{"id":39116,"date":"2019-10-31T22:27:55","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:27:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/ispolzovanie-nvme-ssd-kak-sistemnogo-nakopitelya-na-kompyuterah-so-starym-bios-i-os-linux\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:27:55","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:27:55","slug":"ispolzovanie-nvme-ssd-kak-sistemnogo-nakopitelya-na-kompyuterah-so-starym-bios-i-os-linux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/ispolzovanie-nvme-ssd-kak-sistemnogo-nakopitelya-na-kompyuterah-so-starym-bios-i-os-linux","title":{"rendered":"Utilizarea NVME SSD ca unitate de sistem pe computere cu BIOS vechi \u0219i sistem de operare Linux","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Utilizarea
\n
\nCu o configurare adecvat\u0103, este posibil s\u0103 se booteze de pe un SSD NVME chiar \u0219i pe sisteme mai vechi. Este presupus c\u0103 sistemul de operare (SO) poate lucra cu SSD-uri NVME. M\u0103 refer exact la bootarea sistemului de operare, deoarece cu driverele disponibile \u00een SO, SSD-ul NVME este vizibil \u00een SO dup\u0103 bootare \u0219i poate fi utilizat. Nu este nevoie de software suplimentar (SO) pentru Linux. Pentru sistemele de operare din familia BSD \u0219i alte Unix-uri, metoda este foarte probabil s\u0103 func\u021bioneze \u0219i aici.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nPentru a boota de pe orice dispozitiv de stocare, este necesar ca \u00een programul de bootare ini\u021bial (PUE), \u00een BIOS sau EFI (UEFI), s\u0103 existe drivere pentru acel dispozitiv. SSD-urile NVME sunt dispozitive destul de noi \u00een compara\u021bie cu BIOS-ul, iar \u00een PUE-ul firmware-urilor pl\u0103cilor de baz\u0103 vechi nu exist\u0103 astfel de drivere. \u00cen EFI, f\u0103r\u0103 suport pentru NVME SSD, se poate ad\u0103uga cod corespunz\u0103tor, iar atunci va fi posibil\u0103 o func\u021bionare complet\u0103 cu acest dispozitiv \u2014 se poate instala sistemul de operare \u0219i \u00eenc\u0103rca. Pentru sistemele vechi cu a\u0219a-numitul \u201elegacy BIOS\u201d, bootarea SO-ului \u00een acest mod este pu\u021bin probabil s\u0103 func\u021bioneze. Totu\u0219i, aceasta se poate ocoli.<\/p>\n

Cum s\u0103 proced\u0103m<\/h4>\n

\nAm folosit openSUSE Leap 15.1. Pentru alte distribu\u021bii Linux, pa\u0219ii vor fi aproximativ aceia\u0219i. <\/p>\n

1. Preg\u0103tim computerul pentru instalarea sistemului de operare.
\nEste nevoie de un PC sau un server cu un slot PCI-E 4x sau mai lung, nu conteaz\u0103 ce versiune, PCI-E 1.0 este suficient. Desigur, cu c\u00e2t versiunea PCI-E este mai nou\u0103, cu at\u00e2t viteza va fi mai mare. \u0218i, desigur, un SSD NVME cu adaptor M.2 \u2014 PCI-E 4x.
\nDe asemenea, este nevoie de un dispozitiv de stocare cu o capacitate de 300 MB sau mai mare, care s\u0103 fie vizibil din BIOS \u0219i de pe care se poate boota sistemul de operare. Acesta poate fi un HDD cu conectare IDE, SATA, SCSI sau SAS. Sau un stick USB, sau un card de memorie. Pe un discheta \u2014 nu va \u00eenc\u0103pea. Un disc CD-ROM nu va func\u021biona, va fi necesar\u0103 rescrierea. DVD-RAM \u2014 nu am idee. S\u0103 numim aceast\u0103 chestie \u201edispozitiv de stocare legacy BIOS\u201d.<\/p>\n

