{"id":37921,"date":"2019-10-31T22:20:34","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:20:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/kak-ujti-iz-nauki-v-it-i-stat-testirovshhikom-istoriya-odnoj-karery\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:20:34","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:20:34","slug":"kak-ujti-iz-nauki-v-it-i-stat-testirovshhikom-istoriya-odnoj-karery","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/kak-ujti-iz-nauki-v-it-i-stat-testirovshhikom-istoriya-odnoj-karery","title":{"rendered":"Cum s\u0103 p\u0103r\u0103se\u0219ti \u0219tiin\u021ba pentru IT \u0219i s\u0103 devii tester: povestea unei cariere","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Cum
\n
\nAst\u0103zi \u00eei felicit\u0103m pe oamenii care, zi de zi, se \u00eengrijesc ca \u00een lume s\u0103 existe un pic mai mult\u0103 ordine \u2014 testeri. \u00cen aceast\u0103 zi, GeekUniversity de la Mail.ru Group deschide facultatea<\/a><\/noindex> pentru cei care vor s\u0103 se al\u0103ture lupt\u0103torilor \u00eempotriva entropiei Universului. Cursul este structurat astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t profesia de \u201eTester de software\u201d s\u0103 poat\u0103 fi \u00eenv\u0103\u021bat\u0103 de la zero, chiar \u0219i pentru cei care au lucrat anterior \u00eentr-un domeniu complet diferit. <\/p>\n

De asemenea, public\u0103m povestea studentei GeekBrains Maria Lupandina (@mahatimas<\/a><\/noindex>). Maria este doctor \u00een \u0219tiin\u021be tehnice specializat\u0103 \u00een \u201eAcustic\u0103\u201d. \u00cen prezent, lucreaz\u0103 ca tester de software \u00eentr-o mare companie de inginerie care dezvolt\u0103 software pentru institu\u021bii medicale.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\n\u00cen acest articol, vreau s\u0103 ar\u0103t oportunitatea unei schimb\u0103ri radicale de carier\u0103. \u00cenainte de a deveni tester, nu am avut prea multe leg\u0103turi cu tehnologia informa\u021biei, cu excep\u021bia momentelor necesare pentru fostul meu loc de munc\u0103. Dar sub presiunea mai multor factori, despre care voi povesti \u00een detaliu mai jos, am decis s\u0103 p\u0103r\u0103sesc sfera \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 pentru IT pur. A mers bine, iar acum pot s\u0103-mi \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219esc experien\u021ba.<\/p>\n

Cum a \u00eenceput totul: tehnologie plus \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103<\/h2>\n

\nDup\u0103 ce am terminat universitatea cu specializarea \u00een \u201eInginerie biomedical\u0103\u201d, m-am angajat la o \u00eentreprindere industrial\u0103 ca inginer de laborator. Aceasta este o munc\u0103 destul de interesant\u0103; responsabilit\u0103\u021bile mele includeau m\u0103surarea \u0219i controlul parametrilor produselor \u00eentreprinderii, precum \u0219i a materiei prime la diferite etape ale produc\u021biei.<\/p>\n

Voiam s\u0103 devin un specialist bun, a\u0219a c\u0103 m-am implicat treptat \u00een tehnologiile de produc\u021bie \u0219i am \u00eenv\u0103\u021bat specialit\u0103\u021bi conexe. De exemplu, atunci c\u00e2nd a ap\u0103rut necesitatea, am studiat metoda de efectuare a analizelor chimice pentru controlul calit\u0103\u021bii apei, folosind ca surse standarde na\u021bionale \u0219i reglement\u0103ri de bran\u0219\u0103. Mai t\u00e2rziu, am \u00eenv\u0103\u021bat aceast\u0103 metod\u0103 \u0219i al\u021bi laboran\u021bi. <\/p>\n

