{"id":40138,"date":"2020-01-31T20:49:06","date_gmt":"2020-01-31T17:49:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/katastrofoustojchivoe-oblako-kak-eto-rabotaet"},"modified":"2020-01-31T20:49:06","modified_gmt":"2020-01-31T17:49:06","slug":"katastrofoustojchivoe-oblako-kak-eto-rabotaet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/katastrofoustojchivoe-oblako-kak-eto-rabotaet","title":{"rendered":"Cloud rezistent la catastrofe: cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Salut, Habr! <\/p>\n<p>Dup\u0103 s\u0103rb\u0103torile de Anul Nou, am relansat serviciul de cloud cu rezilien\u021b\u0103 la dezastre pe baza a dou\u0103 loca\u021bii. Ast\u0103zi v\u0103 vom ar\u0103ta cum este organizat \u0219i ce se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 cu ma\u0219inile virtuale ale clien\u021bilor \u00een cazul e\u0219ecului unor elemente ale clusterului \u0219i al c\u0103derii \u00eentregii loca\u021bii (spoiler - totul este \u00een regul\u0103 cu ele). <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Cloud rezistent la catastrofe: cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/58b56261b55785a76bce3e754c86f6a9.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Sistemul de stocare a datelor pentru cloudul cu rezilien\u021b\u0103 la dezastre pe loca\u021bia OST.<\/i><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h3>Ce este \u00een interior<\/h3>\n<p>\nSub capot\u0103 se afl\u0103 servere Cisco UCS cu hipervizor VMware ESXi, dou\u0103 sisteme de stocare INFINIDAT InfiniBox F2240, echipament de re\u021bea Cisco Nexus, dar \u0219i switch-uri SAN Brocade. Clusterul este distribuit pe dou\u0103 loca\u021bii - OST \u0219i NORD, adic\u0103, \u00een fiecare centru de date se afl\u0103 un set identic de echipamente. Acest lucru \u00eei confer\u0103 rezilien\u021ba la dezastre. <\/p>\n<p>\u00cen cadrul unei loca\u021bii, elementele principale sunt, de asemenea, duplicate (gazde, switch-uri SAN, re\u021bea).<br \/>\nCele dou\u0103 loca\u021bii sunt conectate prin trasee de fibr\u0103 optic\u0103 dedicate, care sunt, de asemenea, rezervate.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e2teva cuvinte despre sistemele de stocare. Prima variant\u0103 a cloudului cu rezilien\u021b\u0103 la dezastre a fost construit\u0103 pe NetApp. Aici am ales INFINIDAT, \u0219i iat\u0103 de ce:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Op\u021biunea de replicare Active-Active. Aceasta permite ma\u0219inii virtuale s\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 func\u021bional\u0103 chiar \u0219i \u00een cazul unei c\u0103deri totale a uneia dintre sistemele de stocare. Voi detalia replicarea mai t\u00e2rziu.<\/li>\n<li>Trei controlere de discuri pentru cre\u0219terea rezilien\u021bei sistemului. De obicei, au fost dou\u0103.<\/li>\n<li>O solu\u021bie complet\u0103. O rack deja asamblat\u0103 a sosit la noi, care trebuie doar s\u0103 fie conectat\u0103 la re\u021bea \u0219i configurat\u0103.<\/li>\n<li>Asisten\u021b\u0103 tehnic\u0103 atent\u0103. Inginerii INFINIDAT analizeaz\u0103 constant jurnalele \u0219i evenimentele sistemelor de stocare, instaleaz\u0103 noi versiuni de firmware, ajut\u0103 cu configurarea.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nIat\u0103 c\u00e2teva fotografii de la unpacking:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Cloud rezistent la catastrofe: cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/b953a56bba9f0308f5fe1b27b356683b.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Cloud rezistent la catastrofe: cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/94b5ceb8565ebe1ef2aacff943e1a9d0.