{"id":38441,"date":"2019-10-31T22:23:44","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:23:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/hvatit-dumat-chto-sla-vas-spaset-ono-nuzhno-chtoby-uspokoit-i-sozdat-lozhnoe-chuvstvo-bezopasnosti\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:23:44","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:23:44","slug":"hvatit-dumat-chto-sla-vas-spaset-ono-nuzhno-chtoby-uspokoit-i-sozdat-lozhnoe-chuvstvo-bezopasnosti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/hvatit-dumat-chto-sla-vas-spaset-ono-nuzhno-chtoby-uspokoit-i-sozdat-lozhnoe-chuvstvo-bezopasnosti","title":{"rendered":"Este timpul s\u0103 \u00eenceta\u021bi s\u0103 crede\u021bi c\u0103 SLA-ul v\u0103 va salva. Este necesar pentru a lini\u0219ti \u0219i a crea un sentiment fals de siguran\u021b\u0103","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Este timpul s\u0103 \u00eenceta\u021bi s\u0103 crede\u021bi c\u0103 SLA-ul v\u0103 va salva. Este necesar pentru a lini\u0219ti \u0219i a crea un sentiment fals de siguran\u021b\u0103\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/3a683cfb165bb8a3e109e10b32b5cd52.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nSLA, adic\u0103 \u201econtract de nivel de service\u201d \u2014 este un acord-garan\u021bie \u00eentre client \u0219i furnizor de servicii despre ceea ce va primi clientul \u00een materie de suport. Acesta prevede, de asemenea, compensa\u021biile \u00een caz de \u00eencetare a serviciilor din vina furnizorului \u0219i altele asemenea. Practic, SLA este un document prin care centrul de date sau furnizorul de hosting convinge poten\u021bialul client c\u0103 va fi tratat cu maxim\u0103 aten\u021bie. Problema este c\u0103 \u00een SLA se pot scrie lucruri diverse, iar evenimentele specificate \u00een acest document nu se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 foarte des. SLA nu este un reper bun \u00een alegerea centrului de date \u0219i nu ar trebui s\u0103 ne baz\u0103m pe el. <\/p>\n<p>Cu to\u021bii suntem obi\u0219nui\u021bi s\u0103 semn\u0103m diferite contracte care impun anumite obliga\u021bii. SLA nu face excep\u021bie \u2014 de obicei este cel mai deta\u0219at de realitate document pe care \u00eel putem imagina. Probabil c\u0103 cel mai inutil ar fi un NDA \u00een jurisdic\u021bii unde conceptul de \u201esecret comercial\u201d nu exist\u0103 propriu-zis. Problema este c\u0103 SLA nu ajut\u0103 clientul s\u0103 fac\u0103 o alegere corect\u0103 a furnizorului, ci doar arunc\u0103 praf \u00een ochi. <\/p>\n<p>Ce scriu cel mai des furnizorii de hosting \u00een versiunea public\u0103 a SLA-ului pe care o arat\u0103 publicului? Primul termen este de obicei \u201efiabilitate\u201d \u2014 aceasta se traduce, de obicei, prin cifre \u00eentre 98% \u0219i 99,999%. Aceste cifre sunt, \u00een esen\u021b\u0103, doar o inven\u021bie frumoas\u0103 a marketerilor. Atunci, c\u00e2nd hostingul era t\u00e2n\u0103r \u0219i scump, iar norii erau doar un vis pentru speciali\u0219ti (la fel ca accesul la l\u0103\u021bime de band\u0103 pentru to\u021bi), procentajul de uptime era extrem de important. Acum, c\u00e2nd to\u021bi furnizorii folosesc mai mult sau mai pu\u021bin aceea\u0219i echipament, opereaz\u0103 pe acelea\u0219i re\u021bele de baz\u0103 \u0219i ofer\u0103 acelea\u0219i pachete de servicii, procentajul de uptime nu mai are relevan\u021b\u0103. <br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h3>Exist\u0103 oare un \u201eSLA corect\u201d? <\/h3>\n<p>\nDesigur, exist\u0103 \u0219i versiuni ideale de SLA, dar toate acestea sunt documente atipice \u0219i sunt redactate \u0219i \u00eencheiate manual \u00eentre client \u0219i furnizor. Acest tip de SLA se refer\u0103, de obicei, la lucr\u0103ri de subcontractare, mai