{"id":38237,"date":"2019-10-31T22:22:29","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:22:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/psihologicheskoe-testirovanie-kak-projti-put-ot-diplomirovannogo-psihologa-do-testirovshhika\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:22:29","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:22:29","slug":"psihologicheskoe-testirovanie-kak-projti-put-ot-diplomirovannogo-psihologa-do-testirovshhika","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/psihologicheskoe-testirovanie-kak-projti-put-ot-diplomirovannogo-psihologa-do-testirovshhika","title":{"rendered":"Testarea psihologic\u0103: cum s\u0103 treci de la psiholog diplomant la tester","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Articol<\/a><\/noindex> Colegul meu, Danila Yusupov, m-a inspirat foarte mult. Este uimitor c\u00e2t de prietenoas\u0103 \u0219i primitoare este sfera IT \u2013 \u00eenva\u021b\u0103 \u0219i intr\u0103, \u0219i continu\u0103 mereu s\u0103 \u00eenve\u021bi ceva nou. De aceea, vreau s\u0103 \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219esc povestea mea despre cum am studiat psihologia \u0219i am devenit testeri. <\/p>\n

\"Testarea
\nAm \u00eenceput s\u0103 studiez psihologia dintr-un impuls interior \u2013 voiam s\u0103 ajut oamenii \u0219i s\u0103 fiu de folos societ\u0103\u021bii. \u00cen plus, activitatea \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 m\u0103 interesa foarte mult. \u00cenva\u021bam u\u0219or, scriam lucr\u0103ri \u0219tiin\u021bifice, prezentam la conferin\u021be \u0219i aveam chiar cercet\u0103ri cu relevan\u021b\u0103 practic\u0103, planific\u00e2nd s\u0103 m\u0103 aprofundez \u00een domeniul psihologiei clinice. Totu\u0219i, tot ce este bun se termin\u0103 \u2013 \u0219i studiile mele universitare s-au \u00eencheiat. Am refuzat s\u0103 continui cu doctoratul din cauza salariilor ridicole \u0219i am ie\u0219it \u00een lume s\u0103-mi caut drumul.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex>Aici m-a a\u0219teptat o surpriz\u0103: cu diploma \u0219i lucr\u0103rile mele \u0219tiin\u021bifice, nu eram deloc c\u0103utat\u0103. Deloc. C\u0103utau psihologi la gr\u0103dini\u021be \u0219i \u0219coli, ceea ce nu era o op\u021biune acceptabil\u0103 pentru mine, deoarece nu m\u0103 descurc bine cu copiii. Pentru a putea consilia, trebuia s\u0103 lucrez un anumit timp gratuit sau pentru o sum\u0103 derizorie.<\/p>\n

S\u0103 spun c\u0103 eram disperat\u0103 este pu\u021bin spus.<\/p>\n

C\u0103utarea cuiva nou<\/h1>\n

\nUnul dintre cunoscu\u021bii mei lucra \u00een dezvoltarea de software, el mi-a propus, privind la dificult\u0103\u021bile mele, s\u0103 vin la ei ca tester \u2013 m\u0103 descurcam bine cu computerele, eram interesat\u0103 de tehnologie \u0219i, \u00een principiu, nu eram complet str\u0103in\u0103 de umanitate. Dar p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een acel moment nu \u0219tiam c\u0103 exist\u0103 o astfel de profesie. Totu\u0219i, am decis c\u0103 nu am nimic de pierdut \u2013 a\u0219a c\u0103 am mers. Am trecut interviul \u0219i am fost acceptat\u0103 \u00eentr-o echip\u0103 prietenoas\u0103.<\/p>\n

Am fost informat\u0103 pe scurt despre software (programul era imens, cu foarte multe subsisteme) \u0219i imediat trimis\u0103 \u00abpe teren\u00bb pentru implementare. \u0218i nu undeva, ci la poli\u021bie. Mi s-a alocat un loc \u00eentr-un subsol al unei unit\u0103\u021bi de poli\u021bie dintr-unul dintre districtele republicii noastre (Tatarstan). Acolo am instruit angaja\u021bii, am colectat probleme \u0219i sugestii \u0219i am efectuat prezent\u0103ri pentru conducere \u0219i, desigur, \u00een paralel, am efectuat testarea software-ului \u0219i am trimis rapoarte dezvoltatorilor.<\/p>\n