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3>Cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103<\/h3>\n<p>\nCloudul deja este rezilient \u00een interiorul s\u0103u. Acesta protejeaz\u0103 clientul de defec\u021biuni hardware \u0219i software individuale. Cloudul cu rezilien\u021b\u0103 la dezastre va ajuta la protejarea \u00eempotriva unor defec\u021biuni masive \u00eentr-o singur\u0103 loca\u021bie: de exemplu, e\u0219ecul unui sistem de stocare (sau al clusterului SDS, lucru care se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 frecvent \ud83d\ude42), erori masive \u00een re\u021beaua de stocare \u0219i altele. \u0218i cel mai important: un astfel de cloud salveaz\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd \u00eentreaga loca\u021bie devine indisponibil\u0103 din cauza unui incendiu, blackout, atac de tip raider, invazie extraterestr\u0103. <\/p>\n<p>\u00cen toate aceste cazuri, ma\u0219inile virtuale ale clien\u021bilor continu\u0103 s\u0103 func\u021bioneze, \u0219i iat\u0103 de ce. <\/p>\n<p>Schema clusterului este organizat\u0103 astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t orice gazd\u0103 ESXi cu ma\u0219ini virtuale client poate accesa oricare dintre cele dou\u0103 stoc\u0103ri S\u0102D. Dac\u0103 S\u0102D-ul de pe loca\u021bia OST se defecteaz\u0103, ma\u0219inile virtuale vor continua s\u0103 func\u021bioneze: gazdele pe care acestea ruleaz\u0103 vor accesa datele de pe S\u0102D-ul de la NORD. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Cloud rezistent la catastrofe: cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/996193debdab5b3564c97b05b1e5ba27.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Iat\u0103 cum arat\u0103 schema de conectare \u00een cluster. <\/i><\/p>\n<p>Acest lucru este posibil datorit\u0103 faptului c\u0103 \u00eentre fabricile SAN ale celor dou\u0103 loca\u021bii este configurat Inter-Switch Link: switch-ul SAN Fabric A OST este conectat cu switch-ul SAN Fabric A NORD, similar \u0219i pentru switch-urile SAN Fabric B. <\/p>\n<p>\u0218i, pentru ca toate aceste complexit\u0103\u021bi ale fabricilor SAN s\u0103 aib\u0103 sens, \u00eentre cele dou\u0103 S\u0102D-uri este configurat\u0103 replicarea Active-Active: informa\u021bia este practic scris\u0103 simultan pe S\u0102D-ul local \u0219i pe cel remote, RPO=0. A\u0219adar, pe un S\u0102D este stocat\u0103 originalul datelor, iar pe cel\u0103lalt \u2013 replica acestora. Datele sunt replicate la nivelul volumelor S\u0102D-urilor, iar pe acestea sunt stocate datele VM (discurile acesteia, fi\u0219ierul de configurare, fi\u0219ierul de swap etc.). <\/p>\n<p>Gazda ESXi vede volumul principal \u0219i replica sa ca un singur dispozitiv de stocare (Storage Device). De la gazda ESXi la fiecare dispozitiv de stocare exist\u0103 24 de c\u0103i:<\/p>\n<p>12 c\u0103i le conecteaz\u0103 cu S\u0102D-ul local (c\u0103i optime), iar celelalte 12 \u2013 cu cel remote (c\u0103i neoptime). \u00cen situa\u021bia standard, ESXi acceseaz\u0103 datele de pe S\u0102D-ul local, folosind c\u0103ile \u201eoptime\u201d. \u00cen caz de defectare a acestui S\u0102D, ESXi pierde c\u0103ile optime \u0219i comut\u0103 pe cele \u201eneoptime\u201d. A\u0219a arat\u0103 acest lucru \u00een schematic\u0103.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Cloud rezistent la catastrofe: cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/e2b61eb8b9db4b882a6d20c0abf9fc4e.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Schema clusterului de recuperare \u00een caz de dezastru.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Toate re\u021belele clien\u021bilor sunt conectate la ambele loca\u021bii printr-o fabric\u0103 de re\u021bea comun\u0103. La fiecare loca\u021bie func\u021bioneaz\u0103 Provider Edge (PE), unde sunt terminate re\u021belele clientului. PE-urile sunt grupate \u00eentr-un cluster comun. \u00cen cazul defect\u0103rii PE-ului de pe o loca\u021bie, tot traficul este redirec\u021bionat c\u0103tre a doua loca\u021bie. Datorit\u0103 acestui lucru, ma\u0219inile virtuale de pe loca\u021bia care nu mai are PE r\u0103m\u00e2n accesibile prin re\u021bea pentru client. <\/p>\n<p>Acum s\u0103 vedem ce se va \u00eent\u00e2mpla cu ma\u0219inile virtuale ale clientului \u00een cazul diferitelor defect\u0103ri. Vom \u00eencepe cu cele mai u\u0219oare scenarii \u0219i vom termina cu cel mai grav \u2013 defectarea \u00eentregii loca\u021bii. \u00cen exemple, loca\u021bia principal\u0103 va fi OST, iar cea de rezerv\u0103, cu replici de date, \u2013 NORD.