0103 a platformelor existente.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>serviciul nu trebuie s\u0103 fie \u00een cloud, \u00een sensul clasic al cuv\u00e2ntului, adic\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 stocare pe servere ale unei organiza\u021bii externe. Numai serverul propriu;<\/li>\n<li>este necesar un criptare robust\u0103 a datelor transmise \u0219i stocate;<\/li>\n<li>de asemenea, este obligatorie posibilitatea de a \u0219terge imediat con\u021binutul de pe orice dispozitiv cu ap\u0103sarea unui buton;<\/li>\n<li>solu\u021bia a fost dezvoltat\u0103 \u00een str\u0103in\u0103tate.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Am propus eliminarea celui de-al patrulea punct, deoarece aplica\u021biile ruse\u0219ti au certificate oficiale. Directorul a spus clar ce ar trebui f\u0103cut cu astfel de certificate. <\/p>\n<h3>Alegem op\u021biuni<\/h3>\n<p>\nAm selectat trei solu\u021bii (cu c\u00e2t mai multe op\u021biuni de alegere, cu at\u00e2t mai multe \u00eendoieli):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Open Source - proiect <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/syncthing.net\/\">Syncthing.net <\/a><\/noindex>, sus\u021binut de dezvoltatorul entuziast Jacob Borg.<\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.resilio.com\/\">Resilio.com<\/a><\/noindex>, gestionat de Resilio Inc. din SUA (\u00een trecut, acest serviciu se numea BitTorrent Sync).\n<\/li>\n<li>Proiect <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/e-safe.pro\/\">Pvtbox - Seif electronic<\/a><\/noindex> de la <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/pvtbox.net\">pvtbox.net<\/a><\/noindex> aplica\u021bii pentru sincronizare. \u00cenregistrare cipriot\u0103.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Proprietarul companiei se descurc\u0103 slab cu detaliile tehnice, a\u0219a c\u0103 am redactat raportul sub form\u0103 de liste cu avantajele \u0219i dezavantajele fiec\u0103rei op\u021biuni.<\/p>\n<h3>Concluziile analizei<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<h4>Syncthing <\/h4>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><b>Advantages<\/b>: <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Open source;<\/li>\n<li>Activitatea principalului dezvoltator; <\/li>\n<li>Proiectul exist\u0103 de foarte mult timp; <\/li>\n<li>Gratuit.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><b>Dezavantaje: <\/b><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nu exist\u0103 client pentru interfa\u021ba iOS; <\/li>\n<li>Servere Turn lente (sunt gratuite, de aceea \u00eencetinesc). Pentru cei care<br \/>\nnu sunt la curent, Turn este folosit atunci c\u00e2nd nu este posibil\u0103 conectarea direct\u0103;<\/li>\n<li>Configurare complex\u0103 a interfe\u021bei (este nevoie de experien\u021b\u0103 de multi-an \u00een programare);<\/li>\n<li>Lipsa unui suport comercial rapid.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h4>Resilio <\/h4>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><b>Pro: <\/b>suport pentru toate dispozitivele \u0219i servere Turn rapide.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><b>Dezavantaje: <\/b>Unul foarte semnificativ \u2013 ignorarea total\u0103 din partea serviciului de suport a oric\u0103ror solicit\u0103ri. Zero reac\u021bie, chiar \u0219i atunci c\u00e2nd scrii de pe adrese diferite. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h4>Pvtbox<\/h4>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><b>Pro: <\/b><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Suport pentru toate dispozitivele; <\/li>\n<li>Servere Turn rapide; <\/li>\n<li>Posibilitatea de a desc\u0103rca un fi\u0219ier f\u0103r\u0103 a instala aplica\u021bia; <\/li>\n<li>Serviciu de suport adecvat, inclusiv telefonic.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><b>Dezavantaje<\/b>: <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Proiect t\u00e2n\u0103r (pu\u021bine recenzii \u0219i evalu\u0103ri pozitive);<\/li>\n<li>Interfa\u021ba site-ului este foarte \u201etehnic\u0103\u201d \u0219i nu \u00eentotdeauna clar\u0103;<\/li>\n<li>Lipsa unei documenta\u021bii detaliate, la multe \u00eentreb\u0103ri trebuie s\u0103 apelez la suport.