Colaborarea cu reprezentan\u021bii structurilor de for\u021b\u0103 nu este u\u0219oar\u0103 - ei se supun ordinelor, au un raport strict, a\u0219a c\u0103 \u0219i se exprim\u0103 \u00een formul\u0103ri oficiale. A trebuit s\u0103 g\u0103sesc un teren comun cu to\u021bi: de la locotenent la colonel. \u00cen acest sens, mi-a fost de mare ajutor specializarea mea de la facultate.<\/p>\n

\"Testarea
\n<\/p>\n

Dezvoltarea unei baze teoretice<\/h1>\n

\nTrebuie s\u0103 spun c\u0103, atunci c\u00e2nd am \u00eenceput s\u0103 lucrez, nu aveam nicio baz\u0103 teoretic\u0103. Aveam documenta\u021bia \u0219i \u0219tiam cum ar trebui s\u0103 func\u021bioneze programul; de la asta porneam. Nu \u0219tiam ce tipuri de testare exist\u0103, ce instrumente pot folosi pentru a-mi u\u0219ura munca, cum s\u0103 fac analiza testelor, ce este designul testelor - toate aceste lucruri \u00eemi erau necunoscute. Nici m\u0103car nu \u0219tiam unde s\u0103 caut r\u0103spunsuri la aceste \u00eentreb\u0103ri sau unde m\u0103 pot \u00eenv\u0103\u021ba multe. Pur \u0219i simplu c\u0103utam probleme \u00een software \u0219i m\u0103 bucuram c\u0103 totul devine mai u\u0219or \u0219i mai confortabil pentru utilizatori.<\/p>\n

Cu toate acestea, monkey testing se love\u0219te \u00een cele din urm\u0103 de problema lipsei unei baze teoretice. A\u0219a c\u0103 m-am apucat de educa\u021bie. S-a \u00eent\u00e2mplat ca \u00een departamentul nostru \u0219i \u00een \u00eentregul proiect uria\u0219 s\u0103 nu existe atunci niciun tester profesionist. Testarea era adesea efectuat\u0103 de dezvoltatori, \u0219i mai frecvent - de anali\u0219ti. Nu aveam de la cine \u00eenv\u0103\u021ba testarea \u00een sine.<\/p>\n

Ei bine, unde se duce un IT-ist \u00een astfel de situa\u021bii? Desigur, pe Google.<\/p>\n

Primul care mi-a ie\u0219it \u00een cale a fost o carte a lui Black \u201eProcesele cheie de testare\u201d<\/a><\/noindex>. Aceasta m-a ajutat s\u0103 sistematizez ceea ce \u0219tiam p\u00e2n\u0103 la acel moment \u0219i s\u0103 \u00een\u021beleg \u00een ce domenii aveam deficien\u021be \u00een proiectul meu (\u0219i \u00een \u00een\u021belegerea test\u0103rii). Indicatoarele stabilite \u00een carte au fost foarte importante - \u0219i, \u00een cele din urm\u0103, au devenit fundamentul cuno\u0219tin\u021belor ulterioare.<\/p>\n

Apoi au urmat multe alte c\u0103r\u021bi - nu le pot men\u021biona pe toate \u0219i, desigur, treninguri: fa\u021b\u0103 \u00een fa\u021b\u0103 \u0219i online. Dac\u0103 vorbim despre trainingurile fa\u021b\u0103 \u00een fa\u021b\u0103, acestea nu m-au ajutat foarte mult, totu\u0219i, \u00een trei zile nu po\u021bi \u00eenv\u0103\u021ba testarea. Cuno\u0219tin\u021bele \u00een testare sunt ca construc\u021bia unei case: mai \u00eent\u00e2i trebuie s\u0103 ai un fundament solid, apoi - s\u0103 ridici pere\u021bii. <\/p>\n

\u00cen ceea ce prive\u0219te cursurile online, acestea constituie o solu\u021bie bun\u0103. Exist\u0103 suficient timp \u00eentre lec\u021bii pentru a testa temeinic noile cuno\u0219tin\u021be \u0219i chiar a le aplica \u00een mod real pe propriul proiect. De asemenea, se poate studia \u00een orice moment convenabil (ceea ce este important pentru o persoan\u0103 care lucreaz\u0103), dar exist\u0103 \u0219i termene limit\u0103 pentru predarea sarcinilor (ceea ce este, de asemenea, foarte important pentru o persoan\u0103 care lucreaz\u0103 :)). Recomand. <\/p>\n

