{"id":39022,"date":"2019-10-31T22:27:26","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:27:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/kompaniya-cloudflare-realizovala-modul-dlya-podderzhki-http-3-v-nginx\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:27:26","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:27:26","slug":"kompaniya-cloudflare-realizovala-modul-dlya-podderzhki-http-3-v-nginx","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/kompaniya-cloudflare-realizovala-modul-dlya-podderzhki-http-3-v-nginx","title":{"rendered":"Compania Cloudflare a implementat un modul pentru suportul HTTP\/3 \u00een NGINX","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Compania Cloudflare <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cloudflare.com\/experiment-with-http-3-using-nginx-and-quiche\/\">preg\u0103tit\u0103<\/a><\/noindex>  <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/cloudflare\/quiche\/tree\/master\/extras\/nginx\">modul<\/a><\/noindex> pentru a asigura suportul pentru protocolul HTTP\/3 \u00een NGINX. Modulul este realizat sub forma unei extensii asupra bibliotecii dezvoltate de Cloudflare <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=50061\">quiche<\/a><\/noindex> cu implementarea protocolului de transport QUIC \u0219i HTTP\/3. Codul quiche este scris \u00een limbajul Rust, dar modulul pentru NGINX este scris \u00een limbajul C \u0219i acceseaz\u0103 biblioteca prin legare dinamic\u0103. Lucr\u0103rile <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/cloudflare\/quiche\/tree\/master\/extras\/nginx\">deschise<\/a><\/noindex> sub licen\u021ba BSD.<\/p>\n<p>Pentru a compila, este suficient s\u0103 desc\u0103rca\u021bi <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/cloudflare\/quiche\/blob\/master\/extras\/nginx\/nginx-1.16.patch\">patch<\/a><\/noindex> la nginx 1.16 \u0219i <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/cloudflare\/quiche\">cod<\/a><\/noindex> bibliotecile quiche, dup\u0103 care s\u0103 recompila\u021bi nginx cu op\u021biunile &#171;&#8212;with-http_v3_module &#8212;with-quiche=..\\\/quiche&#187;. La compilare, suportul TLS trebuie s\u0103 se bazeze pe biblioteca BoringSSL (&#171;&#8212;with-openssl=..\\\/quiche\\\/deps\\\/boringssl&#187;), utilizarea OpenSSL nu este \u00eenc\u0103 suportat\u0103. Pentru a accepta conexiuni, trebuie s\u0103 ad\u0103uga\u021bi \u00een configur\u0103ri directiva listen cu flagul &#171;quic&#187; (de exemplu &#171;listen 443 quic reuseport&#187;).<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen software-ul client, suportul pentru HTTP\/3 a fost deja ad\u0103ugat \u00een versiunile experimentale Chrome Canary \u0219i \u00een utilitarul curl. Pe partea serverului, \u00eenc\u0103 era necesar s\u0103 se utilizeze implement\u0103ri de testare separate, limitate \u00een capacit\u0103\u021bile lor <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/cloudflare\/quiche\/blob\/master\/examples\/http3-server.rs\">de testare.<\/a><\/noindex>Posibilitatea de a procesa HTTP\/3 \u00een nginx va simplifica semnificativ desf\u0103\u0219urarea serverelor cu suport pentru HTTP\/3 \u0219i va face mai accesibil\u0103 implementarea experimental\u0103 a noului protocol. Apari\u021bia suportului nativ pentru HTTP\/3 \u00een nginx <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/openforum\/vsluhforumID3\/118512.html#64\">este a\u0219teptat\u0103<\/a><\/noindex> \u00een ramura 1.17.x \u00een termen de 6-12 luni.<\/p>\n<p>Reamintim c\u0103 HTTP\/3 standardizeaz\u0103 utilizarea protocolului QUIC ca transport pentru HTTP\/2. Protocolul <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.chromium.org\/quic\/\">QUIC<\/a><\/noindex> (Quick UDP Internet Connections) evolueaz\u0103 din 2013 de c\u0103tre compania Google ca o alternativ\u0103 la combina\u021bia TCP+TLS pentru Web, rezolv\u00e2nd problemele cu timpi mari de stabilire \u0219i negociere a conexiunilor \u00een TCP \u0219i elimin\u00e2nd \u00eent\u00e2rzierile cauzate de pierderea pachetelor \u00een timpul transferului de date. QUIC este o suprastructur\u0103 peste protocolul UDP, care suport\u0103 multiplexarea mai multor conexiuni \u0219i ofer\u0103 metode de criptare echivalente cu TLS\/SSL. <\/p>\n<p>Principalele <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1lmL9EF6qKrk7gbazY8bIdvq3Pno2Xj_l_YShP40GLQE\/preview?sle=true#\">grafica