{"id":39036,"date":"2019-10-31T22:27:30","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:27:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/dvumernyj-duet-sozdanie-borofen-grafenovyh-geterostruktur\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:27:30","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:27:30","slug":"dvumernyj-duet-sozdanie-borofen-grafenovyh-geterostruktur","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/dvumernyj-duet-sozdanie-borofen-grafenovyh-geterostruktur","title":{"rendered":"Duet bidimensional: crearea heterostucturilor borofen-grafen","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Duet bidimensional: crearea heterostucturilor borofen-grafen\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/c59e551586e6cad5a0ad3509a536b04b.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u201eMuta\u021bia este cheia pentru dezv\u0103luirea misterului evolu\u021biei. Calea de dezvoltare de la un organism unicelular p\u00e2n\u0103 la specia biologic\u0103 dominant\u0103 dureaz\u0103 mii de ani. Dar la fiecare sut\u0103 de mii de ani, evolu\u021bia face un salt brusc \u00eenainte\u201d (Charles Xavier, X-Men, 2000). Dac\u0103 elimin\u0103m toate elementele de science fiction din benzile desenate \u0219i filme, cuvintele profesorului X sunt destul de adev\u0103rate. Dezvoltarea oric\u0103rui lucru decurge uniform pentru cea mai mare parte a timpului, dar uneori apar salturi care au un impact uria\u0219 asupra \u00eentregului proces. Acest lucru se aplic\u0103 nu doar evolu\u021biei speciilor, ci \u0219i evolu\u021biei tehnologiilor, principalul motor al c\u0103reia sunt oamenii, cercet\u0103rile \u0219i inven\u021biile lor. Ast\u0103zi ne vom familiariza cu o cercetare care, conform autorilor s\u0103i, este o adev\u0103rat\u0103 salt evolutiv \u00een nanotecnologie. Cum au reu\u0219it cercet\u0103torii de la Universitatea Northwestern (SUA) s\u0103 creeze o nou\u0103 heterostructur\u0103 bidimensional\u0103, de ce au fost alese grafenul \u0219i borofenul ca baze \u0219i ce propriet\u0103\u021bi poate avea un astfel de sistem? Asta ne va povesti raportul grupului de cercetare. S\u0103 \u00eencepem.<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h3>Baza cercet\u0103rii<\/h3>\n<p>\nAm auzit de foarte multe ori termenul \u201egrafen\u201d \u2014 acesta este o modificare bidimensional\u0103 a carbonului, format\u0103 dintr-un strat de atomi de carbon av\u00e2nd grosimea de 1 atom. \u00cens\u0103 \u201eborofen\u201d apare extrem de rar. Acest termen se refer\u0103 la un cristal bidimensional, format exclusiv din atomi de bor (B). Prima dat\u0103, posibilitatea existen\u021bei borofenului a fost prezis\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103 la mijlocul anilor '90, dar ob\u021binerea \u00een practic\u0103 a acestei structuri a fost posibil\u0103 doar \u00eencep\u00e2nd din 2015. <\/p>\n<p>Structura atomic\u0103 a borofenului este compus\u0103 din elemente triangulare \u0219i hexagonale \u0219i rezult\u0103 din interac\u021biunile \u00eentre leg\u0103turile intra-planare bi- \u0219i multi-centru, caracteristice elementelor cu deficit de electroni, a\u0219a cum este borul.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><b>*<\/b>Prin leg\u0103turi bi- \u0219i multi-centru se \u00een\u021beleg leg\u0103turile chimice \u2014 interac\u021biunile atomilor, care caracterizeaz\u0103 stabilitatea moleculei sau a cristalului ca o structur\u0103 unitar\u0103. De exemplu, o leg\u0103tur\u0103 bi-centru cu dou\u0103 electroni apare atunci c\u00e2nd 2 atomi \u00ee\u0219i \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219esc \u00eentre ei 2 electroni, iar o leg\u0103tur\u0103 bi-centru cu trei electroni \u2014 c\u00e2nd 2 atomi \u0219i 3 electroni etc.