{"id":41229,"date":"2020-02-06T20:43:00","date_gmt":"2020-02-06T17:43:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/opasno-li-derzhat-otkrytym-rdp-v-internete"},"modified":"2020-02-06T20:43:00","modified_gmt":"2020-02-06T17:43:00","slug":"opasno-li-derzhat-otkrytym-rdp-v-internete","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/opasno-li-derzhat-otkrytym-rdp-v-internete","title":{"rendered":"Este periculos s\u0103 folose\u0219ti RDP deschis pe Internet?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Adesea am citit p\u0103rerea c\u0103 men\u021binerea portului RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol) deschis pe Internet este destul de nesigur\u0103 \u0219i nu ar trebui f\u0103cut\u0103 \u00een acest fel. Accesul la RDP ar trebui s\u0103 se fac\u0103 fie prin VPN, fie doar de pe anumite IP-uri \"albe\".<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Administrez c\u00e2teva servere Windows pentru firme mici, unde mi s-a dat sarcina de a asigura accesul la distan\u021b\u0103 la serverele Windows pentru contabili. Aceasta este o tendin\u021b\u0103 modern\u0103 \u2013 munca de acas\u0103. Am realizat destul de repede c\u0103 a constr\u00e2nge contabilii s\u0103 foloseasc\u0103 VPN este o preocupare inutil\u0103 \u0219i c\u0103 nu voi putea aduna toate IP-urile pentru lista alb\u0103, deoarece adresele IP ale oamenilor sunt dinamice.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Prin urmare, am ales cea mai simpl\u0103 cale \u2013 am expus portul RDP. Acum, pentru acces, contabilii trebuie s\u0103 deschid\u0103 RDP \u0219i s\u0103 introduc\u0103 numele gazdei (inclusiv portul), numele de utilizator \u0219i parola.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00cen acest articol, voi \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219i experien\u021bele mele (pozitive \u0219i mai pu\u021bin pozitive) \u0219i recomand\u0103rile.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h3>Riscuri<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ce risca\u021bi deschiz\u00e2nd portul RDP?<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><b>1) Acces neautorizat la date sensibile<\/b><br \/>\nDac\u0103 cineva reu\u0219e\u0219te s\u0103 descifreze parola RDP, va putea ob\u021bine datele pe care dori\u021bi s\u0103 le p\u0103stra\u021bi private: situa\u021bia conturilor, solduri, date ale clien\u021bilor, ...<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><b>2) Pierderea datelor<\/b><br \/>\nDe exemplu, ca urmare a activit\u0103\u021bii unui virus de tip ransomware.<br \/>\nSau a unei ac\u021biuni deliberate din partea unui atacator.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><b>3) Pierderea sta\u021biei de lucru<\/b><br \/>\nAngaja\u021bii trebuie s\u0103 lucreze, iar sistemul este compromis; trebuie reinstalat \/ recuperat \/ configurat.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><b>4) Compromiterea re\u021belei locale<\/b><br \/>\nDac\u0103 un atacator a ob\u021binut acces la un computer Windows, de pe acel computer va putea accesa sisteme care nu sunt disponibile din exterior, din internet. De exemplu, la partaj\u0103rile de fi\u0219iere, la imprimantele de re\u021bea etc.<\/p>\n<p>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">Am avut un caz \u00een care serverul Windows a fost infectat cu ransomware<\/b><\/p>\n<p>iar acest ransomware a criptat mai \u00eent\u00e2i majoritatea fi\u0219ierelor de pe discul C:, apoi a \u00eenceput s\u0103 cripteze fi\u0219ierele pe NAS prin re\u021bea. Deoarece NAS-ul era Synology, cu snapshot-uri configurate, am recuperat NAS-ul \u00een 5 minute, \u00een timp ce serverul Windows a trebuit reinstalat de la zero.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Observa\u021bii \u0219i Recomand\u0103ri<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Monitorizez serverele Windows folosind <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.elastic.co\/beats\/winlogbeat\">Winlogbeat<\/a><\/noindex>, care trimit jurnale \u00een ElasticSearch. \u00cen Kibana exist\u0103 c\u00e2teva vizualiz\u0103ri, iar eu mi-am configurat un panou de control personalizat.<br \/>\nMonitorizarea \u00een sine nu ofer\u0103 protec\u021bie, dar ajut\u0103 la stabilirea m\u0103surilor necesare.