degrab\u0103 dec\u00e2t la servicii. <\/p>\n<p>Ce ar trebui s\u0103 con\u021bin\u0103 un SLA bun? Dac\u0103 ar fi s\u0103 oferim un rezumat, un SLA bun este un document care reglementeaz\u0103 rela\u021biile dintre doi subiec\u021bi \u0219i ofer\u0103 uneia dintre p\u0103r\u021bi (clientului) maximul de control asupra procesului. Asta \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103, \u00een realitate, exist\u0103 un document care descrie procesele globale de interac\u021biune \u0219i reglementeaz\u0103 rela\u021biile dintre p\u0103r\u021bi. Acesta stabile\u0219te limite, reguli \u0219i devine un levers de influen\u021b\u0103 pe care ambele p\u0103r\u021bi \u00eel pot folosi pe deplin. Astfel, datorit\u0103 unui SLA bine formulat, clientul poate obliga furnizorul s\u0103 lucreze conform \u00een\u021belegerii, iar furnizorul este ajutat s\u0103 se apere de dorin\u021bele nejustificate ale unui client prea activ. Se prezint\u0103 astfel: \u201e\u00cen SLA-ul nostru este scris a\u0219a \u0219i pe dincolo, pleca\u021bi de aici, noi facem totul conform acordului\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Deci, un \u201eSLA corect\u201d = \u201eun contract adecvat de servicii\u201d \u0219i ofer\u0103 control asupra situa\u021biei. \u0218i asta este posibil doar atunci c\u00e2nd se lucreaz\u0103 \u201epe picior de egalitate\u201d. <\/p>\n<h3>Ceea ce scrie pe site \u0219i ceea ce a\u0219teapt\u0103 \u00een realitate sunt lucruri diferite.<\/h3>\n<p>\n\u00cen general, tot ceea ce vom discuta mai departe sunt trucuri de marketing tipice \u0219i teste de aten\u021bie. <\/p>\n<p>Dac\u0103 lu\u0103m providerii de hosting populari din \u021bar\u0103, fiecare ofert\u0103 este mai atr\u0103g\u0103toare dec\u00e2t cealalt\u0103: suport 25\/8, uptime-ul serverelor de 99,9999999% din timp, o mul\u021bime de centre de date proprii cel pu\u021bin \u00een Rusia. V\u0103 rog s\u0103 re\u021bine\u021bi momentul legat de centrele de date, <b>ne vom \u00eentoarce la el pu\u021bin mai t\u00e2rziu.<\/b>. \u00centre timp, s\u0103 discut\u0103m despre statistica ideal\u0103 a redundan\u021bei \u0219i cu ce se confrunt\u0103 o persoan\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd serverul s\u0103u ajunge \u00een \u201e0,0000001% din c\u0103deri\u201d. <\/p>\n<p>La indicatori de 98% sau mai sus, orice c\u0103dere este un eveniment la limita erorii statistice. Echipamentele de lucru \u0219i conexiunea fie exist\u0103, fie nu. Pute\u021bi folosi un provider de hosting cu un \u201eindicator de fiabilitate\u201d de 50% (conform propriului SLA) mul\u021bi ani f\u0103r\u0103 nicio problem\u0103 sau pute\u021bi \u201ec\u0103dea\u201d o dat\u0103 pe lun\u0103 timp de c\u00e2teva zile la providerii care declar\u0103 99,99%. <\/p>\n<p>C\u00e2nd momentul c\u0103derii totu\u0219i apare (iar toate serverele, amintim, cad la un moment dat), atunci clientul se confrunt\u0103 cu ma\u0219ina corporativ\u0103 intern\u0103 numit\u0103 \u201esuport\u201d, iar la lumin\u0103 iese contractul de servicii \u0219i SLA-ul. Ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 asta:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Cel mai probabil, \u00een primele patru ore de nefunc\u021bionare nu ve\u021bi putea s\u0103 revendica\u021bi nimic, de\u0219i unele firme de hosting \u00eencep recalcularea tarifelor (plata compensa\u021biei) din momentul c\u0103derii. <\/li>\n<li>Dac\u0103 serverul este inaccesibil o perioad\u0103 mai mare, este posibil s\u0103 pute\u021bi depune o cerere pentru recalcularea tarifelor.<\/li>\n<li>\u0218i asta cu condi\u021bia ca problema s\u0103 fi fost cauzat\u0103 de furnizor.<\/li>\n<li>Dac\u0103 problema dumneavoastr\u0103 a ap\u0103rut din cauza unei ter\u021be p\u0103r\u021bi (pe magistral\u0103), atunci se consider\u0103 c\u0103 \u00abnimeni nu este de vin\u0103\u00bb \u0219i c\u00e2nd se va rezolva problema este o chestiune de noroc. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n\u00cen plus, este important s\u0103 \u00een\u021belege\u021bi c\u0103 nu ve\u021bi avea niciodat\u0103 acces la echipa de inginerie; de cele mai multe ori sunte\u021bi oprit de prima linie de suport, care comunic\u0103 cu dumneavoastr\u0103, \u00een timp ce adev\u0103ra\u021bii ingineri \u00eencearc\u0103 s\u0103 rezolve situa\u021bia. Un scenariu cunoscut?<\/p>\n<p>Mul\u021bi sper\u0103 c\u0103 SLA v\u0103 va proteja de astfel de situa\u021bii. Dar, de fapt, companiile rareori dep\u0103\u0219esc limitele propriului document sau \u0219tiu s\u0103 \u00eendrepte situa\u021bia pentru a-\u0219i minimiza propriile costuri. Scopul principal al SLA-ului este s\u0103 adoarm\u0103 vigilen\u021ba \u0219i s\u0103 conving\u0103 c\u0103, chiar \u0219i \u00een cazul unei situa\u021bii neprev\u0103zute, \u00abtotul va fi bine\u00bb. Al doilea scop al SLA-ului este s\u0103 l\u0103mureasc\u0103 punctele critice esen\u021biale \u0219i s\u0103 ofere furnizorului de servicii spa\u021biu pentru manevr\u0103, adic\u0103 posibilitatea de a atribui e\u0219ecul unei situa\u021bii pentru care furnizorul \u00abnu \u00ee\u0219i asum\u0103 responsabilitatea\u00bb. <\/p>\n<p>\u00cen plus, clien\u021bii mari, de fapt, nu le pas\u0103 de compensa\u021biile \u00een cadrul SLA. \u00abCompensarea \u00een cadrul SLA\u00bb este restituirea banilor \u00een cadrul tarifului propor\u021bional cu timpul de nefunc\u021bionare a echipamentului, care nu va acoperi nici m\u0103car 1% din pierderile financiare \u0219i reputa\u021bionale poten\u021biale. \u00cen acest caz, clientului \u00eei este mult mai important ca problemele s\u0103 fie rezolvate \u00een cel mai scurt timp, dec\u00e2t un simplu \u00abrecalcul al tarifelor\u00bb. <\/p>\n<h3>\u00abNumeroase centre de date din \u00eentreaga lume\u00bb \u2014 un motiv de \u00eengrijorare<\/h3>\n<p>\nSitua\u021bia cu num\u0103rul mare de centre de date ale furnizorului de servicii a fost scoas\u0103 \u00eentr-o categorie separat\u0103, pentru c\u0103, pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 problemele de comunicare evidente descrise mai sus, apar \u0219i probleme neobi\u0219nuite. De exemplu, furnizorul dumneavoastr\u0103 de servicii nu are acces la \u00abcentrele de date\u00bb ale sale. <\/p>\n<p>\u00cen articolul nostru anterior <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/dcmiran\/blog\/466759\/\">am scris despre tipurile de programe de parteneriate \u0219i am men\u021bionat modelul \u00abWhite Label\u00bb<\/a><\/noindex>, a c\u0103rei esen\u021b\u0103 const\u0103 \u00een rev\u00e2nzarea resurselor altora sub propria etichet\u0103. Majoritatea hosterilor moderni, care declar\u0103 c\u0103 au \u201ecentre de date proprii\u201d \u00een numeroase regiuni, sunt rev\u00e2nz\u0103tori \u00een modelul White Label. Adic\u0103, din punct de vedere fizic, nu au nicio leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu presupusul centru de date din Elve\u021bia, Germania sau Olanda. <\/p>\n<p>Aici apar coliziuni extrem de interesante. SLA-ul dvs. cu furnizorul de servicii func\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103 \u0219i este valabil, dar, cumva, nu poate influen\u021ba radical situa\u021bia \u00een cazul unei avarii. El \u00eensu\u0219i se afl\u0103 \u00eentr-o situa\u021bie dependent\u0103 de propriul furnizor \u2014 centrul de date de la care au fost cump\u0103rate rack-urile de resurse pentru rev\u00e2nzare. <\/p>\n<p>Astfel, dac\u0103 pentru dvs. conteaz\u0103 nu doar formul\u0103rile frumoase din contract \u0219i SLA despre fiabilitate \u0219i servicii, ci \u0219i capacitatea furnizorului de servicii de a rezolva