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Din punct de vedere fizic, borofenul poate fi mai rezistent \u0219i flexibil \u00een compara\u021bie cu grafenul. De asemenea, se consider\u0103 c\u0103 structurile de borofen pot fi un complement eficient pentru baterii, deoarece borofenul are o capacitate specific\u0103 ridicat\u0103 \u0219i propriet\u0103\u021bi unice de conductivitate electronic\u0103 \u0219i transfer de ioni. Cu toate acestea, \u00een acest moment, aceasta este doar o teorie.<\/p>\n<p>Fiind <i>un element trivalent*<\/i>, borul are cel pu\u021bin 10 <i>alotrope*<\/i>. \u00cen form\u0103 bidimensional\u0103, un astfel de <i>polimorfism*<\/i> este de asemenea observat. <\/p>\n<blockquote><p><b>Elementul trivalent*<\/b> este capabil s\u0103 formeze trei leg\u0103turi covalente, valen\u021ba acestora fiind egal\u0103 cu trei. <\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote><p><b>Alotropia*<\/b> reprezint\u0103 situa\u021bia \u00een care un element chimic poate fi prezent sub forma a dou\u0103 sau mai multe substan\u021be simple. De exemplu, carbonul este reprezentat prin diamant, grafen, grafit, nanotuburi de carbon etc.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote><p><b>Polimorfismul*<\/b> este abilitatea unei substan\u021be de a exista \u00een diferite structuri cristaline (modific\u0103ri polimorfe). \u00cen cazul substan\u021belor simple, acest termen este sinonim cu alotropia. <\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere un astfel de polimorfism extins, se sugereaz\u0103 c\u0103 borofenul ar putea fi un candidat excelent pentru crearea de noi heterostructuri bidimensionale, deoarece diferitele configura\u021bii ale leg\u0103turilor de bor ar trebui s\u0103 reduc\u0103 cerin\u021bele de adaptare a re\u021belei cristaline. Din p\u0103cate, aceast\u0103 problem\u0103 a fost studiat\u0103 anterior exclusiv la nivel teoretic din cauza dificult\u0103\u021bilor de sintez\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Pentru materialele 2D obi\u0219nuite, ob\u021binute din cristale stratificate volumetrice, heterostructurile verticale pot fi realizate prin a\u0219ezare mecanic\u0103. Pe de alt\u0103 parte, heterostructurile laterale bidimensionale sunt bazate pe sinteza ascendent\u0103. Heterostructurile laterale cu precizie atomic\u0103 au un poten\u021bial mare \u00een rezolvarea problemelor de control al capacit\u0103\u021bilor func\u021bionale ale heterojonc\u021biunii, totu\u0219i, din cauza leg\u0103turii covalente, o adaptare incomplet\u0103 a re\u021belei duce de obicei la interfe\u021be largi \u0219i dezordonate. Prin urmare, exist\u0103 poten\u021bial, dar \u0219i probleme \u00een realizarea acestuia.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen aceast\u0103 lucrare, cercet\u0103torii au reu\u0219it s\u0103 integreze borofenul \u0219i grafenul \u00eentr-o heterostructur\u0103 bidimensional\u0103. \u00cen ciuda necorespunderii re\u021belelor cristalografice \u0219i simetriilor \u00eentre borofen \u0219i grafen, depunerea consecutiv\u0103 de carbon \u0219i bor pe un substrat de Ag(111) \u00eentr-un vid ultra-\u00eenal\u021bat (UHV) duce la frontiere laterale de heterointerfa\u021b\u0103 aproape atomice cu aliniamentele de re\u021bea preconizate, precum \u0219i la heterointerfa\u021be verticale. <\/p>\n<h3>Preg\u0103tire pentru cercetare<\/h3>\n<p>\n\u00cenainte de a studia heterostructura, aceasta a trebuit s\u0103 fie fabricat\u0103. Cre\u0219terea grafenului \u0219i borofenului a avut loc \u00eentr-o camer\u0103 de vid ultra-\u00eenal\u021bat cu o presiune de 1x10-10 milibar.