\u00cen acela\u0219i timp, am preg\u0103tit teza de doctorat, pe care am sus\u021binut-o cu succes. Fiind deja doctor \u00een \u0219tiin\u021be, am reu\u0219it s\u0103 ob\u021bin un grant substan\u021bial de la Fondul Rusesc pentru Cercet\u0103ri Fundamentale (RF\u0218I). Tot atunci am fost invitat\u0103 ca profesor la universitate cu o norm\u0103 de 0,3. Am realizat lucr\u0103ri pentru grant, am dezvoltat planuri de \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103m\u00e2nt \u0219i materiale metodice pentru disciplinele universitare, am publicat articole \u0219tiin\u021bifice, am predat cursuri, am coordonat practici, am elaborat teste pentru sistemul educa\u021bional electronic. \u00cemi pl\u0103cea foarte mult s\u0103 predau, dar, din p\u0103cate, contractul s-a \u00eencheiat \u0219i cariera mea ca angajat al universit\u0103\u021bii \u2014 de asemenea.<\/p>\n

De ce? Pe de o parte, mi-a\u0219 fi dorit s\u0103 continui drumul \u00een \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103, devenind, de exemplu, lector. Problema este c\u0103 contractul era pe termen determinat \u0219i nu am reu\u0219it s\u0103 m\u0103 consolidez \u00een \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103m\u00e2ntul superior \u2014 din p\u0103cate, nu mi s-a oferit un nou contract. <\/p>\n

Atunci am renun\u021bat la locul de munc\u0103 deoarece am decis c\u0103 trebuie s\u0103 schimb ceva, nu voiam s\u0103-mi dedic \u00eentreaga via\u021b\u0103 meseriei de inginer laborant. Pur \u0219i simplu nu aveam unde s\u0103 cresc profesional, nu exista oportunit\u0103\u021bi de dezvoltare. \u00centreprinderea era mic\u0103, a\u0219a c\u0103 nu se punea problema unei cariere. La lipsa perspectivelor de carier\u0103 se adaug\u0103 un salariu mic, o localizare incomod\u0103 a \u00eentreprinderii \u0219i o crescut\u0103 pericolitate a produc\u021biei. Rezultatul este un \u00eentreg complex de probleme pe care a trebuit pur \u0219i simplu s\u0103-l destram, ca pe un nod gordian, adic\u0103 \u2014 s\u0103 demisionez. <\/p>\n

Dup\u0103 demisie, am trecut la munc\u0103 liber\u0103. Astfel, am dezvoltat la comand\u0103 proiecte \u00een domeniile radiotehnicii, electricit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i acusticii. \u00cen special, am proiectat antene parabolice cu microunde, am dezvoltat o camer\u0103 acustic\u0103 amortizat\u0103 pentru studierea parametrilor microfoanelor. Am avut multe comenzi, dar totu\u0219i \u00eemi doream altceva. \u00centr-o zi minunat\u0103, am dorit s\u0103 \u00eemi \u00eencerc puterile ca programator. <\/p>\n

Noua \u00eenv\u0103\u021bare \u0219i freelancing<\/h2>\n

\nCumva, mi-a ap\u0103rut \u00een fa\u021b\u0103 reclama pentru cursurile GeekBrains \u0219i am decis s\u0103 \u00eencerc. Mai \u00eent\u00e2i, am finalizat cursul \u201eFundamentele program\u0103rii\u201d. Am dorit mai mult, a\u0219a c\u0103 am urmat \u0219i cursurile de \u201eDezvoltare web\u201d, iar aceasta a fost doar \u00eenceputul: am \u00eenv\u0103\u021bat HTML\/CSS, HTML5\/CSS3, JavaScript, dup\u0103 care am \u00eenceput s\u0103 studiez Java la cursurile \u201eProgramator Java<\/a><\/noindex>\u00cenv\u0103\u021barea a fost o mare provocare pentru for\u021bele mele \u2014 nu pentru c\u0103 cursul \u00een sine ar fi fost dificil, ci pentru c\u0103, adesea, a trebuit s\u0103 \u00eenv\u0103\u021b cu un copil \u00een bra\u021be.<\/p>\n

