{"id":38608,"date":"2019-10-31T22:24:51","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:24:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/vremya-pervyh-istoriya-kak-my-vnedryali-scratch-kak-yazyk-programmirovaniya-robotov\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:24:51","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:24:51","slug":"vremya-pervyh-istoriya-kak-my-vnedryali-scratch-kak-yazyk-programmirovaniya-robotov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/vremya-pervyh-istoriya-kak-my-vnedryali-scratch-kak-yazyk-programmirovaniya-robotov","title":{"rendered":"Timpul primelor. Povestea despre cum am implementat Scratch ca limbaj de programare pentru robo\u021bi","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Privind diversitatea actual\u0103 a roboticii educa\u021bionale, te bucuri c\u0103 copiilor le sunt disponibile o mul\u021bime de kituri \u0219i produse gata f\u0103cute \u0219i c\u0103 standardul pentru a \u00eencepe \u00een programare a fost cobor\u00e2t destul de mult (chiar \u0219i pentru gr\u0103dini\u021be). Exist\u0103 o tendin\u021b\u0103 generalizat\u0103 de a \u00eencepe cu programarea modular\u0103, urmat\u0103 de trecerea la limbaje mai avansate. Totu\u0219i, aceast\u0103 situa\u021bie nu a fost \u00eentotdeauna a\u0219a.<\/p>\n

\"Timpul
\n
\n\u00centre 2009 \u0219i 2010, Rusia a \u00eenceput s\u0103 se familiarizeze pe scar\u0103 larg\u0103 cu Arduino \u0219i Scratch. Electronica disponibil\u0103 \u0219i programarea au \u00eenceput s\u0103 capteze min\u021bile at\u00e2t ale entuzia\u0219tilor, c\u00e2t \u0219i ale cadrelor didactice, iar ideea de a le conecta a fost deja bine cunoscut\u0103 (\u0219i par\u021bial implementat\u0103) \u00een spa\u021biul informa\u021bional global.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nDe fapt, Scratch \u00een versiunea 1.4, lansat\u0103 \u00een acea perioad\u0103, avea deja suport pentru echipamente externe. S-a realizat suport pentru Lego WeDo (Motor blocks) \u0219i circuitul PicoBoard.<\/a><\/noindex>. <\/p>\n

Dar ne doream Arduino \u0219i robo\u021bi bazate pe aceasta, de preferat care s\u0103 func\u021bioneze pe versiunea de baz\u0103. \u00cen aceea\u0219i perioad\u0103, unul dintre creatorii japonezi de Arduino a venit cu o idee despre cum s\u0103 combine platformele \u0219i a publicat schema (de\u0219i nu \u00eentreaga, a fost nevoie de unele \u201ecomplet\u0103ri\u201d) \u0219i programele pe care le-a f\u0103cut disponibile tuturor (dar, din p\u0103cate, nu \u0219i \u00een englez\u0103). Prelu\u00e2nd ca baz\u0103 acest proiect, \u00een 2010 s-a n\u0103scut ScratchDuino (la acea vreme lucram \u00eempreun\u0103 cu so\u021bia mea la compania LinuxCenter).<\/p>\n

Conceptul de \u201ecartu\u0219 interschimbabil\u201d (nu aduce a Micro:bit?), prinderi magnetice pentru componentele robotului \u0219i utilizarea posibilit\u0103\u021bilor \u00eencorporate ale Scratch pentru prelucrarea senzorilor \u0219i controlul motoarelor.<\/p>\n

\"Timpul
\n
\n\"Timpul
\n
\nRobotul a fost ini\u021bial g\u00e2ndit ca fiind compatibil cu Lego:<\/p>\n

\"Timpul
\n
\n\u00cen 2011, platforma a fost lansat\u0103 \u0219i (dup\u0103 ce eu \u0219i so\u021bia mea ne-am retras din proiect \u00een 2013) evolueaz\u0103 \u0219i se dezvolt\u0103 \u00een prezent sub numele de ROBBO.<\/p>\n