rapid problemele \u2014 merit\u0103 s\u0103 lucra\u021bi direct cu proprietarul resurselor. De fapt, acest lucru presupune o interac\u021biune direct\u0103 cu centrul de date. <\/p>\n<p>De ce nu lu\u0103m \u00een considerare op\u021biunile \u00een care numeroase centre de date ar putea apar\u021bine, de fapt, unei singure companii? Ei bine, asemenea companii sunt foarte \u0219i foarte pu\u021bine. Una, dou\u0103, trei centre de date mici sau unul mare \u2014 este posibil. Dar o duzin\u0103 de centre de date, jum\u0103tate dintre ele \u00een RF, iar cealalt\u0103 jum\u0103tate pe teritoriul Europei \u2014 este practic imposibil. Asta \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 exist\u0103 mult mai multe companii rev\u00e2nz\u0103toare dec\u00e2t ne putem imagina. Iat\u0103 un exemplu simplu:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Este timpul s\u0103 \u00eenceta\u021bi s\u0103 crede\u021bi c\u0103 SLA-ul v\u0103 va salva. Este necesar pentru a lini\u0219ti \u0219i a crea un sentiment fals de siguran\u021b\u0103\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/0a7b73a3c5c49f1d0483e2a17f58a43e.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Evalua\u021bi num\u0103rul centrelor de date ale serviciului Google Cloud. \u00cen Europa, sunt doar \u0219ase. \u00cen Londra, Amsterdam, Bruxelles, Helsinki, Frankfurt \u0219i Zurich. Adic\u0103 \u00een toate punctele de pe principalele magistrale. Pentru c\u0103 un centru de date este costisitor, complicat \u0219i un proiect foarte mare. \u0218i acum, aminti\u021bi-v\u0103 de companiile de hosting din Moscova care sus\u021bin c\u0103 au \u201ezeci de centre de date \u00een \u00eentreaga Rusie \u0219i Europa\u201d.<\/i> <\/p>\n<p>Desigur, exist\u0103 furnizori buni, care au parteneri \u00een programul White Label, \u0219i care ofer\u0103 servicii de \u00eenalt\u0103 calitate. Ace\u0219tia permit \u00eenchirierea resurselor \u00een UE \u0219i RF simultan, prin aceea\u0219i fereastr\u0103 de browser, accept\u0103 pl\u0103\u021bi \u00een ruble, nu \u00een valut\u0103, \u0219i a\u0219a mai departe. Dar \u00een cazul apari\u021biei situa\u021biilor descrise \u00een SLA, devin exact at\u00e2\u021bia captivi ai situa\u021biei, c\u00e2t \u0219i dvs. <\/p>\n<p>Acesta ne reaminte\u0219te din nou c\u0103 SLA-ul este inutil dac\u0103 nu ave\u021bi o idee despre structura organiza\u021biei \u0219i capacit\u0103\u021bile furnizorului. <\/p>\n<h3>Ce iese \u00een urma acesteia<\/h3>\n<p>\nC\u0103derea serverelor este \u00eentotdeauna un eveniment nepl\u0103cut \u0219i se poate \u00eent\u00e2mpla cu oricine, oriunde. \u00centrebarea este c\u00e2t de mult control dori\u021bi s\u0103 ave\u021bi asupra situa\u021biei. \u00cen prezent, nu exist\u0103 prea mul\u021bi furnizori direc\u021bi de capacitate pe pia\u021b\u0103, iar \u00een cazul juc\u0103torilor mari, ace\u0219tia de\u021bin, \u00een mod condi\u021bionat, doar un singur DC undeva \u00een Moscova din zecile de astfel de centre de date disponibile \u00een \u00eentreaga Europ\u0103, la care pute\u021bi avea acces. <\/p>\n<p>Aici, fiecare client trebuie s\u0103 decid\u0103 singur: aleg confortul acum sau \u00eemi pierd timpul \u0219i efortul c\u0103ut\u00e2nd un centru de date \u00eentr-o loca\u021bie acceptabil\u0103 din Rusia sau Europa unde \u00eemi pot g\u0103zdui echipamentele sau cump\u0103ra capacitate. \u00cen primul caz, solu\u021biile standard disponibile pe pia\u021b\u0103 sunt suficiente. \u00cen al doilea caz, va trebui s\u0103 muncim des. <\/p>\n<p>\u00cen primul r\u00e2nd, trebuie s\u0103 determin\u0103m dac\u0103 furnizorul de servicii este proprietarul direct al capacit\u0103\u021bilor\/centre de date. Foarte mul\u021bi rev\u00e2nz\u0103tori pe modelul White Label fac tot posibilul pentru a-\u0219i masca