De ce tocmai Java? Am citit \u0219i auzit de mai multe ori c\u0103 este un limbaj universal, care poate fi folosit, de exemplu, \u00een dezvoltarea web. \u00cen plus, am citit c\u0103, cunosc\u00e2nd Java, po\u021bi trece la orice alt limbaj, dac\u0103 va fi nevoie. Asta s-a dovedit a fi adev\u0103rat: am scris cod \u00een C++ \u0219i a func\u021bionat, chiar dac\u0103 nu m-am ad\u00e2ncit prea mult \u00een sintaxa de baz\u0103. Am avut rezultate \u0219i cu Python, pe care am scris un mic parser pentru o pagin\u0103 web.<\/p>\n

\"Cum
\nUneori, a trebuit s\u0103 lucrez \u00een acest fel \u2014 s\u0103 a\u0219ez copilul \u00een rucsacul ergonomic, s\u0103-i dau o juc\u0103rie \u0219i s\u0103 sper c\u0103 va fi suficient pentru a finaliza urm\u0103toarea comand\u0103. <\/i><\/p>\n

Odat\u0103 ce am acumulat un anumit bagaj de cuno\u0219tin\u021be \u0219i experien\u021b\u0103 \u00een programare, am \u00eenceput s\u0103 accept comenzi pe freelancing. Astfel, am scris o aplica\u021bie pentru gestionarea finan\u021belor personale \u0219i un editor de text la comand\u0103. C\u00e2t despre editor, acesta este simplu, av\u00e2nd c\u00e2teva func\u021bii de baz\u0103 pentru formatarea textului, dar \u00ee\u0219i \u00eendepline\u0219te sarcina. \u00cen plus, am rezolvat sarcini legate de procesarea textului \u0219i am lucrat la crearea de pagini web. <\/p>\n

Vreau s\u0103 subliniez c\u0103 studiul program\u0103rii mi-a extins posibilit\u0103\u021bile \u0219i orizonturile: nu doar c\u0103 pot scrie programe la comand\u0103, dar m\u0103 ocup \u0219i de proiecte personale. De exemplu, am scris un program mic, dar util, care permite s\u0103 verifici dac\u0103 cineva \u00ee\u021bi modific\u0103 articolele pe Wikipedia. Programul parseaz\u0103 pagina cu articolul, g\u0103se\u0219te data ultimei modific\u0103ri \u0219i, dac\u0103 data nu coincide cu ultima dat\u0103 c\u00e2nd ai editat tu articolul, prime\u0219ti o notificare. De asemenea, am scris un program pentru calcularea automat\u0103 a pre\u021bului pentru un produs at\u00e2t de specific cum este for\u021ba de munc\u0103. Interfa\u021ba grafic\u0103 a programului a fost realizat\u0103 folosind biblioteca JavaFX. Bine\u00een\u021beles, am folosit un manual, dar algoritmul l-am dezvoltat singur\u0103, iar pentru implementarea acestuia am folosit principii de OOP \u0219i modelul de proiectare MVC.<\/p>\n

Freelancing-ul este bun, dar biroul este mai bun.<\/h2>\n

\n\u00cen general, mi-a pl\u0103cut s\u0103 fiu freelancer \u2014 pot c\u00e2\u0219tiga bani f\u0103r\u0103 a ie\u0219i din cas\u0103. Dar aici problema este num\u0103rul de comenzi. C\u00e2nd sunt multe, totul este bine din punct de vedere financiar, dar exist\u0103 proiecte urgente, pentru care trebuie s\u0103 stau treaz p\u00e2n\u0103 t\u00e2rziu \u00een noapte. C\u00e2nd sunt pu\u021bini clien\u021bi, sim\u021bi nevoia de bani. Principalele dezavantaje ale freelancing-ului sunt programul neregulat \u0219i nivelul nesigur al veniturilor. Toate acestea, desigur, au influen\u021bat calitatea vie\u021bii \u0219i starea psihologic\u0103 general\u0103.<\/p>\n