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Iat\u0103 c\u00e2teva observa\u021bii:<br \/>\n<b>a) RDP va fi supus atacurilor de tip brut-force.<\/b><br \/>\nPe unul dintre servere, am configurat RDP nu pe portul standard 3389, ci pe 443 - pentru a m\u0103 masca ca HTTPS. Probabil c\u0103 ar trebui s\u0103 schimb portul de la cel standard, dar nu va ajuta prea mult. Iat\u0103 statisticile de pe acest server:<\/p>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Este periculos s\u0103 folose\u0219ti RDP deschis pe Internet?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/6f7fccd9378d323b67a6186bde54fc2c.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Se vede c\u0103, \u00een decurs de o s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103, au fost aproape 400.000 de \u00eencerc\u0103ri nereu\u0219ite de conectare prin RDP.<br \/>\nSe observ\u0103 c\u0103 \u00eencerc\u0103rile de conectare au fost efectuate din 55.001 adrese IP (unele dintre aceste IP-uri au fost deja blocate de mine).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Se impune concluzia c\u0103 trebuie s\u0103 instalez fail2ban, dar <\/p>\n<p>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">pentru Windows nu exist\u0103 o astfel de utilitate.<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Exist\u0103 c\u00e2teva proiecte abandonate pe GitHub care par c\u0103 fac asta, dar nici m\u0103car nu le-am \u00eencercat:<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/glasnt\/wail2ban\">https:\/\/github.com\/glasnt\/wail2ban<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/EvanAnderson\/ts_block\">https:\/\/github.com\/EvanAnderson\/ts_block<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Mai exist\u0103 utilit\u0103\u021bi pl\u0103tite, dar nu le-am considerat.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Dac\u0103 \u0219ti\u021bi o utilitate deschis\u0103 pentru acest scop - v\u0103 rug\u0103m s\u0103 \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219i\u021bi \u00een comentarii.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Actualizare<\/strong>: \u00cen comentarii mi s-a sugerat c\u0103 portul 443 nu este o alegere bun\u0103, ci e mai bine s\u0103 alegi porturi ridicate (32000+), deoarece 443 este scanat mai des \u0219i a identifica RDP pe acest port nu este o problem\u0103.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Actualizare:<\/strong> \u00cen comentarii mi s-a spus c\u0103 exist\u0103 o astfel de utilitate:<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/digitalruby\/ipban\">https:\/\/github.com\/digitalruby\/ipban<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><b>b) Exist\u0103 anumite nume de utilizator pe care infractorii prefer\u0103<\/b><br \/>\nSe observ\u0103 c\u0103 atacurile sunt efectuate \u00eentr-un mod bazat pe un dic\u021bionar cu diferite nume.<br \/>\nDar iat\u0103 ce am observat: un num\u0103r semnificativ de \u00eencerc\u0103ri folosesc numele serverului ca nume de utilizator. Recomandare: nu folosi\u021bi acela\u0219i nume at\u00e2t pentru computer, c\u00e2t \u0219i pentru utilizator. \u00cen plus, uneori pare c\u0103 se \u00eencearc\u0103 s\u0103 se parseze numele serverului: de exemplu, pentru un sistem cu numele DESKTOP-DFTHD7C, cele mai multe \u00eencerc\u0103ri de conectare sunt din numele DFTHD7C:<\/p>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Este periculos s\u0103 folose\u0219ti RDP deschis pe Internet?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/cd13cf169b3b9ed57db9e5706c735c06.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>A\u0219adar, dac\u0103 ave\u021bi un computer DESKTOP-MARIA, probabil vor exista \u00eencerc\u0103ri de conectare cu utilizatorul MARIA.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00cen plus, am observat din jurnalele de activitate: pe majoritatea sistemelor, majoritatea \u00eencerc\u0103rilor de accesare sunt cu numele \"administrator\". \u0218i asta nu este \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103tor, deoarece \u00een multe versiuni de Windows, acest utilizator exist\u0103. Mai mult, nu poate fi \u0219ters. Asta simplific\u0103 sarcina pentru atacatori: \u00een loc s\u0103 descompun\u0103 numele \u0219i parola, trebuie doar s\u0103 ghiceasc\u0103 parola.