statutul \u0219i, \u00een acest caz, trebuie s\u0103 ne uit\u0103m la anumite indicii indirecte. De exemplu, dac\u0103 'centrele lor de date europene' au denumiri sau logo-uri specifice care difer\u0103 de denumirea companiei furnizor. Sau dac\u0103 apare cuv\u00e2ntul 'parteneri' undeva. Parteneri = White Label \u00een 95% din cazuri. <\/p>\n<p>Apoi, este necesar s\u0103 ne familiariz\u0103m cu structura companiei, iar cel mai bine este s\u0103 vedem echipamentele \u00een persoan\u0103. Printre centrele de date, nu este nou\u0103 practica de a organiza excursii sau, cel pu\u021bin, de a avea articole de tip excursie pe propriul site sau \u00een blog (noi am scris astfel de articole, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/dcmiran\/blog\/336134\/\">unu<\/a><\/noindex> \u0219i <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/dcmiran\/blog\/336222\/\">doi<\/a><\/noindex>), unde acestea vorbesc despre centrul lor de date cu fotografii \u0219i descrieri detaliate. <\/p>\n<p>Cu multe centre de date, se poate negocia o vizit\u0103 personal\u0103 la birou \u0219i o mini-excursie la centrul de date. Acolo se poate evalua gradul de ordine, iar poate reu\u0219e\u0219ti s\u0103 vorbe\u0219ti cu cineva dintre ingineri. Este clar c\u0103 nimeni nu va organiza o excursie pentru tine la produc\u021bie dac\u0103 ai nevoie de un server pentru 300 RUB\/lun\u0103, dar dac\u0103 ai nevoie de capacit\u0103\u021bi serioase, departamentul de v\u00e2nz\u0103ri poate fi dispus s\u0103 te ajute. De exemplu, noi organiz\u0103m astfel de excursii. <\/p>\n<p>\u00cen orice caz, ar trebui s\u0103 v\u0103 ghida\u021bi dup\u0103 bunul sim\u021b \u0219i nevoile afacerii. De exemplu, \u00een cazul \u00een care ave\u021bi nevoie de o infrastructur\u0103 distribuit\u0103 (o parte din servere \u00een RF, cealalt\u0103 \u00een UE), va fi mai simplu \u0219i mai avantajos s\u0103 folosi\u021bi serviciile provider-ilor care au parteneriate cu centre de date europene pe modelul White Label. Dac\u0103, \u00eens\u0103, \u00eentreaga dvs. infrastructur\u0103 va fi concentrat\u0103 \u00eentr-un singur loc, adic\u0103 \u00eentr-un singur centru de date, atunci merit\u0103 s\u0103 acorda\u021bi pu\u021bin timp c\u0103ut\u0103rii unui furnizor. <\/p>\n<p>Pentru c\u0103 un SLA standard, cel mai probabil, nu v\u0103 va ajuta. \u00cen schimb, lucrul cu proprietarul resurselor, nu cu un reseller, va accelera semnificativ solu\u021bionarea problemelor posibile.<br \/>\n<br \/>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/dcmiran\/blog\/468825\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>SLA, \u043e\u043d\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u00abservice-level agreement\u00bb \u2014\u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435-\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0449\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0443\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0433 \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0432 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0435\u0432 \u043f\u043e \u0432\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0449\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0435. \u041f\u043e \u0441\u0443\u0442\u0438 SLA \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0430, \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0430-\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440 \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043d \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0441\u044f\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":28853,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-38441","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - 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