<\/p>\n<p>Substratul monocristalin de Ag(111) a fost cur\u0103\u021bat prin cicluri repetate de pulverizare cu Ar+ (1 x 10-5 milibar, energie de 800 eV, 30 de minute) \u0219i recristalizare termic\u0103 (550 \u00b0C, 45 de minute) pentru a ob\u021bine o suprafa\u021b\u0103 atomar curat\u0103 \u0219i plat\u0103 de Ag(111).<\/p>\n<p>Cre\u0219terea grafenului a fost realizat\u0103 prin evaporare prin fascicul electronic a unui tija de grafit pur (99,997%) cu un diametru de 2.0 mm pe un substrat Ag (111) \u00eenc\u0103lzit la 750 \u00b0C cu un curent de incandescen\u021b\u0103 de ~ 1.6 A \u0219i o tensiune de accelera\u021bie de ~ 2 kV, ob\u021bin\u00e2nd astfel un curent de emisie de ~ 70 mA \u0219i un flux de carbon de ~ 40 nA. Presiunea din camer\u0103 era de 1 x 10-9 milibar.<\/p>\n<p>Cre\u0219terea borofenului s-a realizat prin evaporare prin fascicul electronic a unei tija de bor pur (99,9999%) pe un grafen submonosor \u00eenc\u0103lzit la 400-500 \u00b0C pe Ag (111). Curentul de incandescen\u021b\u0103 a fost de ~ 1.5 A, iar tensiunea de accelera\u021bie de 1.75 kV, ob\u021bin\u00e2nd astfel un curent de emisie de ~ 34 mA \u0219i un flux de bor de ~ 10 nA. Presiunea din camer\u0103 \u00een timpul cre\u0219terii borofenului a fost de aproximativ 2 x 10-10 milibar.<\/p>\n<h3>Rezultatele cercet\u0103rii<\/h3>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Duet bidimensional: crearea heterostucturilor borofen-grafen\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/1b65b626e2a0236cf9d95ff4752871a4.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Imaginea nr. 1<\/i><\/p>\n<p>\u00cen imaginea <b>1A<\/b> aratat <i>STM*<\/i> imagine a grafenului crescut, unde domeniile de grafen sunt vizualizate cel mai bine prin intermediul unei h\u0103r\u021bi <i>dI<\/i>\/<i>dV<\/i> (<b>1B<\/b>), unde <i>I<\/i> \u0219i <i>V<\/i> \u2014 curentul de tunel \u0219i deplasarea probei, iar <i>d<\/i> \u2014 densitatea. <\/p>\n<blockquote><p><b>STM*<\/b> \u2014 microscopul cu tunelare prin scanning.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><i>dI<\/i>\/<i>dV<\/i> h\u0103r\u021bile probei au permis observarea unei densit\u0103\u021bi locale mai mari a st\u0103rilor grafenului \u00een compara\u021bie cu substratul Ag (111). Conform studiilor anterioare, starea de suprafa\u021b\u0103 a Ag (111) are o caracteristic\u0103 \u00een trepte, deplasat\u0103 spre energii pozitive pe <i>dI<\/i>\/<i>dV<\/i> spectrul grafenului (<b>1C<\/b>), ceea ce explic\u0103 densitatea local\u0103 mai mare a st\u0103rilor grafenului pe <b>1B<\/b> la 0.3 eV.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen imaginea <b>1D<\/b> putem observa structura grafenului monostrat, unde re\u021beaua hexagonal\u0103 este evident\u0103 \u0219i <i>strucur\u0103 moir\u00e9*<\/i>.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><b>Suprafa\u021b\u0103* <\/b> \u2014 o particularitate a structurii unui compus cristalin, care se repet\u0103 la un interval fix \u0219i creeaz\u0103 astfel o nou\u0103 structur\u0103 cu un alt interval de alternan\u021b\u0103. <\/p>\n<p><b>Moar\u00e9*<\/b> \u2014 suprapunerea a dou\u0103 modele periodice de plas\u0103 unul peste altul.