{"id":38630,"date":"2019-10-31T22:24:57","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:24:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/asu-tp-karernogo-ekskavatora\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:24:57","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:24:57","slug":"asu-tp-karernogo-ekskavatora","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/asu-tp-karernogo-ekskavatora","title":{"rendered":"Sistemul de Control Automatizat al Excavatorului","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Sistemul de Control Automatizat al Excavatorului\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/2509cea10957cc517f6e833acea3be18.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h4>Introducere<\/h4>\n<p>\nUn excavator poate fi v\u0103zut pe orice \u0219antier din ora\u0219. Cu un excavator obi\u0219nuit se ocup\u0103 un singur operator. Pentru a-l controla, nu se necesit\u0103 un sistem complex de automatizare.<\/p>\n<p>Dar dac\u0103 excavatorul este de c\u00e2teva ori mai mare dec\u00e2t cel obi\u0219nuit \u0219i atinge \u00een\u0103l\u021bimea unui bloc cu cinci etaje, \u00een cupele sale se poate \u00eencadra un Toyota Land Cruiser, iar \u201edot\u0103rile\u201d constau \u00een motoare electrice, cabluri \u0219i ro\u021bi din\u021bate de dimensiunea unei ma\u0219ini? \u0218i func\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een cariere de c\u0103rbune \u0219i de minerit, 24 de ore din 24, 7 zile pe s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103, timp de 30-40 de ani la r\u00e2nd?<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nUn astfel de excavator este un sistem industrial, \u00eentre\u021binerea c\u0103ruia cost\u0103 foarte mult.<\/p>\n<p>Automatizarea proceselor tehnologice reduce costul exploat\u0103rii sistemului industrial. Sistemul automatizat de control al procesului tehnologic se nume\u0219te \u2013 APT. Excavatorul, similar celui descris, nu este o excep\u021bie. <\/p>\n<p>Deci, ce fel de excavator este acesta? Ce APT este folosit pe el? <\/p>\n<h4>Despre ce excavatoare este vorba?<\/h4>\n<p>\nEste vorba despre excavatoarele de carier\u0103. Pe astfel de ma\u0219ini se dezvolt\u0103 carierele de minerit \u0219i de c\u0103rbune.<\/p>\n<p><b>Dimensiuni:<\/b> Excavatoarele de carier\u0103 ating \u00een\u0103l\u021bimea unui bloc cu cinci etaje.<\/p>\n<p><b>Translatie:<\/b> excavatorul se deplaseaz\u0103 cu ajutorul unei ro\u021bi de \u0219enile. Roata este compus\u0103 din:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ramele de \u0219enile;<\/li>\n<li>\u0219enile;<\/li>\n<li>antrenorii de deplasare;<\/li>\n<li>circuitul de ungere al ro\u021bii de \u0219enile.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<b>S\u0103pare:<\/b> pentru s\u0103pare, excavatoarele de carier\u0103 utilizeaz\u0103 mecanismul \u201eCuplu Direct\u201d. Mecanismul este alc\u0103tuit din cup\u0103, bra\u021b \u0219i brat. Cupa este fixat\u0103 pe bra\u021b. Bra\u021bul este destinat s\u0103 ofere cupei o mi\u0219care de translatare. Acesta se afl\u0103 transversal fa\u021b\u0103 de brat. Pe brat este montat un mecanism de presiune, care realizeaz\u0103 mi\u0219carea de presiune \u0219i \u00eentoarcere a bra\u021bului cu cupa. Un sistem complex de cabluri pune \u00een mi\u0219care acest mecanism.