{"id":38932,"date":"2019-10-31T22:26:50","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:26:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/mechtayut-li-nejroseti-o-dzhokonde\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:26:50","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:26:50","slug":"mechtayut-li-nejroseti-o-dzhokonde","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/mechtayut-li-nejroseti-o-dzhokonde","title":{"rendered":"Vis\u0103m dac\u0103 re\u021belele neurale viseaz\u0103 la Mona Lisa?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

A\u0219 dori, f\u0103r\u0103 a intra \u00een detalii tehnice, s\u0103 ating pu\u021bin problema dac\u0103 re\u021belele neuronale pot realiza ceva semnificativ \u00een art\u0103, literatur\u0103, \u0219i dac\u0103 aceasta reprezint\u0103 cu adev\u0103rat crea\u021bie. Informa\u021biile tehnice sunt u\u0219or de g\u0103sit, exist\u0103 aplica\u021bii cunoscute, de exemplu. Aici este doar o \u00eencercare de a \u00een\u021belege \u00eens\u0103\u0219i esen\u021ba fenomenului, tot ce este scris aici nu este deloc o noutate, dar voi \u00eencerca doar s\u0103 formalizez c\u00e2teva g\u00e2nduri. Voi folosi termenul re\u021bele neuronale \u00eentr-un sens general, ca sinonim pentru IA, indisolubil legat de \u00eenv\u0103\u021barea automat\u0103 \u0219i algoritmii de selec\u021bie.<\/p>\n

Din punctul meu de vedere, problema crea\u021biei re\u021belelor neuronale ar trebui luat\u0103 \u00een considerare nu doar \u00een contextul informaticii \u0219i studiului artelor, ci \u0219i al filosofiei \u0219i psihologiei. Mai \u00eent\u00e2i trebuie s\u0103 definim ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 crea\u021bie, cum se creeaz\u0103 ceva absolut nou; \u0219i, \u00een principiu, totul se reduce la problema cunoa\u0219terii, \u00een acea parte \u2014 cum apare o nou\u0103 cunoa\u0219tere, o descoperire, un simbol sau o imagine. \u00cen art\u0103, la fel ca \u00een \u0219tiin\u021ba pur\u0103, adev\u0103rata valoare const\u0103 \u00een noutate. <\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Arta \u0219i literatura, (probabil \u0219i muzica) sugereaz\u0103, poate nu complet acum egalitatea, dar metodele de cunoa\u0219tere la fel ca \u00een \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103. Toate acestea se influen\u021beaz\u0103 constant reciproc \u0219i sunt str\u00e2ns legate. \u00cen anumite epoci, cunoa\u0219terea lumii a avut loc tocmai prin intermediul artei sau literaturii, iar anterior \u2014 chiar \u00een cadrul tradi\u021biei religioase. Astfel, \u00een Rusia secolului 19, literatura puternic\u0103 a \u00eenlocuit de fapt antropologia filosofic\u0103 \u0219i filosofia social\u0103, \u00een mod indirect, prin intermediul artei, reflect\u00e2nd asupra problemelor societ\u0103\u021bii \u0219i ale omului. Iar ca un orientare structurat\u0103, pun\u00e2nd pe agend\u0103 o problematic\u0103 destul de actual\u0103 legat\u0103 de existen\u021ba uman\u0103, dezvoltat\u0103 apoi de curentele filosofice cunoscute, este \u00eenc\u0103 foarte apreciat\u0103. Sau \u00een \u00eenceputul secolului 20, curentele artistice moderniste \u0219i avangardiste, care nu pot fi privite \u00een afara con\u021binutului lor ideologic \u0219i care preziceau ruptura tradi\u021biei, apari\u021bia unei lumi noi \u0219i a unei noi umanit\u0103\u021bi. C\u0103ci nu putem admite c\u0103 valoarea fundamental\u0103 a artei este doar estetic\u0103. \u00cen acest caz, probabil c\u0103 am tr\u0103i \u0219i acum doar \u00eenconjura\u021bi de o anumit\u0103 sistem estetic \u00eenchis \u00een completitudinea sa din trecut. To\u021bi marii creatori, geniile din art\u0103 \u0219i literatur\u0103 \u0219i-au c\u00e2\u0219tigat acest \"titlu\" nu at\u00e2t din cauza valorii estetice a operelor lor, c\u00e2t din cauza descoperirii de noi direc\u021bii, f\u0103c\u00e2nd ceea ce \u00eenaintea lor nimeni nu f\u0103cuse \u0219i nici m\u0103car nu anticipase c\u0103 ar putea fi f\u0103cut.<\/p>\n