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> La temperaturi mai sc\u0103zute, cre\u0219terea duce la formarea de domenii dendritice \u0219i defecte de grafen. Datorit\u0103 interac\u021biunilor slabe \u00eentre grafen \u0219i substratul de dedesubt, alinierea de rota\u021bie a grafenului fa\u021b\u0103 de Ag (111) subiacente nu este unic\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Dup\u0103 depunerea borului, microscopie de tunelare cu scanare (<b>1E<\/b>) a ar\u0103tat prezen\u021ba unei combina\u021bii de domenii de borofen \u0219i grafen. De asemenea, \u00een imagine se pot observa zone din interiorul grafenului, care ulterior au fost definite ca grafen intercalat cu borofen (marcat \u00een imagine <b>Gr\/B<\/b>). \u00cen aceast\u0103 zon\u0103 sunt de asemenea vizibile foarte bine elementele liniare, orientate \u00een trei direc\u021bii \u0219i separate printr-un unghi de 120\u00b0 (s\u0103ge\u021bile galbene).<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Duet bidimensional: crearea heterostucturilor borofen-grafen\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/a8da4d6589e55e85138d7ef73038a6dd.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Imaginea nr. 2<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Imaginea de pe <b>2A<\/b>, la fel ca \u0219i <b>1E<\/b>, confirm\u0103 apari\u021bia de ad\u00e2ncituri \u00eentunecate (depresiuni) localizate \u00een grafen dup\u0103 depunerea borului.<\/p>\n<p>Pentru a examina mai bine aceste forme \u0219i a afla originea lor, a fost realizat\u0103 o alt\u0103 imagine a acelea\u0219i zone, dar folosind h\u0103r\u021bi |dln<i>I<\/i>\/dz| (2\u0412), \u0433\u0434\u0435 <i>I<\/i> \u2014 curentul de tunelare, <i>d<\/i> \u2014 densitate, iar <i>z<\/i> \u2014 separarea sonda-prob\u0103 (intervalul dintre acul microscopului \u0219i prob\u0103). Aplicarea acestei metode permite ob\u021binerea de imagini cu o rezolu\u021bie spa\u021bial\u0103 mai mare. De asemenea, pentru aceasta se pot folosi CO sau H2 pe acul microscopului. <\/p>\n<p>Imaginea <b>2\u0421<\/b> reprezint\u0103 o imagine ob\u021binut\u0103 prin STM, a c\u0103rei ac a fost acoperit\u0103 cu CO. Compararea imaginilor <b>Un<\/b>, <b>\u00cen<\/b> \u0219i <b>Cu<\/b> arat\u0103 c\u0103 toate elementele atomice sunt definite ca trei hexagoane adiacente, orientate \u00een dou\u0103 direc\u021bii neechivalente (triunghiuri ro\u0219ii \u0219i galbene \u00een imagini). <\/p>\n<p>Imaginile m\u0103rite ale acestei zone (<b>2D<\/b>) confirm\u0103 c\u0103 aceste elemente se afl\u0103 \u00een concordan\u021b\u0103 cu impurit\u0103\u021bile dopante de bor, ocup\u00e2nd dou\u0103 sub-re\u021bele ale grafenului, ceea ce este indicat \u0219i de structurile suprapuse.<\/p>\n<p>Acoperirea cu CO a acului microscopului a permis identificarea structurii geometrice a foii de borofen (<b>2E<\/b>), ceea ce ar fi fost imposibil dac\u0103 acul ar fi fost standard (metal) f\u0103r\u0103 acoperire cu CO.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Duet bidimensional: crearea heterostucturilor borofen-grafen\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/acc357baa0ff49cf509377f2872658de.