2. Boot\u0103m Linux pentru instalare (de pe disc optic, stick USB sau altceva).<\/p>\n

3. La parti\u021bionarea discului, vom distribui SO-ul pe dispozitivele de stocare disponibile:
\n3.1. Vom crea o parti\u021bie pentru \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103torul GRUB la \u00eenceputul \u201ediscului BIOS legacy\u201d cu o dimensiune de 8 MB. Voi men\u021biona c\u0103 aici se utilizeaz\u0103 o caracteristic\u0103 a openSUSE \u2014 GRUB pe o parti\u021bie separat\u0103. Pentru openSUSE, sistemul de fi\u0219iere (FS) BTRFS este utilizat \u00een mod implicit. Dac\u0103 se plaseaz\u0103 GRUB pe o parti\u021bie cu FS BTRFS, sistemul nu se va \u00eenc\u0103rca. Prin urmare, se folose\u0219te o parti\u021bie separat\u0103. Pute\u021bi plasa GRUB \u00een alt loc, at\u00e2ta timp c\u00e2t se \u00eencarc\u0103.
\n3.2. Dup\u0103 parti\u021bia cu GRUB, vom crea o parti\u021bie pentru o parte din folderul sistemului (\u201er\u0103d\u0103cin\u0103\u201d), \u0219i anume pentru \u201e\\\/boot\\\/\u201d, cu o dimensiune de 300 MB.
\n3.3. Bunurile r\u0103mase \u2014 restul folderului sistemului, parti\u021bia pentru swap, parti\u021bia utilizatorului \u201e\\\/home\\\/\u201d (dac\u0103 a\u021bi decis s\u0103 o crea\u021bi) pot fi plasate pe NVME SSD.<\/p>\n

Dup\u0103 instalare, sistemul \u00eencarc\u0103 GRUB, care \u00eencarc\u0103 fi\u0219ierele din \\\/boot\\\/, dup\u0103 care NVME SSD devine disponibil, iar apoi urmeaz\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103rcarea sistemului de pe NVME SSD.
\n\u00cen practic\u0103, am ob\u021binut o accelerare semnificativ\u0103.<\/p>\n

Cerin\u021bele de capacitate pentru \u201ediscul BIOS legacy\u201d: 8 MB pentru parti\u021bia GRUB \u2014 aceasta este implicit\u0103, \u0219i undeva de la 200 MB pentru \\\/boot\\\/. Am luat 300 MB ca rezerv\u0103. La actualizarea kernel-ului (\u0219i la instalarea celor noi) Linux va completa parti\u021bia \\\/boot\\\/ cu fi\u0219iere noi.<\/p>\n

Evaluarea vitezei \u0219i costului<\/h4>\n

\nCostul NVME SSD de 128 GB \u2014 aproximativ de la 2000 lei.
\nCostul adaptorului M.2 \u2014 PCI-E 4x \u2014 aproximativ de la 500 lei.
\nDe asemenea, sunt disponibile dou\u0103 adaptoare M.2 \u2014 PCI-E 16x pentru patru unit\u0103\u021bi NVME SSD, cu un pre\u021b \u00een jurul a 3000 lei \u2014 dac\u0103 e cineva interesat. <\/p>\n

Vitezele maxime:
\nPCI-E 3.0 4x aproximativ 3900 MB\/s
\nPCI-E 2.0 4x 2000 MB\/s
\nPCI-E 1.0 4x 1000 MB\/s
\nUnit\u0103\u021bile cu PCI-E 3.0 4x ating \u00een practic\u0103 viteze de aproximativ 3500 MB\/s.
\nSe poate presupune c\u0103 viteza realizabil\u0103 va fi urm\u0103toarea:
\nPCI-E 3.0 4x aproximativ 3500 MB\/s
\nPCI-E 2.0 4x aproximativ 1800 MB\/s
\nPCI-E 1.0 4x aproximativ 900 MB\/s<\/p>\n

