{"id":37768,"date":"2019-10-31T22:19:37","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:19:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/stoit-li-ono-togo\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:19:37","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:19:37","slug":"stoit-li-ono-togo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/stoit-li-ono-togo","title":{"rendered":"Merit\u0103?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Merit\u0103?\"<\/p>\n

\u00cen 1942, Albert Camus a scris o carte intitulat\u0103 \u201eMitul lui Sisif\u201d. Este vorba despre o problem\u0103 filozofic\u0103 cu adev\u0103rat important\u0103: Av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere circumstan\u021bele existen\u021bei noastre, nu ar trebui s\u0103 ne punem cap\u0103t zilelor? Iat\u0103 r\u0103spunsul:<\/p>\n

Mai \u00eent\u00e2i, Camus descrie acele momente din via\u021ba noastr\u0103 c\u00e2nd percep\u021biile noastre despre lume \u00eenceteaz\u0103 brusc s\u0103 mai func\u021bioneze, c\u00e2nd toate eforturile noastre par lipsite de sens, inclusiv rutina noastr\u0103 zilnic\u0103 (munc\u0103-acas\u0103-munc\u0103). C\u00e2nd te sim\u021bi brusc str\u0103in \u0219i rupt de aceast\u0103 lume.
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

\"Merit\u0103?\"
\n\u00cen aceste momente \u00eenfrico\u0219\u0103toare, con\u0219tientiz\u0103m clar toat\u0103 absurditatea vie\u021bii.<\/p>\n

Ra\u021biune + Lume ira\u021bional\u0103 = Via\u021b\u0103 absurd\u0103<\/b><\/p>\n

Aceast\u0103 sensibilitate absurd\u0103 este rezultatul conflictului. Pe de o parte, ne facem planuri ra\u021bionale pentru via\u021b\u0103, iar pe de alt\u0103 parte, ne confrunt\u0103m cu o lume imprevizibil\u0103 care nu se potrive\u0219te cu ideile noastre.<\/p>\n

Deci, care este absurdul? S\u0103 fi ra\u021bional \u00eentr-o lume ira\u021bional\u0103.<\/p>\n

\"Merit\u0103?\"
\nAceasta este conflictul fundamental. C\u00e2nd percep\u021biile noastre ra\u021bionale despre lume se ciocnesc de realitate, experiment\u0103m tensiune.<\/p>\n

Problema principal\u0103 este c\u0103 putem numi f\u0103r\u0103 ezitare percep\u021biile noastre despre lume \u201eeternale\u201d, dar \u0219tim c\u0103 timpul vie\u021bii noastre este limitat. To\u021bi vom muri. Da, \u0219i tu.<\/p>\n

A\u0219adar, dac\u0103 ra\u021biunea \u0219i lumea ira\u021bional\u0103 sunt componentele cheie, putem \u201etri\u0219a\u201d \u0219i evita problema absurdului, pur \u0219i simplu elimin\u00e2nd una dintre cele dou\u0103 componente, a\u0219a cum afirm\u0103 Camus. <\/p>\n

Negarea lumii ira\u021bionale<\/h3>\n

\nUna dintre modalit\u0103\u021bi este s\u0103 ignor\u0103m lipsa de sens a existen\u021bei noastre. \u00cen ciuda dovezilor evidente, putem pretinde c\u0103 totul este stabil \u0219i s\u0103 tr\u0103im conform unor scopuri \u00eendep\u0103rtate (pensie, descoperire important\u0103, via\u021ba de apoi, progresul umanit\u0103\u021bii etc.). Camus spune c\u0103 dac\u0103 proced\u0103m astfel, nu vom putea ac\u021biona liber, deoarece ac\u021biunile noastre sunt legate de aceste planuri eterne, care sunt adesea sortite s\u0103 se loveasc\u0103 de st\u00e2ncile lumii ira\u021bionale.<\/p>\n

\"Merit\u0103?\"<\/p>\n

Din acest punct de vedere, a ne ag\u0103\u021ba de modelele noastre ra\u021bionale ar fi lipsit de sens. Am fi nevoi\u021bi s\u0103 tr\u0103im \u00eentr-o negare, ar trebui pur \u0219i simplu s\u0103 credem.<\/p>\n

Renun\u021barea la justific\u0103rile ra\u021bionale<\/h3>\n

\nA doua strategie care permite evitarea absurdului este de a renun\u021ba la ra\u021bionamente. Camus men\u021bioneaz\u0103 diferite variante ale acestei strategii. El sugereaz\u0103 filosofi care fie declar\u0103 ra\u021bionamentele un instrument inutil (Shestov, Jaspers), fie spun c\u0103 aceast\u0103 lume urmeaz\u0103 ra\u021bionamente divine, pe care oamenii pur \u0219i simplu nu le pot \u00een\u021belege (Kierkegaard).<\/p>\n

\"Merit\u0103?\"<\/p>\n

Ambele moduri sunt inacceptabile pentru Camus. El nume\u0219te orice strategie de ignorare a problemei absurdului \u00absinucidere filozofic\u0103\u00bb.<\/p>\n

R\u0103scoala, libertatea \u0219i pasiunea<\/h3>\n

\nDac\u0103 \u00absinuciderea filozofic\u0103\u00bb nu este o op\u021biune, ce p\u0103rere avem despre sinuciderea adev\u0103rat\u0103? Camus nu poate justifica sinuciderea dintr-o perspectiv\u0103 filozofic\u0103. Sinuciderea ar fi un gest zgomotos de acceptare \u2014 am accepta contradic\u021bia dintre ra\u021biunea uman\u0103 \u0219i o lume ira\u021bional\u0103. \u0218i s\u0103 te sinucizi \u00een numele ra\u021biunii nu este deloc ra\u021bional.<\/p>\n