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Imaginea nr. 3<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Formarea interfe\u021belor laterale heterogene \u00eentre borofen \u0219i grafen (<b>3\u0410<\/b>) trebuie s\u0103 aib\u0103 loc atunci c\u00e2nd borofenul cre\u0219te l\u00e2ng\u0103 domenii de grafen, \u00een care exist\u0103 deja bor. <\/p>\n<p>Cercet\u0103torii reamintesc c\u0103 interfe\u021bele laterale heterogene bazate pe grafen-hBN (grafen + nitruro de bor) au o compatibilitate a re\u021belei, iar hetero trecerile bazate pe dicalcogenidele metalelor de tranzi\u021bie au o compatibilitate a simetriilor. \u00cen cazul grafenului\/borofenului, situa\u021bia este pu\u021bin diferit\u0103 \u2014 acestea au o similaritate structural\u0103 minim\u0103 din punct de vedere al constantelor de re\u021bea sau simetriei cristaline. Cu toate acestea, \u00een ciuda acestui fapt, interfa\u021ba lateral\u0103 heterogen\u0103 grafen\/borofen demonstreaz\u0103 o compatibilitate atomic\u0103 aproape perfect\u0103, direc\u021biile r\u00e2ndului de bor (B-row) fiind aliniate cu direc\u021biile zig-zag (ZZ) ale grafenului (<b>3\u0410<\/b>). La <b>3\u0412<\/b> este prezentat\u0103 o imagine m\u0103rit\u0103 a zonei ZZ a interfe\u021bei (elementele interfa\u021biale sunt marcate cu linii albastre, corespunz\u00e2nd leg\u0103turilor covalente bor-carbon).<\/p>\n<p>Deoarece cre\u0219terea borofenului are loc la o temperatur\u0103 mai mic\u0103 \u00een compara\u021bie cu grafenul, marginile domeniului de grafen nu vor avea probabil o mobilitate mare \u00een formarea interfe\u021bei cu borofenul. Prin urmare, interfa\u021ba heterogen\u0103 aproape atomic\u0103 este probabil rezultatul diferitelor configura\u021bii \u0219i caracteristici ale leg\u0103turilor multicentrice de bor. Spectrele de spectroscopie de tunelare (<b>3\u0421<\/b>) \u0219i conductivitate de tunelare diferen\u021bial\u0103 (<b>3D<\/b>) arat\u0103 c\u0103 trecerea electronic\u0103 de la grafen la borofen are loc la o distan\u021b\u0103 de ~ 5 \u00c5 f\u0103r\u0103 st\u0103ri vizibile de interfa\u021b\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen imaginea <b>3E<\/b> sunt prezentate trei spectre de spectroscopie de tunelare, realizate de-a lungul celor trei linii punctate pe 3D, care confirm\u0103 c\u0103 aceast\u0103 trecere electronic\u0103 scurt\u0103 este insensibil\u0103 la structurile locale ale interfe\u021bei \u0219i este comparabil\u0103 cu cea de la limitele borofen-silver. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Duet bidimensional: crearea heterostucturilor borofen-grafen\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/ca89881824b72cf916cce6c65969af56.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Imaginea nr. 4<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Grafenul <i>intercalare*<\/i> a fost de asemenea studiat pe scar\u0103 larg\u0103, \u00eens\u0103 transformarea intercalan\u021bilor \u00een foi 2D reale este un fenomen relativ rar.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><b>Intercalare*<\/b> reprezint\u0103 includerea reversibil\u0103 a unei molecule sau a unui grup de molecule \u00eentre alte molecule sau grupuri de molecule.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Raza atomic\u0103 mic\u0103 a borului \u0219i interac\u021biunea slab\u0103 dintre grafen \u0219i Ag (111) sugereaz\u0103 o posibil\u0103 intercalare a grafenului cu bor. \u00cen imaginea <b>4A<\/b> sunt prezentate dovezi nu doar ale intercal\u0103rii borului, ci \u0219i form\u0103rii heterostructurilor verticale borofen-grafen, \u00een special a domeniilor triunghiulare \u00eenconjurate de grafen. Re\u021beaua celular\u0103 observat\u0103 pe acest domeniu triunghiular confirm\u0103 prezen\u021ba grafenului. Cu toate acestea, acest grafen demonstreaz\u0103 o densitate local\u0103 a st\u0103rilor mai sc\u0103zut\u0103 la -50 meV comparativ cu grafenul \u00eenconjur\u0103tor (<b>4B<\/b>). Comparativ cu grafenul direct pe Ag (111), absen\u021ba semnelor unei densit\u0103\u021bi locale ridicate a st\u0103rilor \u00een spectru <i>dI<\/i>\/<i>dV<\/i> (<b>4C<\/b>, (curba albastr\u0103), corespunz\u0103toare st\u0103rii de suprafa\u021b\u0103 Ag (111), este prima dovad\u0103 a intercal\u0103rii borului.