\"Timpul
\n
\nUnii ar putea obiecta c\u0103 au existat proiecte asem\u0103n\u0103toare. Da, aproximativ \u00een aceea\u0219i perioad\u0103 a \u00eenceput s\u0103 se dezvolte proiectul S4A, dar acestea erau orientate spre programarea \u00een stilul Arduino (cu ie\u0219irile sale digitale \u0219i analogice) dintr-o variant\u0103 modificat\u0103 a Scratch, \u00een timp ce dezvoltarea mea putea func\u021biona cu versiunea \u201evanilie\u201d (de\u0219i am modificat-o \u0219i pe aceasta pentru a afi\u0219a blocurile pentru senzori de la 1 la 4).<\/p>\n

Apoi a ap\u0103rut Scratch 2.0, iar \u00eempreun\u0103 cu acesta au \u00eenceput s\u0103 apar\u0103 pluginuri at\u00e2t pentru Arduino, c\u00e2t \u0219i pentru robo\u021bi populari, iar Scratch 3.0 din cutie suport\u0103 un num\u0103r mare de robo-platforme.<\/p>\n

Blockly.<\/b> Dac\u0103 ne uit\u0103m la robo\u021bii populari, de tip MBot (care, de altfel, la \u00eenceput a folosit o versiune modificat\u0103 de Scratch), ace\u0219tia sunt programa\u021bi \u00eentr-limbaj de tip bloc, dar nu este Scratch, ci un Blockly modificat de Google. Nu \u0219tiu dac\u0103 contribu\u021bia mea a influen\u021bat dezvoltarea acestuia, dar pot spune cu certitudine c\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd \u00een 2013 am prezentat dezvoltatorilor Blockly platforma Scratchduino \u00een Londra, robo\u021bii nu erau chiar un subiect \u00een discu\u021bie.<\/p>\n

\"Timpul
\n
\nAcum, modific\u0103rile Blockly stau la baza multor constructori de robo\u021bi \u0219i robo\u021bi educa\u021bionali \u0219i aceasta este deja o alt\u0103 poveste, deoarece \u00een ultima vreme au ap\u0103rut (\u0219i apoi au disp\u0103rut) o sumedenie de proiecte at\u00e2t \u00een Rusia, c\u00e2t \u0219i \u00een lume. Dar \u00een Federa\u021bia Rus\u0103, \u00een implementarea Scratch \u0219i \u00een \u201econfruntarea\u201d cu Lego, am fost primii \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n

Ce s-a \u00eent\u00e2mplat dup\u0103 2013? Eu \u0219i so\u021bia mea am fondat \u00een 2014 propriul nostru proiect PROSTOROBOT (cunoscut \u0219i ca SIMPLEROBOT) \u0219i ne-am dedicat dezvolt\u0103rii jocurilor de mas\u0103. Dar Scratch nu ne-a l\u0103sat \u00een pace.<\/p>\n

Avem realiz\u0103ri interesante \u00een modelarea robo\u021bilor \u00een Scratch \u0219i urma\u0219ul s\u0103u Snap!
\nFi\u0219ierul PDF cu descriere poate fi desc\u0103rcat \u0219i folosit liber la link<\/a><\/noindex>, iar proiectele gata f\u0103cute pot fi g\u0103site aici<\/a><\/noindex>. Totul func\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u0219i \u00een versiunea 3 a Scratch.<\/p>\n

De asemenea, ne-am \u00eentors la programarea robo\u021bilor \u00een Scratch \u00een noul nostru joc educativ de mas\u0103 \u201eB\u0103t\u0103lia Golemilor. Liga de C\u0103r\u021bi a Robo\u021bilor\u201d \u0219i am fi \u00eenc\u00e2nta\u021bi dac\u0103 ne-a\u021bi sus\u021bine publicarea pe Crowdrepublic.<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

\"Timpul
\n
\nC\u00e2nd e\u0219ti la r\u0103d\u0103cina a ceva \u0219i \u201esim\u021bi\u201d tendin\u021bele \u00eenainte de apari\u021bia lor masiv\u0103, e\u0219ti fericit c\u0103 ai fost primul \u0219i practic ai creat o pia\u021b\u0103, dar e\u0219ti trist c\u0103 laureatele victoriei nu \u00ee\u021bi apar\u021bin. Dar pot afirma cu m\u00e2ndrie c\u0103 combina\u021bia dintre Scratch \u0219i Arduino \u00een domeniul roboticii din Federa\u021bia Rus\u0103 a ap\u0103rut \u0219i datorit\u0103 eforturilor mele.
\n
Sursa: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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