Dac\u0103 vorbim despre dificult\u0103\u021bile \u00eent\u00e2mpinate de un tester, la \u00eenceput m\u0103 temeam cel mai mult de complexitatea sistemelor, de numeroasele procese diferite care au loc. \u00centotdeauna \u00eemi p\u0103rea: \u201eDar eu testez acest c\u00e2mp, la ce altceva mai influen\u021beaz\u0103?\u201d. A trebuit s\u0103 alerg la dezvoltatori, anali\u0219ti, uneori s\u0103 \u00eentreb utilizatorii. M-au salvat diagramele proceselor. Am desenat o mul\u021bime de ele, \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu o foaie A4 \u0219i apoi lipind alte foi din toate p\u0103r\u021bile. \u0218i acum fac la fel, acest lucru m\u0103 ajut\u0103 foarte mult s\u0103 sistematizez procesele: s\u0103 v\u0103d ce avem la intrare \u0219i la ie\u0219ire \u0219i unde software-ul are \u201epuncte slabe\u201d.<\/p>\n

\"Testarea
\n
\nCe m\u0103 sperie acum? Munca plictisitoare (dar necesar\u0103), cum ar fi scrierea cazurilor de testare, de exemplu. Testarea este un lucru creativ, dar \u00een acela\u0219i timp \u0219i o munc\u0103 formalizat\u0103 \u0219i metodic\u0103 (da, acesta este paradoxul). Permite\u021bi-v\u0103 s\u0103 \u201epluti\u021bi\u201d deasupra proceselor, s\u0103 verifica\u021bi cele mai nebune presupuneri, dar doar dup\u0103 ce a\u021bi parcurs scenariile principale \ud83d\ude42 <\/p>\n

\u00cen general, ceea ce la \u00eenceput am \u00een\u021beles era c\u0103 nu \u0219tiu nimic; ceea ce acum \u00een\u021beleg la fel, dar! \u00cen trecut, necunoa\u0219terea unei lucruri m\u0103 speria, iar acum este o provocare pentru mine. S\u0103 st\u0103p\u00e2ne\u0219ti un nou instrument, s\u0103 \u00een\u021belegi o nou\u0103 tehnic\u0103, s\u0103 iei un software necunoscut \u0219i s\u0103-l demontezi p\u00e2n\u0103 la cele mai mici piese \u2013 aceasta este o munc\u0103 mare, dar omul este n\u0103scut pentru munc\u0103.<\/p>\n

\u00cen munca mea, m-am \u00eent\u00e2lnit adesea cu o atitudine oarecum dispre\u021buitoare fa\u021b\u0103 de testeri. Se spunea, de parc\u0103 dezvoltatorii sunt oameni serio\u0219i, \u00eentotdeauna ocupa\u021bi; iar testerii \u2013 nu se \u0219tie de ce sunt necesari, deoarece se poate descurca foarte bine \u0219i f\u0103r\u0103 ei. Din aceast\u0103 cauz\u0103, adesea mi se \u00eenc\u0103rca mult\u0103 munc\u0103 suplimentar\u0103, cum ar fi dezvoltarea documenta\u021biei, altfel se considera c\u0103 m\u0103 fac inutil\u0103. Am \u00eenv\u0103\u021bat s\u0103 scriu documenta\u021bie conform standardului \u0219i s\u0103 redactez bine instruc\u021biuni pentru utilizatori (din fericire, interac\u021bionam destul de bine cu utilizatorii \u0219i \u0219tiam cum le-ar fi mai convenabil). Acum, dup\u0103 9 ani de munc\u0103 ca tester \u00een grupul de companii ICL (ultimii 3 ani \u0219i \u00een prezent \u00een subdiviziunea grupului de companii - ICL Services), realizez pe deplin c\u00e2t de important\u0103 este munca testerilor. Chiar \u0219i cel mai remarcabil dezvoltator poate omite ceva \u0219i poate s\u0103 nu \u021bin\u0103 cont de anumite aspecte. \u00cen plus, testerii nu sunt doar supraveghetori stric\u021bi, ci \u0219i ap\u0103r\u0103tori ai utilizatorilor. Cine, dac\u0103 nu un tester, \u0219tie bine cum ar trebui s\u0103 fie construit procesul de lucru cu software-ul; \u0219i cine, dac\u0103 nu un tester, poate privi software-ul din perspectiva utilizatorului \u0219i poate oferi recomand\u0103ri privind UI?<\/p>\n