Ceea ce este mai rapid dec\u00e2t SATA 600 MB\/s. Viteza realizabil\u0103 pentru SATA 600 MB\/s \u2014 aproximativ 550 MB\/s.
\n\u00cen plus, pe pl\u0103cile de baz\u0103 mai vechi, viteza SATA a controlerului integrat poate s\u0103 nu fie 600 MB\/s, ci 300 MB\/s sau 150 MB\/s. Aici controlerul integrat = controler SATA, integrat \u00een puntea de sud a chipset-ului.<\/p>\n

Voi men\u021biona c\u0103 pentru NVME SSD va func\u021biona NCQ, iar pe vechile controlere integrate acesta ar putea s\u0103 nu existe.<\/p>\n

Am efectuat calcule pentru PCI-E 4x, totu\u0219i unele unit\u0103\u021bi au magistrala PCI-E 2x. Acest lucru este suficient pentru PCI-E 3.0, dar pentru standardele mai vechi PCI-E \u2014 2.0 \u0219i 1.0 \u2014 asemenea NVME SSD ar fi mai bine s\u0103 nu fie folosite. De asemenea, o unitate cu buffer sub form\u0103 de chip de memorie va fi mai rapid\u0103 dec\u00e2t una f\u0103r\u0103.<\/p>\n

Pentru cei care doresc s\u0103 renun\u021be complet la controlerul SATA integrat, recomand s\u0103 foloseasc\u0103 controlerul Asmedia ASM 106x (1061 \u0219i altele), care ofer\u0103 dou\u0103 porturi SATA 600 (interne sau externe). Func\u021bioneaz\u0103 foarte bine (dup\u0103 actualizarea firmware-ului), iar \u00een modul AHCI suport\u0103 NCQ. Se conecteaz\u0103 prin interfa\u021ba PCI-E 2.0 1x.<\/p>\n

Viteza maxim\u0103 este:
\nPCI-E 2.0 1x 500 MB\/s
\nPCI-E 1.0 1x 250 MB\/s
\nViteza realizabil\u0103 va fi:
\nPCI-E 2.0 1x 460 MB\/s
\nPCI-E 1.0 1x 280 MB\/s<\/p>\n

Aceasta este suficient\u0103 pentru un SSD SATA sau dou\u0103 HDD-uri.<\/p>\n

Deficien\u021be observate<\/h4>\n

\n1. Nu se citesc parametrii SMART<\/a><\/noindex> de la SSD-uri NVME, exist\u0103 doar informa\u021bii generale despre produc\u0103tor, num\u0103rul de serie etc. Poate din cauza unei pl\u0103ci de baz\u0103 prea vechi (PB). Pentru experimentele mele f\u0103r\u0103 mil\u0103, am folosit cea mai veche PB pe care am g\u0103sit-o, cu chipset nForce4. <\/p>\n

2. TRIM ar trebui s\u0103 func\u021bioneze, dar trebuie verificat.<\/p>\n

Concluzie<\/h4>\n

\nMai exist\u0103 \u0219i alte op\u021biuni: s\u0103 cump\u0103ra\u021bi un controler SAS cu slot PCI-E 4x sau 8x (exist\u0103 16x sau 32x?). Cu toate acestea, dac\u0103 sunt ieftine, suport\u0103 SAS 600, dar SATA 300, iar cele scumpe vor fi mai costisitoare \u0219i mai lente dec\u00e2t metoda propus\u0103 mai sus.<\/p>\n

Pentru utilizarea cu M$ Windows, se poate instala software suplimentar - bootloader cu drivere \u00eencorporate pentru SSD-uri NVME. <\/p>\n

