{"id":38968,"date":"2019-10-31T22:27:06","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:27:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/mozhno-li-zarabotat-bolshe-rabotaya-inzhenerom-v-drugoj-strane\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:27:06","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:27:06","slug":"mozhno-li-zarabotat-bolshe-rabotaya-inzhenerom-v-drugoj-strane","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/mozhno-li-zarabotat-bolshe-rabotaya-inzhenerom-v-drugoj-strane","title":{"rendered":"Po\u021bi c\u00e2\u0219tiga mai mult muncind ca inginer \u00een alt\u0103 \u021bar\u0103?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Cuprins:<\/h4>\n

\nCum putem compara acum \u021b\u0103rile \u00een func\u021bie de costul vie\u021bii?<\/a><\/noindex>
\nDespre paritatea puterii de cump\u0103rare <\/a><\/noindex>
\nDe ce BIM (ingineri \u0219i coordonatori)<\/a><\/noindex>
\nConcluzia 1. Brut mai diferit \u2014 net egal<\/a><\/noindex>
\nConcluzia 2. Cu c\u00e2t brutul este mai mic, cu at\u00e2t m\u00b2 sunt mai mul\u021bi<\/a><\/noindex>
\nDe unde au provenit datele<\/a><\/noindex>
\nMetodologia de calcul pentru indicatorii PPP<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Destul de des, \u00een conversa\u021biile cu persoane din alte \u021b\u0103ri, \u00eencepem s\u0103 compar\u0103m nivelurile salariilor<\/b>. De\u0219i venitul brut poate varia semnificativ, puterea de cump\u0103rare<\/b>, cel mai probabil, va r\u0103m\u00e2ne aproximativ la acela\u0219i nivel<\/b>, ceea ce este evident mai ales pe pia\u021ba imobiliar\u0103.<\/p>\n

Este iarba \u201emai verde\u201d \u2014 pe acea, cealalt\u0103 parte?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

<\/a><\/noindex>Datorit\u0103 re\u021belei sociale LinkedIn<\/a><\/noindex>, \u2014 am discutat cu mul\u021bi speciali\u0219ti din domeniul meu care lucreaz\u0103 \u00een alte \u021b\u0103ri<\/b><\/a><\/noindex>, \u0219i am compilat date despre salarii (datele au fost ob\u021binute \u0219i de la payscale.com<\/a><\/noindex>) \u0219i am calculat salariul paritar (PPP, eng. \u2014 PPP)<\/b> \u00een alte ora\u0219e \u00een raport cu salariul din ora\u0219ul meu natal \u2014 Sankt Petersburg (datele PPP au fost preluate de la Numbeo.com<\/a><\/noindex>).<\/p>\n

\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Cum putem compara acum \u021b\u0103rile \u00een func\u021bie de costul vie\u021bii?<\/h3>\n

\nCre\u0219terea constant\u0103 a pre\u021burilor<\/b> la bunuri \u0219i servicii \u00een lume, legat\u0103 de sc\u0103derea ratelor dob\u00e2nzilor la nivel mondial din 1980 p\u00e2n\u0103 acum<\/a><\/noindex>, nu permite ast\u0103zi unei persoane care inten\u021bioneaz\u0103 <\/b>s\u0103 se mute \u00eentr-o alt\u0103 \u021bar\u0103, s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i fac\u0103 o idee despre costul vie\u021bii \u0219i despre costul serviciilor \u00eentr-o \u021bar\u0103 str\u0103in\u0103. <\/p>\n

\u00cen grafic sunt prezentate ratele medii ale dob\u00e2nzilor la nivel mondial \u00een ultimele 200 de ani, care \u00eenainte de 1980 au fost la nivel mondial la un nivel echilibrat \u0219i justificat: aproximativ 4-6%<\/b>:<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\n\"Po\u021bi
\n<\/p>\n

Sc\u0103derea ratelor dob\u00e2nzilor \u0219i desprinderea dolarului de standardul de aur \u00een 1971 \u2014 a condus lumea spre infla\u021bie<\/a><\/noindex>, care a devenit un fenomen al secolului 21.<\/b><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\n\"Po\u021bi
\n<\/p>\n

Acela\u0219i fenomen de la anali\u0219tii germani<\/a><\/noindex> de la Deutsche Bank.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\n\"Po\u021bi
\n<\/p>\n