\u00cen schimb, Camus propune s\u0103 facem urm\u0103toarele:<\/p>\n

1. Revolta constant\u0103: trebuie s\u0103 ne r\u0103zvr\u0103tim tot timpul \u00eempotriva circumstan\u021belor existen\u021bei noastre \u0219i astfel s\u0103 nu l\u0103s\u0103m absurdul s\u0103 moar\u0103. Nu trebuie niciodat\u0103 s\u0103 ne \u00eemp\u0103c\u0103m cu \u00eenfr\u00e2ngerea, chiar \u0219i \u00een fa\u021ba mor\u021bii, de\u0219i \u0219tim c\u0103 aceasta nu poate fi evitat\u0103 pe termen lung. R\u0103zvr\u0103tul constant este singura modalitate de a fi parte din aceast\u0103 lume.<\/p>\n

2. A r\u0103spinge libertatea ve\u0219nic\u0103: \u00een loc s\u0103 devenim sclavi ai modelor eterne, trebuie s\u0103 ascult\u0103m glasul ra\u021biunii, dar s\u0103 con\u0219tientiz\u0103m limitele acestuia \u0219i s\u0103-l aplic\u0103m flexibil la situa\u021bia curent\u0103. Cu alte cuvinte: trebuie s\u0103 g\u0103sim libertatea aici \u0219i acum, nu s\u0103 ne baz\u0103m pe ve\u0219nicie.<\/p>\n

3. Pasiunea. Cel mai important este s\u0103 avem mereu pasiune pentru via\u021b\u0103, s\u0103 iubim totul \u00een ea \u0219i s\u0103 ne str\u0103duim s\u0103 tr\u0103im nu doar c\u00e2t mai bine, ci c\u00e2t mai mult.<\/p>\n

\"Merit\u0103?\"
\nOmul absurd con\u0219tientizeaz\u0103 mortalitatea sa, dar cu toate acestea nu o accept\u0103, \u0219tie despre limitarea ra\u021bionamentelor sale, dar cu toate acestea le pre\u021buie\u0219te. Ob\u021bin\u00e2nd experien\u021b\u0103 de via\u021b\u0103, el experimenteaz\u0103 at\u00e2t pl\u0103cerea, c\u00e2t \u0219i durerea, dar cu toate acestea \u00eencearc\u0103 s\u0103 ob\u021bin\u0103 c\u00e2t mai multe experien\u021be.<\/p>\n

Arta absurdului \u2014 Creativitate f\u0103r\u0103 un astfel de concept ca \u00abm\u00e2ine\u00bb<\/h3>\n

\nAlbert Camus dedic\u0103 a treia parte artistului care con\u0219tientizeaz\u0103 pe deplin absurdul. Un astfel de artist nu va \u00eencerca niciodat\u0103 s\u0103 explice sau s\u0103 fixeze idei eterne, nici s\u0103 \u00eencerce din r\u0103sputeri s\u0103 construiasc\u0103 un mo\u0219tenire care s\u0103 reziste testului timpului. Aceste acte neag\u0103 natura nerezonabil\u0103 a lumii.<\/p>\n

\"Merit\u0103?\"
\n\u00cen schimb, el prefer\u0103 artistul absurd, care tr\u0103ie\u0219te \u0219i creeaz\u0103 \u00een momentul prezent. Nu este legat doar de o singur\u0103 idee. Este Don Giovanni al ideilor, preg\u0103tit s\u0103 renun\u021be la munc\u0103 pe oricare dintre tablouri, doar pentru a petrece o noapte cu altul. Din exterior, aceste eforturi dureroase fa\u021b\u0103 de ceva at\u00e2t de efemer par lipsite de sens \u2013 \u0219i \u00een asta st\u0103 toat\u0103 esen\u021ba! Expresia artistic\u0103 \u00eencepe acolo unde ra\u021biunea se termin\u0103.<\/p>\n

De ce Sisyphus este un om fericit<\/h3>\n

\nTo\u021bi \u0219tim vechea poveste greceasc\u0103 despre Sisyphus, care s-a r\u0103zvr\u0103tit \u00eempotriva zeilor \u0219i, din aceast\u0103 cauz\u0103, a fost pedepsit. A fost condamnat s\u0103 \u00eemping\u0103 un pietroi \u00een sus pe un deal, doar pentru a-l vedea rostogolindu-se \u00eenapoi \u0219i \u00eencerc\u00e2nd s\u0103-l ridice din nou. \u0218i din nou. \u0218i a\u0219a, pentru \u00eentreaga eternitate.<\/p>\n

Camus \u00ee\u0219i \u00eencheie cartea cu o afirma\u021bie uimitoare \u0219i curajoas\u0103:<\/p>\n

\u201eTrebuie s\u0103 ne imagin\u0103m pe Sisyphus ca fiind fericit.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\"Merit\u0103?\"
\nEl spune c\u0103 Sisyphus este modelul perfect pentru noi, deoarece el nu are iluzii cu privire la situa\u021bia sa lipsit\u0103 de sens \u0219i totu\u0219i se \u00eempotrive\u0219te circumstan\u021belor. De fiecare dat\u0103 c\u00e2nd pietroiul se rostogole\u0219te din nou de pe st\u00e2nc\u0103, Sisyphus ia o decizie con\u0219tient\u0103 de a \u00eencerca din nou. Continu\u0103 s\u0103 \u00eemping\u0103 aceast\u0103 piatr\u0103 \u0219i recunoa\u0219te c\u0103 aceasta este \u00eentreaga esen\u021b\u0103 a existen\u021bei: a fi cu adev\u0103rat viu, a continua s\u0103 \u00eempingi.
\n
Sursa: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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