<\/p>\n<h3>Ce se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 cu ma\u0219ina virtual\u0103 a clientului dac\u0103\u2026 <\/h3>\n<p>\n<b>Se defecteaz\u0103 Replication Link.<\/b> Replicarea \u00eentre S\u0102D-urile celor dou\u0103 loca\u021bii se opre\u0219te.<br \/>\nESXi va func\u021biona doar cu dispozitive de stocare locale (pe c\u0103i optime). <br \/>\nMa\u0219inile virtuale continu\u0103 s\u0103 func\u021bioneze.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Cloud rezistent la catastrofe: cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/c15c34e54cb456011f3155b30cbe1063.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>Se \u00eentrerupe ISL (Inter-Switch Link).<\/b> Cazul este pu\u021bin probabil. Doar dac\u0103 un excavator nebun s\u0103p\u0103 ciudat de multe trasee optice care trec pe rute independente \u0219i sunt conectate la site-uri prin intr\u0103ri diferite. Dar totu\u0219i. \u00cen acest caz, gazdele ESXi vor pierde jum\u0103tate din c\u0103i \u0219i vor putea accesa doar propriile lor stoc\u0103ri locale. Replica\u021biile sunt create, dar gazdele nu vor putea accesa. <\/p>\n<p>Ma\u0219inile virtuale func\u021bioneaz\u0103 normal.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Cloud rezistent la catastrofe: cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/c6c1b8b4972cd90cdb639fffe623bc1d.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>Switch-ul SAN de pe unul dintre site-uri d\u0103 gre\u0219.<\/b> Gazdele ESXi pierd parte din c\u0103ile c\u0103tre stoc\u0103rile locale. \u00cen acest caz, gazdele de la site-ul unde a c\u0103zut switch-ul vor func\u021biona doar printr-un singur HBA. <\/p>\n<p>Ma\u0219inile virtuale continu\u0103 s\u0103 func\u021bioneze normal \u00een acest caz.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Cloud rezistent la catastrofe: cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/3325765d426751e8717af20f7f122b90.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>Toate switch-urile SAN de pe unul dintre site-uri dau gre\u0219.<\/b> S\u0103 presupunem c\u0103 o astfel de problem\u0103 a avut loc la site-ul OST. \u00cen acest caz, gazdele ESXi de la acest site vor pierde toate c\u0103ile c\u0103tre dispozitivele lor de stocare. Mecanismul standard VMware vSphere HA intervine: va reporni toate ma\u0219inile virtuale de pe site-ul OST \u00een NORD, maximum \u00een 140 de secunde. <\/p>\n<p>Ma\u0219inile virtuale care ruleaz\u0103 pe gazdele de pe site-ul NORD func\u021bioneaz\u0103 normal.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Cloud rezistent la catastrofe: cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/c7a129691cd4d6c161e165fd55607206.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>Gazda ESXi de pe un site d\u0103 gre\u0219. <\/b>Aici mecanismul vSphere HA func\u021bioneaz\u0103 din nou: ma\u0219inile virtuale de pe gazda defect\u0103 sunt repornite pe alte gazde - fie pe acela\u0219i site, fie pe un site \u00eendep\u0103rtat. Timpul de repornire pentru o ma\u0219in\u0103 virtual\u0103 este de p\u00e2n\u0103 la 1 minut. <\/p>\n<p>Dac\u0103 toate gazdele ESXi de la site-ul OST dau gre\u0219, aici nu mai sunt op\u021biuni: VM-urile se repornesc pe altul. Timpul de repornire este acela\u0219i. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Cloud rezistent la catastrofe: cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/c00fb5078e0c4df1461187d8896670a4.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>Stocarea d\u0103 gre\u0219 \u00eentr-un site.<\/b> S\u0103 presupunem c\u0103 stocarea a dat gre\u0219 la site-ul OST. Atunci gazdele ESXi de la site-ul OST se vor comuta la lucrul cu replicile stoc\u0103rii din NORD. Dup\u0103 readucerea stoc\u0103rii defecte \u00een func\u021biune, va avea loc o replicare for\u021bat\u0103, iar gazdele ESXi OST vor \u00eencepe din nou s\u0103 acceseze stocarea local\u0103. <\/p>\n<p>Ma\u0219inile virtuale au func\u021bionat normal \u00een toat\u0103 aceast\u0103 perioad\u0103.