A venit \u00een\u021belegerea c\u0103 angajarea oficial\u0103 este ceea ce m-ar ajuta s\u0103 sc\u0103p de problemele men\u021bionate. Am \u00eenceput s\u0103 caut locuri de munc\u0103 pe site-uri specializate, am dezvoltat un CV bun (mul\u021bumesc profesorilor \u2014 m-am consultat frecvent cu ei cu privire la ce ar trebui s\u0103 indic \u00een CV \u0219i ce ar fi mai bine s\u0103 men\u021bionez \u00een timpul unei \u00eent\u00e2lniri personale cu poten\u021bialul angajator). \u00cen timpul c\u0103ut\u0103rilor am finalizat teste, unele dintre ele fiind destul de dificile. Rezultatele le-am ad\u0103ugat \u00een portofoliul, care, \u00een final, a devenit destul de voluminos.<\/p>\n

\u00cen final, am reu\u0219it s\u0103 ob\u021bin un loc de munc\u0103 ca tester \u00een cadrul unei companii care dezvolt\u0103 sisteme informa\u021bionale medicale pentru automatizarea circula\u021biei documentelor \u00een institu\u021biile de s\u0103n\u0103tate. M-au ajutat educa\u021bia superioar\u0103 \u00een domeniul \u00abingineriei biomedicale\u00bb, plus cuno\u0219tin\u021bele \u0219i experien\u021ba \u00een dezvoltarea software-ului. Am fost invitat\u0103 la interviu \u0219i, \u00een final, am ob\u021binut locul de munc\u0103.<\/p>\n

Acum, sarcina mea principal\u0103 este s\u0103 verific aplica\u021biile scrise de programatorii no\u0219tri, pentru a verifica robustetea acestora. Dac\u0103 software-ul nu a rezistat testului \u2014 trebuie s\u0103 fie \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bit. \u00cen plus, verific mesajele de la utilizatorii sistemului companiei noastre. La rezolvarea diferitelor probleme lucreaz\u0103 un \u00eentreg departament, iar eu fac parte din acesta. Platforma software dezvoltat\u0103 de compania noastr\u0103 este implementat\u0103 \u00een spitale \u0219i policlinici, iar dac\u0103 apar dificult\u0103\u021bi, utilizatorii trimit solicit\u0103ri pentru rezolvarea problemelor. Aceste solicit\u0103ri le analiz\u0103m. Uneori aleg eu \u00eens\u0103mi sarcina cu care voi lucra, iar alteori m\u0103 consult cu colegi mai experimenta\u021bi cu privire la alegerea task-urilor. <\/p>\n

Dup\u0103 ce taskul este finalizat, \u00eencepe munca. Pentru a rezolva problema, investighez originea erorii (deoarece exist\u0103 \u00eentotdeauna riscul ca motivul s\u0103 fie factorul uman). Dup\u0103 ce ob\u021bin toate detaliile de la client, elaborez un caiet de sarcini pentru programator. Dup\u0103 ce componenta sau modulul este gata, le testez \u0219i le integrez \u00een sistemul clientului.<\/p>\n

Din p\u0103cate, majoritatea testelor trebuie efectuate manual, deoarece implementarea automatiz\u0103rii este un proces de afaceri complex care necesit\u0103 o justificare serios\u0103 \u0219i o preg\u0103tire temeinic\u0103. Cu toate acestea, am avut ocazia s\u0103 m\u0103 familiarizez cu unele instrumente de automatizare. De exemplu, biblioteca Junit pentru testarea unui anumit bloc prin API. De asemenea, exist\u0103 framework-ul twin de la ebayopensource, care permite scrierea de scripturi ce imit\u0103 ac\u021biunile utilizatorului, foarte similar cu Selenium, utilizat \u00een web. Plus, am \u00eenv\u0103\u021bat framework-ul Cucumber.<\/p>\n

Venitul meu la noul loc de munc\u0103 a crescut de dou\u0103 ori comparativ cu freelancingul \u2014 de fapt, \u00een mare parte datorit\u0103 faptului c\u0103 lucrez cu norm\u0103 \u00eentreag\u0103. Apropo, conform statisticilor hh.ru \u0219i altor resurse, salariul unui dezvoltator \u00een Taganrog este \u00eentre 40.000 \u0219i 70.000 de ruble. \u00cen general, aceste date sunt conforme cu realitatea. <\/p>\n