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Sistemul de Control Automatizat al Excavatorului\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/70fe3c2ab1b09570af9602a7e6c547f3.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>Structur\u0103 (compozi\u021bie): <\/b>excavatorul este compus din trei grupuri mari:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>echipamente de lucru;<\/li>\n<li>platform\u0103 rotativ\u0103 cu mecanisme;<\/li>\n<li>roat\u0103 de \u0219enile.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nEchipamentele de lucru au fost descrise mai sus \u2013 aceasta este de fapt mecanismul \u201eCuplu Direct\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Excavatoarele de carier\u0103 execut\u0103 numeroase opera\u021bii: s\u0103pare, rotire a carcasei ma\u0219inii, deplasare etc. Pentru fiecare opera\u021bie este destinat un motor separat. Pentru toate aceste opera\u021bii este necesar un num\u0103r imens de sisteme. Toate sistemele \u0219i mecanismele, a\u0219a cum se cuvine, se afl\u0103 \u00een \u201esala ma\u0219inilor\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>\u201eSala ma\u0219inilor\u201d a excavatorului este platforma pivotant\u0103. Aici se afl\u0103 mecanismul de ridicare a cupei, mecanismul de rota\u021bie, echipamentele electrice ale excavatorului cu sistemul de control \u0219i monitorizare, mecanisme auxiliare, sistem pneumatic, sistem de lubrifiere automat\u0103 centralizat\u0103.<\/p>\n<p><b>Condi\u021bii de func\u021bionare \u0219i durat\u0103 de via\u021b\u0103:<\/b> excavatoarele de carier\u0103 func\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een regim 24\/7, iar durata de via\u021b\u0103 este realmente de 30-40 de ani.<\/p>\n<p><b>Alimentare \/ combustibil:<\/b> excavatoarele de carier\u0103 func\u021bioneaz\u0103 pe electricitate. Fiecare zon\u0103 de extrac\u021bie prime\u0219te energie electric\u0103 de la o sta\u021bie de transformare cu tensiunea de 35\/6 kV.<\/p>\n<p><b>Ce automatizare au excavatoarele la bord<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Excavatorul de carier\u0103 este un sistem industrial. Sarcinile de operare ale excavatorului sunt similare cu sarcinile de operare ale unei unit\u0103\u021bi industriale:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>controlul parametrilor sistemului de deplasare;<\/li>\n<li>monitorizarea uzurii echipamentului;<\/li>\n<li>protec\u021bia echipamentului \u00eempotriva amenin\u021b\u0103rilor externe \u0219i interne: suprasarcini, scurtcircuite etc.;<\/li>\n<li>monitorizarea consumului de energie;<\/li>\n<li>controlul pozi\u021biei excavatorului;<\/li>\n<li>inspec\u021bia echipamentului \u00een timpul func\u021bion\u0103rii;<\/li>\n<li>controlul \u201ezonelor oarbe\u201d;<\/li>\n<li>monitorizarea indicatorilor de func\u021bionare ai excavatorului;<\/li>\n<li>\u00eentre\u021binerea unui jurnal de evenimente;<\/li>\n<li>transmiterea datelor pentru contabilizarea centralizat\u0103.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nToate aceste sarcini sunt realizate de un singur operator. Acest lucru este posibil datorit\u0103 automatiz\u0103rii.<\/p>\n<p>Sistemul de automatizare a proceselor tehnologice \u201ela bord\u201d al excavatorului include urm\u0103toarele sisteme:<\/p>\n<p><b>Pentru monitorizarea parametrilor de deplasare<\/b> se instaleaz\u0103 controlere. Operatorul supravegheaz\u0103 urm\u0103torii parametri: func\u021bionarea sistemelor de control al ac\u021bion\u0103rilor, temperatura de \u00eenc\u0103lzire a unit\u0103\u021bilor sistemului, presiunea \u00een sistemul pneumatic, densitatea lubrifiantului.