Vezi aici:
\nwww.win-raid.com\/t871f50-Guide-How-to-get-full-NVMe-support-for-all-Systems-with-an-AMI-UEFI-BIOS.html<\/a><\/noindex>
\nwww.win-raid.com\/t3286f50-Guide-NVMe-boot-for-systems-with-legacy-BIOS-and-older-UEFI-DUET-REFIND.html<\/a><\/noindex>
\nforum.overclockers.ua\/viewtopic.php?t=185732<\/a><\/noindex>
\npcportal.org\/forum\/51-9843-1<\/a><\/noindex>
\nmrlithium.blogspot.com\/2015\/12\/how-to-boot-nvme-ssd-from-legacy-bios.html<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Propun cititorului s\u0103 evalua\u021bi singur dac\u0103 este necesar\u0103 o astfel de utilizare a SSD-urilor NVME sau este mai bine s\u0103 cump\u0103ra\u021bi o plac\u0103 de baz\u0103 nou\u0103 (+ procesor + memorie) cu un slot M.2 PCI-E existent \u0219i suport pentru bootare de pe SSD-uri NVME \u00een EFI.
\n
Sursa: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f NVME SSD \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 (\u041e\u0421) \u0443\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441 NVME SSD. \u0420\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0443 \u041e\u0421, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u041e\u0421 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0445 NVME SSD \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d \u0432 \u041e\u0421 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f. \u0414\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (\u041f\u041e) \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u043a\u0441\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u041e\u0421 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 BSD […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":29355,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-39116","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Utilizarea SSD-urilor NVME ca unitate de sistem pe computere cu BIOS vechi \u0219i OS Linux | ProHoster","description":".","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/ispolzovanie-nvme-ssd-kak-sistemnogo-nakopitelya-na-kompyuterah-so-starym-bios-i-os-linux","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"ro_RO","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u0418\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 NVME SSD \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u044c\u044e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043c BIOS \u0438 \u041e\u0421 Linux | ProHoster","og:description":".","og:url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/ispolzovanie-nvme-ssd-kak-sistemnogo-nakopitelya-na-kompyuterah-so-starym-bios-i-os-linux","og:image":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:secure_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:width":350,"og:image:height":350,"article:published_time":"2019-10-31T19:27:55+00:00","article:modified_time":"2019-10-31T19:27:55+00:00","article:publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster","article:author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster"},"aioseo_meta_data":{"post_id":"39116","title":null,"description":null,"keywords":null,"keyphrases":null,"primary_term":null,"canonical_url":null,"og_title":null,"og_description":null,"og_object_type":"default","og_image_type":"default","og_image_url":null,"og_image_width":null,"og_image_height":null,"og_image_custom_url":null,"og_image_custom_fields":null,"og_video":null,"og_custom_url":null,"og_article_section":null,"og_article_tags":null,"twitter_use_og":false,"twitter_card":"default","twitter_image_type":"default","twitter_image_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_fields":null,"twitter_title":null,"twitter_description":null,"schema":{"blockGraphs":[],"customGraphs":[],"default":{"data":{"Article":[],"Course":[],"Dataset":[],"FAQPage":[],"Movie":[],"Person":[],"Product":[],"ProductReview":[],"Car":[],"Recipe":[],"Service":[],"SoftwareApplication":[],"WebPage":[]},"graphName":"","isEnabled":true},"graphs":[]},"schema_type":null,"schema_type_options":null,"pillar_content":false,"robots_default":true,"robots_noindex":false,"robots_noarchive":false,"robots_nosnippet":false,"robots_nofollow":false,"robots_noimageindex":false,"robots_noodp":false,"robots_notranslate":false,"robots_max_snippet":null,"robots_max_videopreview":null,"robots_max_imagepreview":"large","priority":null,"frequency":null,"local_seo":null,"seo_analyzer_scan_date":"2026-01-24 00:49:19","breadcrumb_settings":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"reviewed_by":null,"ai":null,"created":"2021-03-01 00:55:36","updated":"2026-01-24 00:49:19","focus_keyword":null,"additional_keywords":null,"truseo_locale":null},"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39116","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=39116"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39116\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/29355"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=39116"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=39116"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=39116"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}