<\/p>\n<p>De asemenea, a\u0219a cum era de a\u0219teptat pentru intercalarea par\u021bial\u0103, re\u021beaua grafenului r\u0103m\u00e2ne continu\u0103 pe \u00eentregul interval lateral dintre grafen \u0219i zona triunghiular\u0103 (<b>4D<\/b> \u2014 corespunde zonei dreptunghiulare de pe <b>4A<\/b>, marcat\u0103 cu un punct ro\u0219u). O imagine ob\u021binut\u0103 prin SCO cu ajutorul unei sonde de microscop a confirmat, de asemenea, prezen\u021ba impurit\u0103\u021bilor de bor (<b>4E<\/b> \u2014 corespunde zonei dreptunghiulare de pe <b>4A<\/b>, marcate cu un punct galben).<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen timpul analizei, s-au utilizat \u0219i sonde de microscop f\u0103r\u0103 niciun tip de acoperire. \u00cen acest caz, \u00een domeniile grafene intercalate s-au identificat semne ale unor elemente liniare unidimensionale cu o periodicitate de 5 \u00c5 (<b>4F<\/b> \u0219i <b>4G<\/b>). Aceste structuri unidimensionale amintesc de coloanele de bor din modelul borofenului. \u00cen plus fa\u021b\u0103 de setul de puncte corespunz\u0103toare grafenului, transformarea Fourier a imaginii de pe <b>4G<\/b> arat\u0103 o pereche de puncte ortogonale, corespunz\u0103toare unei re\u021bele dreptunghiulare de 3 \u00c5 x 5 \u00c5 (<b>4H<\/b>), ceea ce se potrive\u0219te perfect cu modelul borofenului. \u00cen plus, orientarea tripl\u0103 observat\u0103 a re\u021belei elementelor liniare (<b>1E<\/b>) se potrive\u0219te bine cu aceea\u0219i structur\u0103 predominat\u0103 observat\u0103 pentru foile de borofen.<\/p>\n<p>Toate aceste observa\u021bii sugereaz\u0103 \u00een mod conving\u0103tor intercalarea grafenului cu borofen \u00een apropierea marginilor Ag, ceea ce, prin urmare, conduce la formarea heterostructurilor verticale borofen-grafen, care pot fi realizate predominant prin cre\u0219terea acoperirii ini\u021biale a grafenului.<\/p>\n<p><b>4I<\/b> este o reprezentare schematic\u0103 a heterostructurii verticale <b>4H<\/b>, unde direc\u021bia r\u00e2ndului de bor (s\u0103geata roz) este aproape aliniat\u0103 cu direc\u021bia zigzag a grafenului (s\u0103geata neagr\u0103), form\u00e2nd astfel o heterostructur\u0103 vertical\u0103 rotativ-similar\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Pentru o mai bun\u0103 \u00een\u021belegere a nuan\u021belor cercet\u0103rii, v\u0103 recomand s\u0103 consulta\u021bi <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/advances.sciencemag.org\/content\/advances\/5\/10\/eaax6444.full.pdf\">raportul cercet\u0103torilor<\/a><\/noindex> \u0219i <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/advances.sciencemag.org\/content\/advances\/suppl\/2019\/10\/07\/5.10.eaax6444.DC1\/aax6444_SM.pdf\">materiale suplimentare<\/a><\/noindex> la acesta.<\/p>\n<h3>Epilog<\/h3>\n<p>\nAceast\u0103 cercetare a ar\u0103tat c\u0103 borofenele sunt capabile s\u0103 formeze heterostructuri laterale \u0219i verticale cu grafen. Astfel de sisteme pot fi folosite \u00een dezvoltarea de noi tipuri de elemente bidimensionale, utilizate \u00een nanotehnologii, electronic\u0103 flexibil\u0103 \u0219i purtabil\u0103, precum \u0219i \u00een noi tipuri de semiconductori.