<\/p>\n<p><b>Pentru contabilizarea energiei electrice active \u0219i reactive consumate \u0219i furnizate<\/b> se instaleaz\u0103 un contor de electricitate.<\/p>\n<p><b>Zonele oarbe, func\u021bionarea echipamentului mecanic \u0219i frontul de lucru <\/b>sunt afi\u0219ate pe ecranul operatorului. Pentru aceasta se instaleaz\u0103 camere video.<\/p>\n<p>Pentru calcularea \u0219i contabilizarea <b>indicatorilor de func\u021bionare ai excavatorului<\/b> se utilizeaz\u0103 datele din controlere. Indicatorii sunt calcula\u021bi pe un interval de timp determinat: pe schimb, pe lun\u0103, pe echipe.<\/p>\n<p><b>Toate evenimentele <\/b>sunt salvate \u00een jurnalul de evenimente \u0219i p\u0103strate pentru intervalul de timp necesar.<\/p>\n<h4>Cum este organizat\u0103 transferul de date?<\/h4>\n<p>\nDup\u0103 cum s-a men\u021bionat anterior, excavatorul const\u0103 dintr-un tren de rulare \u0219i o platform\u0103 pivotant\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Platforma rotativ\u0103 poate s\u0103 se roteasc\u0103 liber cu 360 de grade \u00een raport cu caruciorul de trac\u021biune. Utilizarea cablurilor pentru transferul de date \u00eentre aceste dou\u0103 p\u0103r\u021bi prezint\u0103 multe dificult\u0103\u021bi. Acestea se uzate foarte repede.<\/p>\n<p>Datele \u00eentre p\u0103r\u021bile excavatorului sunt transmise prin Wi-Fi. Modulele func\u021bionale Wi-Fi WLAN 5100 sunt instalate \u00een baz\u0103 \u0219i pe platforma rotativ\u0103 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.phoenixcontactpro.ru\">Phoenix Contact<\/a><\/noindex> \u00eempreun\u0103 cu cabluri speciale <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.phoenixcontact.com\/online\/portal\/ru\/pxc\/product_detail_page\/!ut\/p\/z1\/3Vdbb9owFP41PBo7VyeT9sCta1lBvYS2yUtkO07nlVxqArT8-tnAJFq1QRqLtCWy5Ng65zvnO_EXHcMIPsAoJyvxSCpR5GSu1mHkxp75fXD-zTYm3ujSRNeTSRD0x7Y_6mN4B8MBDJ_CdTLswfta64kLo3qwnT_65OmhY_6h8sefGcwCB96vBF_DWV7ITJG7hRGMSiYSGCJGEo6JC1yfYWBjNwUesRxAkeWknuNRm7vwHB2LgE-MUA9v2c3CN5v92GkUvn9qccZ1p2s2xFoL4ufzc9SDESvyir9U8EEu5bKD1px2ECtkWUhS8Q4qJV8s9lNMJPshVvzdUp31qPY4a7VsDWrkcCuX8c0svnoY3MzqyzPCzq4gc0Elka8w1JnrjYpQGBr6TXLGVWZSIenKySJZsmrIKyLmi4uKZxeqkiZGpomtrYF4t07SrEj43rtYCP0LeYOl1oGu2m6PsScYXgHkAcMASI89ypzkj0vyqJGOcMLt4zS1W8jJbSGnFupp2kI9nbVQT2ct1NNZC_V018az18J_xJ3RQk7W_8hJbSylgGH5wkDBgFBZJNuEvqjoX38HV526oFl3zbIu6irT7j5evLONSw12pFvPiMh1S751VL36XCyqraN67ynzPCeqV8-TmBE654v4TeId5Luu7WITAeabFNjI84HvmAZwiJMY3LNTw6VHvlDgfn5hMSzfxcROAPGpA2zPTAH1aAKYyYiKnWLfZsfgnWbhcaPwVrPw42aLU3cX_Rvwp2Zfe9UdDc1TxEM-EE_5B-Ips_xVgHC8Wq-DNBtQ72C6B0_pMOB0czA8ZGXewYinU2d1ODb_vsNGU1OUN_3pB9Nl7xeFXl-Y\/?uri=pxc-oc-itemdetail:pid=2867665&amp;library=ruru&amp;tab=1\">RAD-CAB-EF393-10M<\/a><\/noindex> \u0219i antene omnidirec\u021bionale <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.phoenixcontact.com\/online\/portal\/ru\/pxc\/product_detail_page\/!ut\/p\/z1\/3Vddb9owFP01PBo7X7YzaQ9Q6FpW0NaGtslLZDtO55Uk1ARo-fVzgEm0aoM0FmlLZMmxde-599z4RNcwgvcwytlKPbBSFTmbmXUY4ZjaX88uvrjWmA6vbPR9PA6C_sj1h30Cb2E4gOFjuE4GPXhXaz3GMKoH2_mjD54eOuYfGn_ykcE08ODdSsk1nOaFzgy5GxjBaC5UAkMkWCIJwwD7ggCX4BRQ5niAI8dLqUe5KzG8QMcikBMj1MM7brPwzWY_8hqF759anFHd6ZoOSKUF9fPpKerBSBR5KZ9LeK-XetlBa8k7SBR6XmhWyg6aa7lY7KeYafFDreSbpTnrUe1xrtSyNaiRw41extfT-Nv92fW0vjxD4u0KMlNcM_0CwyrzaqNkHIZW9aalkCYzbZCqyukiWYpyIEumZovLUmaXppI2xQRjb2ug3qyTNCsSufcuFqr6hbzCMuugqtpuT4hHGH4DiALLAqgae5QZyx-W7KFCOsKJtI_TxG0hJ9xCTi3U06SFejpvoZ7OW6in8xbq6baNZ6-F_4hbq4WcnP-Rk9lYagXD-bMAhQDKZJFsE_pkon_-Hdx06opn3bXIuqhrTLv7ePHONp5XYEe69YypvGrJt46mV5-pRbl1NO89Y57nzPTqeRILxmdyEb9KvIN8jF1MbASEb3PgIuoD37Mt4DEvsSR1UwvzI18owB9fWCzHx4S5CWA-94BL7RRwyhMgbMFM7JT4rjgG7zULTxqFd5qFHzVbnLq76N-APzX72qvucGCfIh72jnjmfyCeeZa_KBCOVut1kGZnnB5Md-AxHQSSbw4GRU5GD0Y8mXirw7H59x02FTVDedOfvDNd9X4BE7zJwg!!\/?uri=pxc-oc-itemdetail:pid=2702898&amp;library=ruru&amp;tab=1\">RAD-ISM-2459-ANT-FOOD-6-0-N<\/a><\/noindex>. \u00cen total, 3 antene sunt instalate pe excavator pentru o conexiune stabil\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>De asemenea, pe excavator este instalat <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.phoenixcontact.com\/online\/portal\/ru\/pxc\/offcontext\/login\/!ut\/p\/z1\/tVRNj4IwEP0tHjySKQVpOaLL-rGyH0oVejEg1LBRwEZk11-_wHrbKJsYemln8t6bN9O0wMEDngbnZBeckiwN9lXsc2MztuaGqlNMEbVsNMXqVH0m88nKIbBuABS_jCZjXXWoPcfow3FcdzjTTdseAH-E7xj_46Mby0JtfL_ikxsAE70NYAkcuCjSbT0R8PfZLknr1DkHXxb1KZYyk5XQug5ahnEXUHfbAO60s5TFZsE2795owa7mb8itDAzrcxKXwNJMHqrLbFrJt0kEfhjhgASRoQQaNRXdFEShUagpiGARG5pJqAhggtoqqA9WuC_v4E7lbdStfMfutU7lWbfu2aPuZ20Pu_q5ks_jkVvAt1l6ir9O4MlCFn1UxmEfZUJc0330-6bzA2PexY3Di8ht8TR8VcajkJauOPzZvkur1_sBB9Nnnw!!\/?uri=pxc-oc-itemdetail:pid=2702528&amp;library=ruru&amp;tab=1%20(https:\/\/www.phoenixcontact.com\/online\/portal\/ru\/pxc\/offcontext\/login\/%21ut\/p\/z1\/tVRNj4IwEP0tHjySKQVpOaLL-rGyH0oVejEg1LBRwEZk11-_wHrbKJsYemln8t6bN9O0wMEDngbnZBeckiwN9lXsc2MztuaGqlNMEbVsNMXqVH0m88nKIbBuABS_jCZjXXWoPcfow3FcdzjTTdseAH-E7xj_46Mby0JtfL_ikxsAE70NYAkcuCjSbT0R8PfZLknr1DkHXxb1KZYyk5XQug5ahnEXUHfbAO60s5TFZsE2795owa7mb8itDAzrcxKXwNJMHqrLbFrJt0kEfhjhgASRoQQaNRXdFEShUagpiGARG5pJqAhggtoqqA9WuC_v4E7lbdStfMfutU7lWbfu2aPuZ20Pu_q5ks_jkVvAt1l6ir9O4MlCFn1UxmEfZUJc0330-6bzA2PexY3Di8ht8TR8VcajkJauOPzZvkur1_sBB9Nnnw%21%21\/?uri=pxc-oc-itemdetail:pid=2702528&amp;library=ruru&amp;tab=1)\">router 4G TC ROUTER 3002T-4G<\/a><\/noindex> cu o anten\u0103 cu raz\u0103 larg\u0103 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.phoenixcontact.com\/online\/portal\/ru\/pxc\/product_detail_page\/!ut\/p\/z1\/3Vdbb9owFP41PBqb3OxM2gO3rmUFdW2gTV4ix3GoV3KpCaTw6-cA01hVgiYWaUtkyRed853znfizbOjBJ-gldC3mNBdpQhdq7nqWT7Sv_esvRmdMhrca-jYeO05vZNjDHoYz6Pag--IW4aALHyutxxb0qsH2_ujE10Xn_F3lj08ZTB0TPq4FL-A0SWWsyD1AD3oZEyF0EaMhx9QCls0wMLAVAUJ1EwRINyNiksDgFrxG5yLgCyNUw-tGvfD1Zj8ya4XvXVqcUdXumg5wqQXx_fXV60KPpUnO33L4JFdy1UIFD1qIpTJLJc15C2WSL5eHzqeSPYs1fzdVe92r3M6lWnYGFXJ4kCv_furfPfXvp9XlGWJzX5CFCCSVG-iWmZcLOQ2g2ylHkjOuMpMKqaycTMMVywc8p2KxvMl5fKMqqRGEDHtnnol38zCK05AfvNOlKI-Q37DU3Cmrtl9j7AW6d0AzAFJNO0AsaDJf0XkJc4YQbhihidE0QlbTCDVNQ5OmaeiqaRq6apqGrpqmoVnjtlzTDoVZp2mE9P-OkFpYSQHd7I2BlAGhUgh32XxSoT__jKyu4CKI2wWL26itTNuHYP7e1s9KsDPX8JiKpLxr7xzVJXwhlvnOUY0dSZPlvjB-ztlzki7S-cb_lXgLUT3UQhxxYKMgAgbrIBDY3ASMaRRZkWaHATvzexzr9EuEY8QIpRTYJuoAg4cWILaFAeckNKOAGJiTc_BmvfC4Vni9XvhRvcWpemT-DfhLs698ww4H2iXiyT8WT_an4sniZCOAO1oXhRPF_YAcdY_gJRo4PNgeNYL0mBw1fzIx18dt--87bEtqivK2N_mgu-3-AG78pno!