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Ce a ales clientul<\/h3>\n<p>\n\u00centrebarea lui ini\u021bial\u0103: care este sensul de a dezvolta ceva gratuit? Au renun\u021bat la Syncthing imediat. Argumentele nu au func\u021bionat. <\/p>\n<p>Dup\u0103 c\u00e2teva zile, clientul a respins categoric Resilio Sync din cauza lipsei de suport, deoarece nu era clar unde s\u0103 se adreseze \u00een situa\u021bii neprev\u0103zute. Plus, ne\u00eencredere \u00een \u00eenregistrarea american\u0103 a firmei.<\/p>\n<p>Pentru analiza ulterioar\u0103 a r\u0103mas Pvtbox Seif electronic. Am efectuat un audit tehnic complet al acestei platforme, concentr\u00e2ndu-ne pe posibilitatea intercept\u0103rii, decript\u0103rii datelor \u0219i p\u0103trunderii neautorizate \u00een depozitul de informa\u021bii.<\/p>\n<h3>Procesul de audit<\/h3>\n<p>\nAm analizat conexiunile \u00een momentul pornirii programului, \u00een timpul func\u021bion\u0103rii \u0219i \u00een stare de inactivitate. Traficul, conform standardelor moderne, circul\u0103 ini\u021bial criptat. Vom \u00eencerca s\u0103 efectuam un atac MITM \u0219i s\u0103 substituim certificatul \u201e\u00een mi\u0219care\u201d cu ajutorul <i>Linux (Xubuntu Linux 18.04), Wireshark<\/i>, <i>Mitmproxy<\/i>. Pentru aceasta, vom intermedia \u00eentre aplica\u021bia Pvtbox \u0219i serverul pvtbox.net (exist\u0103 schimb de date cu serverul pvtbox.net prin conexiune https).<\/p>\n<p>Pornim aplica\u021bia pentru a ne asigura c\u0103 programul \u0219i sincronizarea fi\u0219ierelor func\u021bioneaz\u0103. \u00cen Linux po\u021bi observa imediat jurnalizarea dac\u0103 lansezi programul din terminal.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Cloud confiden\u021bial. C\u0103ut\u0103m alternative la solu\u021biile deschise\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/8e19ec533544a6f138c3f16308e02888.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nOprim aplica\u021bia \u0219i \u00eenlocuim adresa gazdei pvtbox.net \u00een fi\u0219ierul <i>\/etc\/hosts <\/i>cu privilegii de superutilizator. \u00cenlocuim adresa cu cea a serverului nostru proxy.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Cloud confiden\u021bial. C\u0103ut\u0103m alternative la solu\u021biile deschise\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/f6befbf010686270c48656e15213f521.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nAcum preg\u0103tim serverul nostru proxy pentru atacul MITM pe computerul cu adresa 192.168.1.64 din re\u021beaua noastr\u0103 local\u0103. Pentru aceasta, vom instala pachetul mitmproxy versiunea 4.0.4.<\/p>\n<p>Pornim serverul proxy pe portul 443:<br \/>\n<i>$ sudo mitmproxy -p 443<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Lans\u0103m aplica\u021bia Pvtbox pe primul computer, ne uit\u0103m la ie\u0219irea mitmproxy \u0219i la jurnalele aplica\u021biei.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Cloud confiden\u021bial. C\u0103ut\u0103m alternative la solu\u021biile deschise\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/cd7f53fc76349fdf18f65c75c555bc52.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<i>Mitmproxy <\/i>raporteaz\u0103 c\u0103 clientul nu are \u00eencredere \u00een certificatul falsificat de serverul proxy. \u00cen logurile aplica\u021biei, de asemenea, observ\u0103m c\u0103 certificatul serverului proxy nu trece verificarea \u0219i programul refuz\u0103 s\u0103 func\u021bioneze.<\/p>\n<p>Instal\u0103m certificatul serverului proxy <i>mitmproxy <\/i>pe computerul cu aplica\u021bia Pvtbox, pentru a face certificatul \u201ede \u00eencredere\u201d. Pe computer, vom instala pachetul ca-certificates. Apoi, vom copia certificatul mitmproxy-ca-cert.pem din directorul .mitmproxy al serverului proxy pe computerul cu aplica\u021bia Pvtbox \u00een directorul \/usr\/local\/share\/ca-certificates. <\/p>\n<p>Execut\u0103m comenzile:<br \/>\n<i>$ sudo openssl x509 -in mitmproxy-ca-cert.pem -inform PEM -out mitmproxy-ca-cert.crt<\/i><br \/>\n<i>$ sudo update-ca-certificates<\/i><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Cloud confiden\u021bial. C\u0103ut\u0103m alternative la solu\u021biile deschise\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/8f30b4cebb483ad54869993e225d7c90.