realizat\u0103 prin WebGL \u0219i<\/a><\/noindex> QUIC:\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Securitate \u00eenalt\u0103, similar\u0103 cu TLS (\u00een esen\u021b\u0103, QUIC ofer\u0103 posibilitatea utiliz\u0103rii TLS peste UDP);\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Controlul integrit\u0103\u021bii fluxului, prevenind pierderea pachetelor;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Posibilitatea de a stabili instantaneu o conexiune (0-RTT, \u00een aproximativ 75% din cazuri, datele pot fi transmise imediat dup\u0103 trimiterea pachetului de stabilire a conexiunii) \u0219i de a asigura \u00eent\u00e2rzieri minime \u00eentre trimiterea cererii \u0219i primirea r\u0103spunsului (RTT, Round Trip Time);\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Neutilizarea la retransmiterea pachetului cu acela\u0219i num\u0103r de secven\u021b\u0103, ceea ce permite evitarea ambiguit\u0103\u021bilor \u00een determinarea pachetelor primite \u0219i eliminarea timeout-urilor;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Pierderea unui pachet afecteaz\u0103 livrarea doar a fluxului asociat \u0219i nu opre\u0219te livrarea datelor \u00een fluxurile transmise \u00een paralel prin conexiunea curent\u0103;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Mijloace de corectare a erorilor, care minimizeaz\u0103 \u00eent\u00e2rzierile cauzate de retransmisia pachetelor pierdute. Utilizarea unor coduri speciale de corectare a erorilor la nivel de pachet pentru a reduce situa\u021biile care necesit\u0103 retransmiterea datelor din pachetul pierdut.\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Limitele blocurilor criptografice sunt aliniate cu limitele pachetelor QUIC, ceea ce reduce impactul pierderilor de pachete asupra decodific\u0103rii con\u021binutului pachetelor urm\u0103toare;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Lipsa problemelor cu blocarea cozii TCP;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Suport pentru identificatorul de conexiune, care permite reducerea timpului de reinstaurare a conexiunii pentru clien\u021bi mobile;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Posibilitatea de a activa mecanisme extinse de control al supra\u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103rii conexiunii;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Utilizarea tehnicii de previzionare a capacit\u0103\u021bii de transmisie \u00een fiecare direc\u021bie pentru a asigura o intensitate optim\u0103 a trimiterii pachetelor, prevenind astfel ajungerea \u00eentr-o stare de supra\u00eenc\u0103rcare, \u00een care se observ\u0103 pierderi de pachete;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">  Un salt semnificativ <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/web.cs.wpi.edu\/~claypool\/ms\/quic\/quic-thesis.pdf\">\u00een performan\u021b\u0103<\/a><\/noindex> \u0219i l\u0103\u021bime de band\u0103, comparativ cu TCP. Pentru serviciile video, cum ar fi YouTube, utilizarea QUIC a ar\u0103tat o reducere a opera\u021biunilor de rebuffering \u00een timpul vizion\u0103rii video cu 30%.\n<\/li>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Sursa: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=51695\">opennet.ro<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Cloudflare \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430 HTTP\/3 \u0432 NGINX. \u041c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d \u0432 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0432 Cloudflare \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0439 quiche \u0441 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430 QUIC \u0438 HTTP\/3. \u041a\u043e\u0434 quiche \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435 Rust, \u043d\u043e \u0441\u0430\u043c \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f NGINX \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435 \u0421\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438 \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u041d\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0434 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-39022","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Cloudflare \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri 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