Din fericire, acum, pe proiectul meu, pot folosi toate abilit\u0103\u021bile acumulate anterior \u2013 testez (at\u00e2t conform test-cazurilor, c\u00e2t \u0219i pur \u0219i simplu pentru pl\u0103cere :)), scriu documenta\u021bie, \u00eemi pas\u0103 de utilizatori \u0219i chiar ajut c\u00e2teodat\u0103 la testarea de acceptan\u021b\u0103. <\/p>\n

Ceea ce \u00eemi place cel mai mult \u00een munca mea este c\u0103 trebuie s\u0103 \u00eenv\u0103\u021b mereu lucruri noi \u2013 nu po\u021bi s\u0103 stai pe loc, s\u0103 faci zi de zi acela\u0219i lucru \u0219i s\u0103 fii specialist. \u00cen plus, am avut mult noroc cu echipa \u2013 sunt profesioni\u0219ti \u00een domeniul lor, mereu gata s\u0103 ajute, dac\u0103 nu \u00een\u021beleg ceva, de exemplu, \u00een dezvoltarea testelor automate sau \u00een desf\u0103\u0219urarea testelor de \u00eenc\u0103rcare. \u0218i colegii mei au \u00eencredere \u00een mine: chiar \u0219tiind c\u0103 am o educa\u021bie umanist\u0103, \u0219i presupun\u00e2nd c\u0103 am \u201egoluri\u201d \u00een educa\u021bia mea IT, ei nu spun niciodat\u0103: \u201eProbabil c\u0103 nu te vei descurca\u201d. Ei spun: \u201eTe vei descurca, \u0219i, dac\u0103 ai \u00eentreb\u0103ri \u2013 nu ezita s\u0103 \u00eentrebi.\u201d <\/p>\n

\"Testarea
\n
\nScriu acest articol \u00een primul r\u00e2nd pentru cei care ar dori s\u0103 lucreze \u00een IT \u00een general \u0219i \u00een testare, \u00een special. \u00cen\u021beleg c\u0103 lumea IT pare complicat\u0103 \u0219i misterioas\u0103, \u0219i poate p\u0103rea c\u0103 nu v-a\u021bi descurca, c\u0103 nu ave\u021bi suficiente cuno\u0219tin\u021be sau c\u0103 nu ve\u021bi reu\u0219i... Dar, din punctul meu de vedere, IT-ul este cel mai primitor domeniu, dac\u0103 dori\u021bi s\u0103 \u00eenv\u0103\u021ba\u021bi \u0219i sunte\u021bi dispu\u0219i s\u0103 munci\u021bi. Dac\u0103 sunte\u021bi preg\u0103ti\u021bi s\u0103 aduce\u021bi contribu\u021bii fizice \u0219i mentale la crearea de software de calitate, s\u0103 ave\u021bi grij\u0103 de utilizatori \u0219i, \u00een final, s\u0103 face\u021bi lumea mai bun\u0103, atunci veni\u021bi aici! <\/p>\n

Checklist pentru intrarea \u00een profesie<\/h1>\n

\n\u0218i pentru voi am realizat o mic\u0103 list\u0103 de verificare pentru intrarea \u00een profesie:<\/p>\n