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nLans\u0103m aplica\u021bia Pvtbox. Certificatul nu a trecut din nou verificarea, programul refuz\u0103 s\u0103 func\u021bioneze. Este probabil ca aplica\u021bia s\u0103 foloseasc\u0103 un mecanism de protec\u021bie <i>Certificate pinning<\/i>.<\/p>\n<p>O atac similar a fost efectuat asupra gazdei <i>signalserver.pvtbox.net, <\/i>precum \u0219i asupra conexiunii peer-2-peer \u00eentre noduri. Dezvoltatorul indic\u0103 c\u0103 aplica\u021bia pentru stabilirea conexiunilor peer-2-peer utilizeaz\u0103 un protocol deschis webrtc, \u00een care se folose\u0219te criptarea end-to-end prin protocolul <i>DTLSv1.2.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Cheile sunt generate pentru fiecare stabilire de conexiuni \u0219i sunt transferate printr-un canal criptat prin <i>signalserver.pvtbox.net.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>\u00cen teorie, ar fi posibil s\u0103 intercept\u0103m mesajele offer \u0219i answer webrtc, s\u0103 falsific\u0103m cheile de criptare \u0219i s\u0103 avem capacitatea de a decripta toate mesajele transmise prin webrtc. Dar nu a fost posibil s\u0103 realiz\u0103m un atac mitm asupra signalserver.pvtbox.net, a\u0219a c\u0103 nu exist\u0103 posibilitatea de a intercepta \u0219i falsifica mesajele trimise prin signalserver.pvtbox.net.<\/p>\n<p>Prin urmare, nu este posibil s\u0103 se efectueze acest tip de atac asupra conexiunilor peer-2-peer.<\/p>\n<p>De asemenea, a fost descoperit un fi\u0219ier cu certificate, livrat \u00eempreun\u0103 cu programul. Fi\u0219ierul se afl\u0103 la calea \/opt\/pvtbox\/certifi\/cacert.pem. Acest fi\u0219ier a fost \u00eenlocuit cu un fi\u0219ier care con\u021bine un certificat de \u00eencredere de la serverul nostru proxy mitmproxy. Rezultatul nu s-a schimbat \u2014 programul refuza s\u0103 se conecteze la sistem, \u00een log observ\u00e2ndu-se aceea\u0219i eroare,<br \/>\nc\u0103 certificatul nu trece verificarea.<\/p>\n<h3>Concluziile auditului<\/h3>\n<p>\nNu am reu\u0219it s\u0103 intercept\u0103m sau s\u0103 falsific\u0103m traficul. Numele fi\u0219ierelor, dar mai ales con\u021binutul lor, sunt transmise criptat, folosindu-se criptarea end-to-end. \u00cen aplica\u021bie sunt implementate o serie de mecanisme de protec\u021bie care \u00eempiedic\u0103 interceptarea \u0219i injectarea. <\/p>\n<p>Compania a achizi\u021bionat dou\u0103 servere dedicate (situate fizic \u00een loca\u021bii diferite) pentru acces permanent la informa\u021bii. Primul server este folosit pentru primirea, procesarea \u0219i stocarea informa\u021biilor, iar al doilea \u2013 pentru backup. <\/p>\n<p>La cloudul personal ob\u021binut a fost conectat terminalul de lucru al directorului \u0219i un telefon mobil iOS. Al\u021bi angaja\u021bi au fost conecta\u021bi de c\u0103tre administratorul sistemului \u0219i suportul tehnic de la Pvtbox. <\/p>\n<p>\u00cen tot acest timp, nu am primit reclama\u021bii din partea cunoscutului. Sper c\u0103 recenzia mea va ajuta cititorii de pe Habr \u00een situa\u021bii similare.<br \/>\n<br \/>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/465861\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u042f \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e, \u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0441\u044c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432. \u041d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0434 \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0446 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438. \u041d\u0435\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0435, \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0432 90-\u0445, \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0431\u0443\u0445\u0433\u0430\u043b\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043d\u043a\u0435 \u0432 \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0435\u0441 \u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u044b \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430. \u0417\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u044b [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":28319,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37728","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - 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