\/?uri=pxc-oc-itemdetail:pid=2702273&amp;library=ruru&amp;tab=1\">TC ANT MOBILE WALL 5M<\/a><\/noindex> \u0219i un dispozitiv de protec\u021bie \u00eempotriva supratensiunilor <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.phoenixcontact.com\/online\/portal\/ru\/pxc\/content_pages_corporate_press_archive\/!ut\/p\/z1\/tVPLToNAFP0WFywndyyv6ZJiY4OSaAsCsyEDHeyoPDrloX8vVhfGpBBDmM3NTc4rN3OAQgi0YK14ZrUoC_bW7xE1YrK4sze32rVL1vcL_Oi6nrdytKV_Y8ITUKBVKvYQ4ZTtuckMZCxTE2mmkSHCVB0lWNUzopNE48YXOi3qqj5AJBvZKLjjiYLTUlalZDVXcCX56fQzYibTg2j5nxWCoVRrt3cZDv3Nxxeehcf4Uc83LwI8HYJW8A78opR5f8TdP2-0wWMO5kSHYXlVm1d-3vSOPqv8aupxnLHf1XdOvByP1OqrUhY1f68hnNIVOmR4bssZMFCHnWzirR8_hPbWhyrPifohUOS0XedluZ2QXyNAr5l19QlEVRXX\/?uri=pxc-oc-itemdetail:pid=2800491&amp;library=ruru&amp;tab=1\">CSMA-LAMBDA\/4-2.0-BS-SET<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Sistemul de Control Automatizat al Excavatorului\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/adce0cf1b2e68458e171db99ee62487f.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n <br \/>\nSchema structural\u0103 a sistemului informa\u021bional al excavatorului din carier\u0103<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Sistemul de Control Automatizat al Excavatorului\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/2287f8ef6c8ef8d3ee3ff3b3bf293c88.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n <br \/>\nInstalarea antenelor pe excavatorul EK20<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Sistemul de Control Automatizat al Excavatorului\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/db04a50c904ca1dc41e18fe2e0ae32c2.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n <\/p>\n<h4>Cum arat\u0103 cabina operatorului?<\/h4>\n<p>\nRezultatul final al automatiz\u0103rii pentru operator arat\u0103 astfel:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Sistemul de Control Automatizat al Excavatorului\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/984428498b7257f72c762504eaa1b91e.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Sistemul de Control Automatizat al Excavatorului\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/b3ede5ef0084e3dde193041e74008079.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/phoenix_contact\/blog\/469525\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u042d\u043a\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0435 \u0432 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435. \u0421 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u041d\u043e \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u044b \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u0442\u044b \u043f\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044d\u0442\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430, \u0432 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0432\u0448 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u041b\u044d\u043d\u0434 \u041a\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440, \u0430 \u00ab\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u043a\u0430\u00bb \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u0438\u0437 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439, \u0442\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0439, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0441 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c? \u0418 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":28978,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-38630","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta 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