Locul de munc\u0103 este dotat cu tot ce este necesar, biroul este spa\u021bios, are multe feronerie \u0219i mereu aer proasp\u0103t. \u00cen plus, exist\u0103 o buc\u0103t\u0103rie, un aparat de cafea \u0219i, bine\u00een\u021beles, biscui\u021bi! Colegii sunt de asemenea grozavi, nu sunt deloc aspecte negative \u00een acest sens. O munc\u0103 bun\u0103, colegi, ce altceva ar putea dori un programator-testor pentru fericirea sa?<\/p>\n

Vreau s\u0103 subliniez c\u0103 biroul companiei se afl\u0103 \u00een Taganrog, ora\u0219ul meu natal. Aici exist\u0103 multe companii IT, a\u0219a c\u0103 sunt multe oportunit\u0103\u021bi. Dac\u0103 \u00ee\u021bi dore\u0219ti, po\u021bi s\u0103 te mu\u021bi \u00een Rostov \u2014 acolo sunt mai multe oportunit\u0103\u021bi, dar deocamdat\u0103 nu pl\u0103nuiesc mutarea.<\/p>\n

Ce urmeaz\u0103?<\/h2>\n

\nP\u00e2n\u0103 acum, sunt mul\u021bumit de ceea ce am. Dar nu m\u0103 voi opri \u2014 a\u0219a c\u0103 continui s\u0103 \u00eenv\u0103\u021b. Am \u00een plan un curs de \u201eJavaScript. Nivel 2\u201d, \u0219i de \u00eendat\u0103 ce voi avea mai mult timp liber, m\u0103 voi apuca de el. Repet regulat materialele deja parcurse, plus c\u0103 urm\u0103resc lec\u021bii \u0219i webinarii. \u00cen plus, particip la programul de mentoring de la GeekBrains. A\u0219a c\u0103, pentru studen\u021bii care au terminat cu succes cursurile \u0219i au predat la timp temele, exist\u0103 posibilitatea de a fi mentor pentru al\u021bi studen\u021bi. Mentorul r\u0103spunde la \u00eentreb\u0103ri \u0219i ajut\u0103 cu temele. Pentru mine, aceasta este \u0219i o manier\u0103 de a repeta \u0219i consolida materialul parcurs. \u00cen timpul liber, atunci c\u00e2nd am ocazia, rezolv exerci\u021bii de pe resurse precum hackerrank.com<\/a><\/noindex>, codeabbey.com<\/a><\/noindex>, sql-ex.ru<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

De asemenea, studiez un curs de dezvoltare Android, sus\u021binut de profesorii de la ITMO. Aceste cursuri sunt gratuite, iar dac\u0103 dorim, putem sus\u021bine un examen pl\u0103tit. A\u0219 dori s\u0103 men\u021bionez c\u0103 echipa ITMO men\u021bine primul loc mondial la competi\u021biile de programare.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2teva sfaturi pentru cei interesa\u021bi de programare<\/h2>\n

\nAv\u00e2nd deja o anumit\u0103 experien\u021b\u0103 \u00een dezvoltare, a\u0219 dori s\u0103 le sf\u0103tuiesc pe cei care inten\u021bioneaz\u0103 s\u0103 se \u00eendrepte spre IT s\u0103 nu se arunce cu capul \u00eenainte. Pentru a deveni un bun specialist, trebuie s\u0103 fii pasionat de ceea ce faci. Iar pentru asta, trebuie s\u0103 alegi acea direc\u021bie care \u00ee\u021bi place foarte mult. Din fericire, acum, pe internet exist\u0103 o mul\u021bime de recenzii \u0219i descrieri despre orice domeniu de dezvoltare, limbaj sau cadru de lucru.<\/p>\n

\u0218i merit\u0103 s\u0103 fii preg\u0103tit pentru un proces constant de \u00eenv\u0103\u021bare. Un programator nu poate s\u0103 se opreasc\u0103 \u2014 aceasta este echivalent cu moartea, de\u0219i \u00een cazul nostru nu se refer\u0103 la moarte fizic\u0103, ci profesional\u0103. Dac\u0103 e\u0219ti preg\u0103tit pentru asta \u2014 atunci \u00eenainte, de ce nu?
\n
Sursa: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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