Se va considera o nou\u0103 oper\u0103 rezultat\u0103 dintr-o combina\u021bie f\u0103r\u0103 precedent, o amestecare a unor p\u0103r\u021bi deja cunoscute \u2014 \u00een acest sens, re\u021belele se descurc\u0103 foarte bine \u2013 baz\u00e2ndu-se pe un num\u0103r limitat de date presetate, de exemplu, \u00een stilizarea imaginilor sau generarea de noi crea\u021bii. Sau va fi oare o descoperire total\u0103, o calitate necunoscut\u0103 anterior, care deschide noi perspective, f\u0103r\u0103 a fi comparabil\u0103 cu nimic din ce am observat anterior \u2014 de\u0219i, desigur, orice descoperire incredibil\u0103, f\u0103r\u0103 precedent, nu este altceva dec\u00e2t rezultatul unei munci bine preg\u0103tite, care se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 subtil, r\u0103m\u00e2n\u00e2nd par\u021bial neobservat\u0103, nici m\u0103car de creatorul s\u0103u \u2013 a\u0219a cum, din c\u00e2te v\u0103d, doar omul poate ac\u021biona \u00een acest mod.<\/p>\n

\u00cen termeni simpli, primul tip de cunoa\u0219tere \u0219i creativitate poate fi comparat cu o dezvoltare foarte lent\u0103 \u0219i treptat\u0103, rezultat\u0103 din evolu\u021bie, iar al doilea \u2013 cu o dezvoltare brusc\u0103 ca urmare a muta\u021biilor pozitive. Re\u021belele neuronale, \u00een activitatea lor \u201ecreativ\u0103\u201d, tinde s\u0103 se \u00eencadreze, \u00een opinia mea, \u00een primul tip. Sau, mai degrab\u0103 \u2014 \u00een situa\u021bia descris\u0103 ca o absen\u021b\u0103 a unei dezvolt\u0103ri calitativ noi \u00een perspectivele imediate, \u00eentr-o sistem care, se pretinde, a atins un anumit prag de complexitate, un \u201esf\u00e2r\u0219it al istoriei\u201d, c\u00e2nd noi sensuri sunt generate din schimb\u0103ri de combina\u021bii \u2014 sau inser\u021bii \u00een contexte neobi\u0219nuite \u2014 ale unor modele deja existente. Ca \u00een cazul unui caleidoscop, unde se creeaz\u0103 noi modele neobi\u0219nuite, de fiecare dat\u0103 din acela\u0219i set de sticle colorate. Dar, cred c\u0103 nu este \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103tor, a\u0219a cum s-a men\u021bionat, structura re\u021belelor repet\u0103 \u00een linii mari structura sistemului nervos: neuroni-noduri, axoni-leg\u0103turi. Poate c\u0103 aceasta este ca un \u00eenceput al primelor celule, numai c\u0103 acum, procesul evolu\u021biei va fi accelerat de m\u00e2inile omului, adic\u0103 el va deveni instrumentul acesteia, dep\u0103\u0219ind, astfel, lentitudinea naturii. Inclusiv pe propriul s\u0103u exemplu, dac\u0103 ne baz\u0103m pe ideile transumanismului. <\/p>\n

