{"id":38564,"date":"2019-10-31T22:24:34","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:24:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novye-podhody-k-postroeniyu-skud-pri-ispolzovanii-web-tehnologij\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:24:34","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:24:34","slug":"novye-podhody-k-postroeniyu-skud-pri-ispolzovanii-web-tehnologij","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/novye-podhody-k-postroeniyu-skud-pri-ispolzovanii-web-tehnologij","title":{"rendered":"Noi abord\u0103ri pentru construirea sistemelor de control al accesului utiliz\u00e2nd tehnologii WEB","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Dezvoltarea tehnologiilor a avut un impact semnificativ asupra arhitecturii sistemelor de control al accesului. Urm\u0103rind parcursul s\u0103u de dezvoltare, putem prezice ce ne a\u0219teapt\u0103 \u00een viitorul apropiat. <\/i><\/p>\n

Trecutul<\/h4>\n

\nCu mult timp \u00een urm\u0103, re\u021belele de calculatoare erau o raritate. Sistemele de control al accesului de atunci erau construite astfel: un master - controler deservind un num\u0103r limitat de controlere, iar computerul ac\u021bion\u00e2nd ca un terminal pentru programarea \u0219i afi\u0219area informa\u021biilor. Logica opera\u021biunii era definit\u0103 de master-controler, care gestiona controlerele secundare. <\/p>\n

Controlerele secundare nu puteau schimba informa\u021bii direct \u00eentre ele, schimbul av\u00e2nd loc prin intermediul master-controlerului. Aceast\u0103 model impunea limit\u0103ri semnificative asupra dezvolt\u0103rii sistemelor de control al accesului.<\/p>\n

\"Noi
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nDezvoltarea echipamentului informatic \u0219i a echipamentelor de re\u021bea a influen\u021bat arhitectura sistemelor, rezult\u00e2nd \u00een apari\u021bia sistemelor de control al accesului multi-server. Modific\u0103rile au afectat software-ul, dar au ocolit controlerele, ceea ce impunea restric\u021bii asupra extinderii \u0219i dezvolt\u0103rii sistemului. <\/p>\n

\"Noi
\n<\/p>\n

Prezentul<\/h4>\n

\nDezvoltarea microelectronicii a permis produc\u0103torilor de echipamente s\u0103 schimbe radical arhitectura sistemelor de control al accesului. \u00cen locul modelului anterior a venit o arhitectur\u0103 \u00een care controlerele au putut schimba date direct \u00eentre ele. <\/p>\n

\u00cen acest model, software-ul putea fi instalat \u00een orice loc din re\u021beaua local\u0103, integrarea cu alte sisteme de securitate fiind u\u0219urat\u0103 prin utilizarea unei medii unice de schimb de informa\u021bii.<\/p>\n

\"Noi
\n
\nAcest model func\u021bioneaz\u0103 cu succes \u0219i ast\u0103zi, dar nivelul actual de dezvoltare tehnologic\u0103 permite construirea de sisteme cu o arhitectur\u0103 complet diferit\u0103. Exist\u0103 o gam\u0103 larg\u0103 de op\u021biuni fizice \u0219i logice pentru asigurarea comunic\u0103rii \u00eentre componentele sistemului \u0219i mijloacele de interac\u021biune \u00eentre utilizatori \u0219i sistem. Acestea includ aplica\u021bii console, controlere specializate cu interfa\u021b\u0103 grafic\u0103, diferite panouri de control, computere de tip tablet\u0103 \u0219i telefoane, precum \u0219i utilizarea browserelor WEB standard. Capacit\u0103\u021bile microcontrolerelor deja dep\u0103\u0219esc de multe ori resursele calculatoarelor folosite \u00een primele sisteme de control al accesului. <\/p>\n

Dezvoltarea ulterioar\u0103 a arhitecturii sistemelor de control al accesului<\/h4>\n

\nControlerul ca server<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

Un server \u00een sistemul de control al accesului (SKUD) este necesar pentru a executa corect logica de business a sistemului, pentru a stoca datele despre utilizatori \u0219i evenimente. Acum 20 de ani, acest lucru era realizat de un master-controller. De atunci, cerin\u021bele pentru sistemele de control al accesului au crescut semnificativ, dar \u0219i capacit\u0103\u021bile controlerelor moderne dep\u0103\u0219esc posibilit\u0103\u021bile calculatoarelor de acum 20 de ani. <\/p>\n