Ca urmare a acestor evenimente, \u00een \u021b\u0103ri se stabilesc:<\/h4>\n

\n1. rate de dob\u00e2nd\u0103 centralale necorelate 2. infla\u021bie inegal\u0103<\/b>
\n\"Po\u021bi
\n3. pre\u021buri diferite la imobiliare 4. niveluri de pre\u021buri inegale <\/b>
\n\"Po\u021bi
\n5. costul vie\u021bii inegal Cum putem acum compara \u201eCostul vie\u021bii\u201d \u00een diferite \u021b\u0103ri ale lumii?<\/b>
\n\"Po\u021bi
\nPentru a evalua via\u021ba \u00eentr-o alt\u0103 \u021bar\u0103, putem folosi conceptul \u2014 Paritatea Puterii de Cump\u0103rare <\/b>
\n\"Po\u021bi
\n(PPP, eng. \u2014 Purchasing Power Parity: PPP) Despre paritatea puterii de cump\u0103rare (PPP)<\/b><\/p>\n

Paritatea puterii de cump\u0103rare
\nParitatea puterii de cump\u0103rare Paritatea puterii de cump\u0103rare<\/b> Paritatea puterii de cump\u0103rare<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Paritatea puterii de cump\u0103rare<\/h3>\n

\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Paritatea puterii de cump\u0103rare <\/b> \u2014 raportul dintre dou\u0103 sau mai multe unit\u0103\u021bi monetare, valute din diferite \u021b\u0103ri, stabilit pe baza puterii de cump\u0103rare \u00een raport cu un set specific de bunuri \u0219i servicii
\nMai multe detalii: Paritatea puterii de cump\u0103rare<\/a><\/noindex><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\nCe este PPS pe exemplul pre\u021bului unui Big Mac?<\/b>
\nPre\u021b Big Mac<\/b>: p1 <\/b>
\nBerlin-4,70$ \/ New York-5,70$ \/ Sankt Petersburg-2,10$
\nBig Mac PPS <\/b>(Paritatea puterii de cump\u0103rare) pentru Sankt Petersburg: p2=p1\/2,10<\/b>
\nBerlin-2,2 \/ New York-2,70 \/ Sankt Petersburg-1
\nSalariul lunar <\/b>= dup\u0103 impozite: p3<\/b>
\nBerlin-2085$ \/ New York-3900$ \/ Sankt Petersburg-1150$<\/p>\n

PPS pentru Big Mac - salariul mediu lunar \u00een ora\u0219
\n\u00een raport cu salariul din Sankt Petersburg<\/b>: p4=p3\/p2<\/b>
\nBerlin-940$ \/ New York-1470$ \/ Sankt Petersburg-1150$<\/code><\/p>\n

O logic\u0103 similar\u0103 poate fi calculat\u0103 \u0219i pentru alte bunuri: de la \u201ejeans \u0219i ou\u0103\u201d p\u00e2n\u0103 la costul automobilelor Toyota \u0219i serviciilor publice. <\/p>\n

Pentru aceasta pe site-ul Numbeo.com<\/b> mii de oameni completeaz\u0103 date despre pre\u021burile bunurilor \u0219i serviciilor din ora\u0219ul lor (se folosesc doar datele din ultimii 18 luni,<\/b> dup\u0103 care aceste \u201epre\u021buri\u201d sunt mediate matematic). \u00cen plus, datele din surse deschise sunt colectate manual de c\u0103tre voluntari \u0219i completate pentru ora\u0219e de dou\u0103 ori pe an<\/b>. <\/p>\n

Un exemplu al c\u00e2torva (din totalul de 50)<\/b> articole de cheltuieli din Sankt Petersburg (num\u0103rul de oameni care au completat datele pentru Sankt Petersburg \u00een ultimii 18 luni \u2014 524):<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\n\"Po\u021bi
\n<\/p>\n

\u00cen articol se ia PPS pentru 50 de articole diferite<\/b> de cheltuieli. Datele privind raportul relativ sunt urm\u0103toarele:<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\"Po\u021bi
\nMetodologia<\/a><\/noindex>
\nIndicele_Puterea_De_Cump\u0103rare_Local\u0103 = (Salariul_Mediu_Disponibil(Acestora_Ciudad) \/
\nCo\u0219ul_Consumatorului_Plus_Chirie(Acestora_Ciudad)) \/ (Salariul_Mediu_Disponibil(Nou_York) \/<\/p>\n