\u00centreb\u00e2ndu-m\u0103 dac\u0103 \u00eemi va fi interesant s\u0103 privesc picturi create cu ajutorul unei re\u021bele \u00een acest stadiu, pot s\u0103 r\u0103spund c\u0103, probabil, trebuie s\u0103 facem distinc\u021bia \u00eentre un aspect aplicat, cum ar fi designul, \u0219i arta pur\u0103. Ceea ce este bine pentru design \u0219i elibereaz\u0103 omul de procesele secundare, repetitive de dezvoltare a tapetelor, printurilor \u0219i draperiilor nu se potrive\u0219te pentru art\u0103, care, \u00een general, nu este mereu pe v\u00e2rful actualit\u0103\u021bii, dar ar trebui s\u0103 exprime personalitatea \u00een c\u0103utarea sa. Artistul, \u00een sens larg, tr\u0103ind experien\u021ba sa \u0219i \u201e\u00eenghi\u021bind\u201d duhul epocii, con\u0219tient sau nu, le transform\u0103 \u00een imagine artistic\u0103. Astfel, din operele sale se pot citi anumite idei, mesaje, ele pot influen\u021ba puternic sentimentele. Re\u021beaua neuronal\u0103 de asemenea prime\u0219te un set de date la intrare \u0219i le transform\u0103, dar, deocamdat\u0103, este o procesare prea plat\u0103, unidimensional\u0103 \u0219i \u201evaloarea ad\u0103ugat\u0103\u201d a informa\u021biilor ob\u021binute la ie\u0219ire nu este mare, iar rezultatul este capabil doar s\u0103 distreze temporar. Aceea\u0219i situa\u021bie se aplic\u0103 \u0219i experimen\u021bilor cu re\u021bele neuronale \u00een jurnalism, care au succes mai mult acolo unde este nevoie de redactarea de \u0219tiri financiare seci, nu de creare de lucr\u0103ri programatice cu un punct de vedere autoral. \u00cen experimentele cu muzica, mai ales electronic\u0103, lucrurile pot sta pu\u021bin mai bine. De fapt, am observat c\u0103 arta contemporan\u0103, literatura contemporan\u0103 \u0219i pictura, de aproximativ un secol, par a produce astfel de forme abstracte \u0219i minimaliste, \u00eenc\u00e2t par f\u0103cute pentru a fi u\u0219or de procesat de re\u021bele neuronale \u0219i a fi prezentate ca art\u0103 uman\u0103. Poate c\u0103 este o presim\u021bire a sf\u00e2r\u0219itului unei \u00eentregi epoci?<\/p>\n

Se spune c\u0103 inteligen\u021ba nu este egal\u0103 cu \u00eentreaga personalitate. De\u0219i, \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te personalitatea, \u00eentrebarea este, desigur, filosofic\u0103 - pentru c\u0103, \u00een re\u021belele GAN, de exemplu, generatorul creeaz\u0103 date noi din nimic, par\u021bial \u00eendrumat de verdictul discriminatorului sub influen\u021ba greut\u0103\u021bii deciziilor. Poate fi formulat\u0103 \u00eentrebarea astfel: nu este creatorul, \u00een activitatea sa cognitiv\u0103, a\u0219a-zis generator \u0219i discriminator \u00eentr-o singur\u0103 persoan\u0103, oarecum pre-antrenat de acel fundal informa\u021bional, care \u201eplute\u0219te \u00een aer\u201d \u00een epoc\u0103 \u0219i c\u0103ruia \u00eei acord\u0103 implicit voturi greut\u0103\u021bile interioare? Iar din acele pietri\u0219uri deja recunoscute, astfel, (pixeli) ale existen\u021bei, el \u00ee\u0219i construie\u0219te o lume nou\u0103, o nou\u0103 oper\u0103? \u00cen acest caz, nu suntem noi oare o analogie extrem de complex\u0103 a re\u021belei, cu date imense, dar totu\u0219i limitate la intrare. Poate c\u0103 personalitatea este un astfel de algoritm avansat de selec\u021bie, av\u00e2nd o func\u021bionalitate implicit necesar\u0103 care influen\u021beaz\u0103 indirect pre-antrenamentul de calitate?<\/p>\n

Oricum, voi merge la prima expozi\u021bie de opere de art\u0103 create de a\u0219a-zisul AI, atunci c\u00e2nd acesta va dob\u00e2ndi personalitate cu toate atributele sale, con\u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i autocuno\u0219tin\u021b\u0103. Poate chiar va veni vremea c\u00e2nd, similar personajului din seria 14 a desenului animat \u201eIubire, moarte \u0219i robo\u021bi\u201d, AI \u00een c\u0103utarea sensului va realiza c\u0103 arta trebuie s\u0103 fie inseparabil legat\u0103 de via\u021b\u0103 \u0219i atunci va veni momentul abandon\u0103rii complexit\u0103\u021bii \u00eenfrico\u0219\u0103toare \u0219i f\u0103r\u0103 fund, care, la urma urmei, este o metafor\u0103 a mor\u021bii. P\u00e2n\u0103 atunci, adesea putem observa \u00een filme c\u0103 AI dob\u00e2nde\u0219te autocuno\u0219tin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i, \u00een mod natural, scap\u0103 de sub control datorit\u0103 unei defec\u021biuni de programare, pe care scenari\u0219tii o concep probabil ca un tip de \u00eent\u00e2mplare care declan\u0219eaz\u0103 noi transform\u0103ri pozitive (iar pentru unii poate nu chiar), a\u0219a cum s-a \u00eent\u00e2mplat cu muta\u021biile pozitive pentru calea evolutiv\u0103 natural\u0103.
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Sursa: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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