\n
    \n
  1. Desigur, trebuie s\u0103 v\u0103 \u00een\u021belege\u021bi bine cu computerele \u0219i s\u0103 fi\u021bi interesat de tehnologie. Practic, f\u0103r\u0103 asta, nu ar trebui s\u0103 \u00eencepe\u021bi.<\/li>\n
  2. Identifica\u021bi \u00een voi calit\u0103\u021bile profesionale importante ale unui tester: curiozitate, aten\u021bie, capacitatea de a men\u021bine \u00een minte o \u201eimagine\u201d a sistemului \u0219i a o analiza, perseveren\u021b\u0103, responsabilitate \u0219i capacitatea de a face nu doar \u201edistrugerea\u201d amuzant\u0103 a sistemului, ci \u0219i munca \u201eplictisitoare\u201d de redactare a documenta\u021biei de testare. <\/li>\n
  3. Lua\u021bi c\u0103r\u021bi despre testare (le pute\u021bi g\u0103si f\u0103r\u0103 probleme \u00een format electronic) \u2013 \u0219i pune\u021bi-le deoparte. Crede\u021bi-m\u0103, la \u00eenceput acestea v\u0103 vor speria mai degrab\u0103 dec\u00e2t s\u0103 v\u0103 \u00eencurajeze. <\/li>\n
  4. Al\u0103tura\u021bi-v\u0103 unei comunit\u0103\u021bi profesionale. Acesta poate fi un forum pentru testeri (sunt destule, alege\u021bi-l pe cel care v\u0103 place), un blog al unui tester profesionist sau altceva. De ce? Ei bine, mai \u00eent\u00e2i, comunit\u0103\u021bile de testeri sunt destul de prietenoase \u0219i ve\u021bi primi \u00eentotdeauna suport \u0219i sfaturi atunci c\u00e2nd le cere\u021bi. \u00cen al doilea r\u00e2nd, c\u00e2nd ve\u021bi \u00eencepe s\u0103 v\u0103 \u00eenv\u00e2rti\u021bi \u00een acest domeniu, va fi mai u\u0219or s\u0103 v\u0103 integra\u021bi \u00een profesie.<\/li>\n
  5. \u00cencepe\u021bi s\u0103 lucra\u021bi. Pute\u021bi deveni stagiar tester, iar colegii mai experimenta\u021bi v\u0103 vor \u00eenv\u0103\u021ba tot ce trebuie s\u0103 \u0219ti\u021bi. Sau pute\u021bi \u00eencepe cu sarcini simple pe freelancing. \u00cen orice caz, trebuie s\u0103 \u00eencepe\u021bi s\u0103 lucra\u021bi.<\/li>\n
  6. Dup\u0103 ce a\u021bi \u00eenceput s\u0103 practica\u021bi testarea, \u00eentoarce\u021bi-v\u0103 la c\u0103r\u021bile pe care le-a\u021bi pus deoparte la punctul 3. <\/li>\n
  7. Con\u0219tientiza\u021bi c\u0103 va trebui s\u0103 \u00eenv\u0103\u021ba\u021bi constant. Zi de zi, an de an, ve\u021bi \u00eenv\u0103\u021ba ceva nou \u0219i ve\u021bi \u00een\u021belege lucruri noi. Accepta\u021bi aceast\u0103 situa\u021bie. <\/li>\n
  8. \u00cendep\u0103rta\u021bi-v\u0103 temerile \u0219i \u00eendoielile \u0219i preg\u0103ti\u021bi-v\u0103 pentru unul dintre cele mai interesante locuri de munc\u0103 din lume \ud83d\ude42<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/blockquote>\n

    \u0218i, desigur, nu v\u0103 teme\u021bi de nimic \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n

    Ve\u021bi reu\u0219i, mult succes!<\/p>\n

    UPD: \u00cen comentariile la articol, respecta\u021bii comentatori mi-au atras aten\u021bia c\u0103 nu tuturor le poate merge la fel de bine la \u00eenceput ca mie. A\u0219adar, a\u0219 dori s\u0103 adaug punctul 3a \u00een checklist.<\/i><\/p>\n

    3a. C\u00e2nd am spus c\u0103 deocamdat\u0103 este mai bine s\u0103 l\u0103s\u0103m c\u0103r\u021bile deoparte, m-am referit la faptul c\u0103 \u00een aceast\u0103 etap\u0103 ar fi periculos s\u0103 te supra\u00eencarci cu teorie, iar cuno\u0219tin\u021bele teoretice sunt greu de structurat corect f\u0103r\u0103 practic\u0103, iar o cantitate mare de teorie te poate speria. Dac\u0103 vrei s\u0103 te sim\u021bi mai \u00eencrez\u0103tor \u0219i s\u0103 nu pierzi timp c\u0103ut\u00e2nd unde s\u0103 \u00eencepi s\u0103 faci practic\u0103, \u00ee\u021bi recomand s\u0103 urmezi un curs online pentru \u00eencep\u0103tori \u00een testare sau s\u0103 ascul\u021bi un curs despre testare. Ambele sunt foarte u\u0219or de g\u0103sit \u0219i informa\u021biile vor fi prezentate \u00eentr-o form\u0103 accesibil\u0103. \u0218i vezi urm\u0103torul punct.<\/i>
    \n
    Sursa:     habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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