BasketConsumerPlusRent(New_York)) BasketConsumerPlusRent(City) =
\nsum_of (Price_in_the_city * (cost_of_living_factor + rent_factor))<\/code><\/p>\n

Exemplu de compara\u021bie a costului vie\u021bii \u00een M\u00fcnchen (Germania) \u0219i Sankt Petersburg (Rusia)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\n\"Po\u021bi
\n<\/p>\n

Compara\u021bia costului vie\u021bii \u00een Rostov-pe-Don \u0219i San Francisco (SUA)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\n\"Po\u021bi
\n
\n\u00cen studiul meu subiectiv <\/b>consider c\u0103 indicele costului vie\u021bii PPS este acceptat pentru cheltuielile medii din acest ora\u0219 pentru o familie de patru persoane<\/b> (s-au folosit date deschise de la Numbeo.com<\/a><\/noindex>). Articolul abordeaz\u0103 situa\u021bia \u00een care o persoan\u0103, care tr\u0103ie\u0219te \u00een ora\u0219ul N - investe\u0219te \u0219i cheltuie banii c\u00e2\u0219tiga\u021bi, \u00een acela\u0219i ora\u0219 N<\/b>.<\/p>\n

De ce BIM (ingineri \u0219i coordonatori)<\/h3>\n

<\/a><\/noindex>
\nInginer BIM (experien\u021b\u0103 1-2 ani)<\/b> \u2014 aceasta este o pozi\u021bie de \u00eenceput<\/b> \u00eentr-o organiza\u021bie de construc\u021bii (\u00een trecut inginerul BIM era denumit - \u201eProiectant\u201d, acum este denumit inginer BIM). Manager BIM (experien\u021b\u0103 4-6 ani), este deja o persoan\u0103 cu experien\u021b\u0103, care ar trebui s\u0103 \u0219tie s\u0103 programeze pu\u021bin, dar nu mai mult.<\/p>\n

Ponderea proiectelor \u00een construc\u021bie, utiliz\u00e2nd BIM<\/b>, va reprezenta \u00een cur\u00e2nd 80% din num\u0103rul total de<\/a><\/noindex> proiecte imobiliare \u00een construc\u021bie. \u00cen acela\u0219i timp, construc\u021biile reprezint\u0103 aproximativ 3 % din PIB-ul Rusiei (\u00eentre statele din lume este p\u00e2n\u0103 la 12%).<\/a><\/noindex> Inginerii BIM \u0219i coordonatorii sunt fo\u0219ti ingineri de proiect \u00een construc\u021bii. Dac\u0103 judec\u0103m dup\u0103 canalele BIM din Telegram<\/a><\/noindex> (cu c\u00e2te 2000 de membri) \u2014 num\u0103rul speciali\u0219tilor pe aceast\u0103 pozi\u021bie \u00een Rusia \u00een prezent: \u00eentre 10 \u0219i 20 de mii de persoane. Rapoartele salariale pentru fiecare \u021bar\u0103 \u2014 Inginer BIM \/ Coordonator BIM \/ Manager BIM: 100% \/ 125% \/ 150%. \u00cen cur\u00e2nd, to\u021bi inginerii,<\/b> care lucreaz\u0103 \u00een planificare, vor lucra \u00eentr-un fel sau altul cu tehnologiile BIM \u0219i to\u021bi inginerii pot aplica la pozi\u021bia lor prefixul BIM.<\/b>.<\/p>\n

Concluzii:<\/h2>\n

\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

\n

1. Salariul anual total<\/b> (despre care se vorbe\u0219te de obicei \u00een Occident) variaz\u0103 foarte mult<\/b> \u00een func\u021bie de \u021bar\u0103, \u00een timp ce salariul lunar net<\/b>, tradus \u00een puterea de cump\u0103rare, este practic identic.<\/b><\/h4>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\n\"Po\u021bi
\n
\nDe exemplu, salariul anual total<\/b> din Kiev fa\u021b\u0103 de San Francisco are o diferen\u021b\u0103 de aproape 8 ori.<\/b>, \u00een timp ce salariul <\/b>lunar net va avea o diferen\u021b\u0103 de doar de 2 ori<\/b>.<\/p>\n