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Cloud rezistent la catastrofe: cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/87f7e1d012886d963f020768864154a7.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>Unul dintre site-uri d\u0103 gre\u0219.<\/b> \u00cen acest caz, toate ma\u0219inile virtuale vor fi repornite pe site-ul de rezerv\u0103 prin mecanismul vSphere HA. Timpul de repornire al VM-ului este de 140 de secunde. Toate set\u0103rile de re\u021bea ale ma\u0219inii virtuale vor fi p\u0103strate, iar aceasta va r\u0103m\u00e2ne accesibil\u0103 clientului prin re\u021bea.<\/p>\n<p>Pentru ca repornirea ma\u0219inilor de pe site-ul de rezerv\u0103 s\u0103 se desf\u0103\u0219oare f\u0103r\u0103 probleme, fiecare site este umplut doar pe jum\u0103tate. Cealalt\u0103 jum\u0103tate este rezerv\u0103 \u00een cazul mut\u0103rii tuturor ma\u0219inilor virtuale de pe al doilea site afectat.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Cloud rezistent la catastrofe: cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/62cad7aaf5043f6879dc4a6cbb7b35bb.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nAsta protejeaz\u0103 \u00eempotriva unor astfel de defec\u021biuni un nor de continuare a activit\u0103\u021bii bazat pe dou\u0103 centre de date. <\/p>\n<p>Aceasta nu este o pl\u0103cere ieftin\u0103, deoarece, pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 resursele principale, este necesar\u0103 o rezerv\u0103 pe al doilea site. Prin urmare, serviciile critice pentru afaceri sunt plasate \u00een astfel de nor, a c\u0103ror oprire prelungit\u0103 genereaz\u0103 pierderi financiare \u0219i de reputa\u021bie semnificative sau \u00een cazul \u00een care sunt impuse cerin\u021be de continuitate a activit\u0103\u021bii de c\u0103tre reglementatori sau reglement\u0103rile interne ale companiei.<\/p>\n<p><b>Surse:<\/b><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.infinidat.com\/sites\/default\/files\/resource-pdfs\/DS-INFBOX-190331-US_0.pdf\">www.infinidat.com\/sites\/default\/files\/resource-pdfs\/DS-INFBOX-190331-US_0.pdf<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/support.infinidat.com\/hc\/en-us\/articles\/207057109-InfiniBox-best-practices-guides\">support.infinidat.com\/hc\/en-us\/articles\/207057109-InfiniBox-best-practices-guides<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/dataline\/blog\/486186\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442, \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0440! \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043c\u044b \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0444\u043e\u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u0447\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u043a\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0434\u043e\u043a. \u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043e, \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0441 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0438 (\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0439\u043b\u0435\u0440 \u2013 \u0441 \u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e). \u0421\u0425\u0414 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0444\u043e\u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u0447\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0435 OST. \u0427\u0442\u043e \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u041f\u043e\u0434 \u043a\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0443 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b Cisco [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":40139,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-40138","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442, \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0440! 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