<\/p>\n<p>Cercet\u0103torii \u00een\u0219i\u0219i consider\u0103 c\u0103 dezvoltarea lor ar putea fi un impuls semnificativ pentru tehnologiile legate de electronic\u0103. Cu toate acestea, este dificil s\u0103 se spun\u0103 cu exactitate dac\u0103 cuvintele lor vor deveni profetice. Deocamdat\u0103, mai este mult de cercetat, \u00een\u021beles \u0219i inventat pentru ca acele idei de science fiction, care umplu min\u021bile cercet\u0103torilor, s\u0103 devin\u0103 o realitate complet\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>V\u0103 mul\u021bumesc pentru aten\u021bie, r\u0103m\u00e2ne\u021bi curio\u0219i \u0219i v\u0103 doresc o s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 de lucru pl\u0103cut\u0103, oameni buni. \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n<p>Mul\u021bumim c\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2ne\u021bi cu noi. V\u0103 plac articolele noastre? Dori\u021bi s\u0103 vede\u021bi mai multe materiale interesante? Sus\u021bine\u021bi-ne, efectu\u00e2nd o comand\u0103 sau recomand\u00e2ndu-ne prietenilor, <b>30% reducere pentru utilizatorii Habr pentru un server entry-level unic, creat special pentru tine:<\/b> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/company\/ua-hosting\/blog\/347386\/\">Adev\u0103rul despre VPS (KVM) E5-2650 v4 (6 nuclee) 10GB DDR4 240GB SSD 1Gbps de la 20$ sau cum s\u0103 \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bim corect un server?<\/a><\/noindex> (sunt disponibile op\u021biuni cu RAID1 \u0219i RAID10, p\u00e2n\u0103 la 24 nuclee \u0219i p\u00e2n\u0103 la 40GB DDR4).<\/p>\n<p><b>Dell R730xd la jum\u0103tate de pre\u021b?<\/b> Numai la noi <b><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ua-hosting.company\/serversnl\">2 x Intel TetraDeca-Core Xeon 2x E5-2697v3 2.6GHz 14C 64GB DDR4 4x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100 TB de la 199 $<\/a><\/noindex> \u00een Olanda! <b>Dell R420 \u2014 2x E5-2430 2.2Ghz 6C 128GB DDR3 2x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB \u2014 de la 99 $!<\/b><\/b> Citi\u021bi despre 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\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0431\u0438\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u044b\u0441\u044f\u0447\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438. \u041d\u043e \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0443\u044e \u0441\u043e\u0442\u043d\u044e \u0442\u044b\u0441\u044f\u0447 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u044d\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0447\u043e\u043a \u0432\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u00bb (\u0427\u0430\u0440\u043b\u044c\u0437 \u041a\u0441\u0430\u0432\u044c\u0435, \u041b\u044e\u0434\u0438 \u0418\u043a\u0441, 2000 \u0433\u043e\u0434). \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e-\u0444\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u0445, \u0442\u043e \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0418\u043a\u0441 \u0432\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0438\u0432\u044b. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e-\u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":29287,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-39036","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u00ab\u041c\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447 \u043a \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0435.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/dvumernyj-duet-sozdanie-borofen-grafenovyh-geterostruktur\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One 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