Serverul sistemului poate fi instalat chiar \u00een controler, dac\u0103 acesta dispune de resursele corespunz\u0103toare. Serverul sistemului, desf\u0103\u0219urat \u00een memoria controlerelor, are avantaje semnificative. Primul dintre ele este simplitatea de implementare a sistemului. <\/p>\n

\"Noi
\n
\nUnul dintre controlerele sistemului este desemnat ca server (sau master, ca odinioar\u0103), acesta prime\u0219te indica\u021bii cu privire la controlerele cu care va colabora. Totul este preg\u0103tit. Pentru a lucra cu obiecte externe, controlerul desemnat ca server prime\u0219te un IP \u201ealb\u201d, care este comunicat celorlalte controlere, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t acestea s\u0103 se conecteze de sine st\u0103t\u0103tor. Pentru integrarea cu 1C, trebuie doar s\u0103 transmitem programului adresa controlerului. Pentru integrarea cu un sistem de recunoa\u0219tere a numerelor, se specific\u0103, ca num\u0103r de acces, num\u0103rul ma\u0219inii \u0219i IP-ul camerei sau al sistemului capabil s\u0103 recunoasc\u0103 numerele de \u00eenmatriculare.<\/p>\n

SKUD ca serviciu<\/b><\/i><\/p>\n

Al doilea avantaj important este confortul utilizatorilor. Clientul nu mai trebuie s\u0103 se g\u00e2ndeasc\u0103 la ce computer s\u0103 desf\u0103\u0219oare sistemul, unde va fi amplasat \u0219i cine \u00eel va \u00eentre\u021bine. Acum, clientul prime\u0219te pur \u0219i simplu o adres\u0103 IP, un nume de utilizator \u0219i o parol\u0103 - \u0219i poate monitoriza disciplina angaja\u021bilor, poate seta drepturi de acces \u0219i poate emite permise de vizitator \u00eentr-un browser care \u00eei este convenabil. Este suficient s\u0103 achizi\u021bioneze un turnichet \u0219i un controler (sau o solu\u021bie gata f\u0103cut\u0103 - o poart\u0103 electronic\u0103) \u0219i identificatorii. \u0218i sistemul este gata.<\/p>\n

Aceast\u0103 abordare corespunde maxim tendin\u021bei moderne de a percepe SKUD ca pe un serviciu. Clientul nu se g\u00e2nde\u0219te la instalarea \u0219i \u00eentre\u021binerea sistemului, toate acestea fiind realizate de speciali\u0219ti de la distan\u021b\u0103. Aici apare inevitabil \u00eentrebarea despre viteza de reac\u021bie a controlerului \u0219i capacitatea acestuia de a lucra cu 10.000 de utilizatori \u0219i 200 de turnichete? Deocamdat\u0103, acest lucru nu pare posibil, dar baza de date poate fi plasat\u0103 \u00een cloud sau pe un server dedicat. server<\/a>. Cu timpul, capacit\u0103\u021bile controlerelor vor cre\u0219te, iar sistemul descris mai sus va putea fi implementat chiar \u0219i \u00een mari \u00eentreprinderi cu un num\u0103r mare de angaja\u021bi \u0219i dispozitive de execu\u021bie. <\/p>\n

Viitorul<\/h4>\n

\nStandardizarea ca trend<\/b><\/i><\/p>\n

Arhitectura SCUD va fi construit\u0103 pe baza controlerelor \u201einteligente\u201d, care vor interac\u021biona \u00eentre ele, av\u00e2nd printre ele mai mul\u021bi controleri master care \u00eendeplinesc rolul de server. De asemenea, ele se vor putea conecta la baza unui server unic (sau a mai multora servere<\/a>), asigur\u00e2nd logica necesar\u0103 interac\u021biunii.<\/p>\n

\"Noi
\n
\nEste esen\u021bial ca standardizarea protocoalelor s\u0103 fie sus\u021binut\u0103 de to\u021bi juc\u0103torii de pe pia\u021b\u0103 \u2013 nu doar la nivelul interac\u021biunii cu controlerul, ci \u0219i la nivelul interac\u021biunii sistemelor. <\/p>\n

Este posibil ca dezvoltarea unui standard unic s\u0103 fie realizat\u0103 \u00een viitorul \u00eendep\u0103rtat. Dar chiar dac\u0103 acest lucru nu se va \u00eent\u00e2mpla, standardizarea interac\u021biunii pe baza REST API \u0219i accesul la informa\u021bii prin intermediul browser-ului ar trebui s\u0103 fie implementate c\u00e2t mai cur\u00e2nd posibil.
\n
Sursa: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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