{"id":37750,"date":"2019-10-31T22:19:31","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:19:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/distri-distributiv-dlya-obkatki-tehnologij-bystrogo-upravleniya-paketami\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:19:31","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:19:31","slug":"distri-distributiv-dlya-obkatki-tehnologij-bystrogo-upravleniya-paketami","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/distri-distributiv-dlya-obkatki-tehnologij-bystrogo-upravleniya-paketami","title":{"rendered":"Distri — distribu\u021bie pentru testarea tehnologiilor de gestionare rapid\u0103 a pachetelor","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Michael Stapelberg, autorul managerului de feronerie de feronerie i3wm \u0219i fost dezvoltator activ Debian (responsabil pentru aproximativ 170 de pachete), dezvolt\u0103<\/a><\/noindex> distribu\u021bie experimental\u0103 distri<\/a><\/noindex> \u0219i managerul de pachete cu acela\u0219i nume. Proiectul se pozi\u021bioneaz\u0103 ca o cercetare a posibilelor c\u0103i de cre\u0219tere a performan\u021bei sistemelor de gestionare a pachetelor \u0219i \u00eentruchipeaz\u0103 unele idei noi \u00een construirea distribu\u021biilor. Codul managerului de pachete este scris \u00een limbajul Go \u0219i se r\u0103sp\u00e2nde\u0219te<\/a><\/noindex> sub licen\u021ba BSD.<\/p>\n

O caracter principal al pachetului propus \u00een distribu\u021bie este livrarea pachetului sub form\u0103 de imagini SquashFS, \u00een loc de arhive tar comprimate. Utilizarea SquashFS, analog cu formatele AppImage \u0219i Snap, permite \u201emontarea\u201d pachetului f\u0103r\u0103 a necesita desf\u0103\u0219urarea acestuia, economisind astfel spa\u021biu pe disc, permi\u021b\u00e2nd modific\u0103ri atomice \u0219i f\u0103c\u00e2nd con\u021binutul pachetului imediat disponibil. Pachetele distri, ca \u00een formatul clasic \u201edeb\u201d, con\u021bin doar componente individuale legate prin dependen\u021be cu alte pachete (bibliotecile nu sunt duplicate \u00een pachete, ci sunt instalate ca dependen\u021be). Cu alte cuvinte, distri \u00eencearc\u0103 s\u0103 combine structura granular\u0103 a pachetului din distribu\u021biile clasice, cum ar fi Debian, cu metodele de livrare a aplica\u021biilor sub form\u0103 de containere montabile.<\/p>\n

Fiecare pachet din distri este montat \u00een propriul s\u0103u director \u00een mod read-only (de exemplu, pachetul cu zsh este disponibil ca \u201e\/ro\/zsh-amd64-5.6.2-3\u201d), ceea ce are un impact pozitiv asupra securit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i protejeaz\u0103 \u00eempotriva modific\u0103rilor accidentale sau mali\u021bioase. Pentru a forma ierarhia directoarelor de sistem, cum ar fi \/usr\/bin, \/usr\/share \u0219i \/usr\/lib, se utilizeaz\u0103 un modul FUSE special care combin\u0103 con\u021binutul tuturor imaginilor SquashFS instalate \u00eentr-un \u00eentreg (de exemplu, directorul \/ro\/share ofer\u0103 acces la subdirectoarele share din toate pachetele). <\/p>\n

Pachete<\/a><\/noindex> \u00een distri sunt \u00een mod principial eliminate<\/a><\/noindex> de la handler-ii invoca\u021bi \u00een procesul de instalare (nu exist\u0103 hook-uri \u0219i trigger-e), iar diferitele versiuni ale pachetului pot coexista \u00eentre ele, permi\u021b\u00e2nd astfel instalarea paralel\u0103 a pachetelor. Structura propus\u0103 limiteaz\u0103 performan\u021ba managerului de pachete doar prin l\u0103\u021bimea de band\u0103 a re\u021belei prin care sunt desc\u0103rcate pachetele. Instalarea sau actualizarea unui pachet are loc atomic \u0219i nu necesit\u0103 duplicarea con\u021binutului. <\/p>\n

Conflictele la instalarea pachetelor sunt eliminate, deoarece fiecare pachet este legat de propriul s\u0103u director, iar sistemul permite existen\u021ba mai multor versiuni ale aceluia\u0219i pachet (\u00een directoarele agregate se include con\u021binutul directorului cu cea mai recent\u0103 revizie a pachetului). Compilarea pachetelor se face, de asemenea, foarte rapid \u0219i nu necesit\u0103 instalarea pachetelor \u00eentr-un mediu de compilare separat (\u00een mediul de compilare se creeaz\u0103 vederi ale dependen\u021belor necesare din directorul \/ro).<\/p>\n

Sunt suportate<\/a><\/noindex> comenzi standard pentru gestionarea pachetelor, cum ar fi \u201edistri install\u201d \u0219i \u201edistri update\u201d, iar pentru comenzile informative se poate utiliza utilitarul standard \u201els\u201d (de exemplu, pentru a vizualiza pachetele instalate este suficient s\u0103 afi\u0219ezi lista directoarelor din ierarhia \u201e\/ro\u201d, iar pentru a afla din ce pachet face parte un fi\u0219ier, po\u021bi verifica unde duce leg\u0103tura de la acest fi\u0219ier).<\/p>\n

Prototipul de distribu\u021bie propus pentru experimente include aproximativ 1700 de pachete<\/a><\/noindex> \u0219i gata nu mai sunt actualizate de mult, iar pentru instalare<\/a><\/noindex> cu un instalator, potrivite at\u00e2t pentru instalarea ca sistem de operare principal, c\u00e2t \u0219i pentru rularea \u00een QEMU, Docker, Google Cloud \u0219i VirtualBox. Se suport\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103rcarea dintr-o parti\u021bie de disc criptat\u0103 \u0219i un set de aplica\u021bii standard pentru crearea unui mediu de lucru bazat pe managerul de feronerie i3 (ca browser este oferit Google Chrome). Se ofer\u0103<\/a><\/noindex> un instrumentar complet pentru compilarea distribu\u021biei, preg\u0103tirea \u0219i formarea pachetelor, distribu\u021bia pachetelor prin oglinzi etc.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Sursa: opennet.ro<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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\u2014 distribu\u021bie pentru testarea tehnologiilor de gestionare rapid\u0103 a pachetelor | ProHoster","description":"Michael Stapelberg, autorul managerului de feronerie de feronerie i3wm \u0219i fost dezvoltator activ Debian (responsabil pentru aproximativ 170 de pachete),","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/distri-distributiv-dlya-obkatki-tehnologij-bystrogo-upravleniya-paketami","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"ro_RO","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47Distri \u2014 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432 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