\"Po\u021bi
\n
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

\n

2. Cu c\u00e2t venitul t\u0103u anual este mai mic, cu at\u00e2t mai mult m\u00b2<\/b> po\u021bi cump\u0103ra \u00een 10 ani \u00een ora\u0219ul t\u0103u.<\/h4>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\n\"Po\u021bi
\n
\nDin banii c\u00e2\u0219tiga\u021bi (cu condi\u021bia de a economisi jum\u0103tate din salariu timp de 10 ani) \u00een numerar (f\u0103r\u0103 utilizarea unei ipoteci) s-ar putea cump\u0103ra 46 m\u00b2<\/b> de propriet\u0103\u021bi \u00een Kiev \u0219i 31 m\u00b2 <\/b> \u00een San Francisco.<\/p>\n

\"Po\u021bi
\n
\n\u021a\u0103rile care au fost incluse \u00een calcule \u2014 aproximativ egale<\/b> \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te nivelul de siguran\u021b\u0103, calitatea educa\u021biei \u0219i serviciile de s\u0103n\u0103tate. Fiecare dintre aceste aspecte are propriile sale dezavantaje \u0219i avantaje<\/b> \u00een fiecare dintre aceste \u021b\u0103ri.<\/p>\n

Aceste aspecte sunt greu de analizat<\/b>, spre deosebire de pre\u021burile produselor \u0219i serviciilor.<\/p>\n

\"Po\u021bi
\n<\/p>\n

\u00cen acest moment, pentru a ajunge \u00een top 10% <\/b>cei mai bine pl\u0103ti\u021bi oameni din lume \u2014 trebuie s\u0103 ai un venit anual de 14.500$.<\/a><\/noindex><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

.
\n\"Po\u021bi
\n
\n\u00cen ultima tabel\u0103 po\u021bi compara c\u00e2t valoreaz\u0103 salariul brut anual \u00een St. Petersburg de 15,800$ pe an<\/b> (salariul net lunar 1,150$ sau 71,000 rub). Baz\u00e2ndu-te pe paritate, dac\u0103 \u021bi se ofer\u0103 47,000$ brut pe an \u00een Boston sau Dublin, calculeaz\u0103 \u2014 c\u0103 aceasta corespunde aproximativ salariului de 71,000 rub.<\/b> net pe lun\u0103 \u00een St. Petersburg.
\n\"Po\u021bi
\n
\nCu toate c\u0103 este o opinie subiectiv\u0103,<\/b>cred c\u0103 poate fi relevant\u0103.
\nA\u0219 fi bucuros s\u0103 primesc critici constructive.<\/p>\n

\"Po\u021bi
\n
\nArticolul meu original pe LinkedIn (\u00een limba englez\u0103).
\nVei avea mai multe salarii \u00een alt\u0103 \u021bar\u0103? Nu prea... Salariile inginerilor la nivel global.<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Adaug\u0103-m\u0103 pe LinkedIn, a\u0219 fi bucuros s\u0103 am noi contacte: Artem Boiko<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Toate valorile \u2014 cu o marj\u0103 de \u00b1 10%.<\/b><\/p>\n

Link c\u0103tre tabel (Google Spreadsheet)<\/h3>\n

Salariile BIM vs PPP<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

De unde au provenit datele<\/h3>\n

\nDiscu\u021bia despre salarii a avut loc (mul\u021bumiri celor care au participat) \u00een grupul \u201eBIM expa\u021bi ru\u0219i\u201d pe LinkedIn \u2014 https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/groups\/8834618\/<\/a><\/noindex>
\nSalariul brut anual: https:\/\/www.payscale.com\/research<\/a><\/noindex>
\nCota de impozitare: https:\/\/neuvoo.com\/tax-calculator\/<\/a><\/noindex>
\nPre\u021bul pe m\u00b2 de cump\u0103rare: https:\/\/www.numbeo.com\/property-investment\/<\/a><\/noindex>
\nParitatea puterii de cump\u0103rare (PPP) fa\u021b\u0103 de Sankt Peterburg: https:\/\/www.numbeo.com\/cost-of-living\/comparison.jsp<\/a><\/noindex>
\n
Sursa: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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