<br \/>\nApropo, acel sistem care a c\u0103zut victim\u0103 unei atacuri ransomware avea utilizatorul Administrator \u0219i parola Murmansk#9. Nu sunt sigur cum a fost compromis acel sistem, deoarece am \u00eenceput s\u0103 monitorizez tocmai dup\u0103 acel incident, dar cred c\u0103 a fost o tentativ\u0103 de tip bruteforce.<br \/>\nA\u0219adar, dac\u0103 utilizatorul Administrator nu poate fi \u0219ters, ce se poate face? Poate fi redenumit!<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Recomand\u0103rile din acest punct: <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>nu folosi\u021bi numele de utilizator \u00een numele computerului<\/li>\n<li>asigura\u021bi-v\u0103 c\u0103 nu exist\u0103 utiliza\u021bi Administrator pe sistem<\/li>\n<li>folosi\u021bi parole puternice<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>A\u0219a, eu observ cum c\u00e2teva Servere Windows sunt supuse atacurilor brute-forcing de c\u00e2\u021biva ani \u0219i f\u0103r\u0103 succes.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>De unde \u0219tiu c\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 succes?<br \/>\nPentru c\u0103 \u00een capturile de ecran de mai sus se vede c\u0103 exist\u0103 jurnale de accesuri reu\u0219ite prin RDP, \u00een care exist\u0103 informa\u021bii:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>de la ce IP<\/li>\n<li>de pe ce computer (hostname)<\/li>\n<li>numele utilizatorului<\/li>\n<li>informa\u021bii GeoIP<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u0218i m\u0103 uit regulat acolo \u2013 nu am observat anomalii.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Apropo, dac\u0103 de la un anumit IP se fac atacuri brute-forcing destul de intens, se pot bloca anumite IP-uri (sau subre\u021bele) astfel \u00een PowerShell:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"powershell\">New-NetFirewallRule -Direction Inbound -DisplayName \"fail2ban\" -Name \"fail2ban\" -RemoteAddress (\"185.143.0.0\/16\", \"185.153.0.0\/16\", \"193.188.0.0\/16\") -Action Block<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Apropo, Elastic are, pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 Winlogbeat, \u0219i <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.elastic.co\/beats\/auditbeat\">Auditbeat<\/a><\/noindex>, care poate monitoriza fi\u0219ierele \u0219i procesele de pe sistem. Mai exist\u0103 o aplica\u021bie SIEM (Security Information &amp; Event Management) \u00een Kibana. Am \u00eencercat ambele, dar nu am v\u0103zut o utilitate semnificativ\u0103 \u2013 pare c\u0103 Auditbeat va fi mai util pentru sistemele Linux, iar SIEM nu mi-a ar\u0103tat nimic clar p\u00e2n\u0103 acum.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u0218i ultimele recomand\u0103ri:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>face\u021bi copii de siguran\u021b\u0103 automate regulat.<\/li>\n<li>instala\u021bi actualiz\u0103rile de securitate la timp<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">Bonus: lista cu 50 de utilizatori care au fost folosi\u021bi cel mai frecvent pentru \u00eencerc\u0103rile de acces prin RDP<\/b><\/p>\n<p>\"user.name: Descending\"<br \/>\nNum\u0103r<\/p>\n<p>dfthd7c (hostname)<br \/>\n842941<\/p>\n<p>winsrv1 (hostname)<br \/>\n266525<\/p>\n<p>ADMINISTRATOR<br \/>\n180678<\/p>\n<p>Administratorul<br \/>\n163842<\/p>\n<p>Administrator<br \/>\n53541<\/p>\n<p>michael<br \/>\n23101<\/p>\n<p>server<br \/>\n21983<\/p>\n<p>steve<br \/>\n21936<\/p>\n<p>john<br \/>\n21927<\/p>\n<p>paul<br \/>\n21913<\/p>\n<p>recep\u021bie<br \/>\n21909<\/p>\n<p>mike<br \/>\n21899<\/p>\n<p>birou<br \/>\n21888<\/p>\n<p>scanner<br \/>\n21887<\/p>\n<p>scan<br \/>\n21867<\/p>\n<p>david<br \/>\n21865<\/p>\n<p>chris<br \/>\n21860<\/p>\n<p>owner<br \/>\n21855<\/p>\n<p>manager<br \/>\n21852<\/p>\n<p>administrateur<br \/>\n21841<\/p>\n<p>brian<br \/>\n21839<\/p>\n<p>administrador<br \/>\n21837<\/p>\n<p>mark<br \/>\n21824<\/p>\n<p>personal<br \/>\n21806<\/p>\n<p>ADMIN<br \/>\n12748<\/p>\n<p>ROOT<br \/>\n7772<\/p>\n<p>ADMINISTRADOR<br \/>\n7325<\/p>\n<p>SUPPORT<br \/>\n5577<\/p>\n<p>SOPORTE<br \/>\n5418<\/p>\n<p>USER<br \/>\n4558<\/p>\n<p>admin<br \/>\n2832<\/p>\n<p>TEST<br \/>\n1928<\/p>\n<p>MySql<br \/>\n1664<\/p>\n<p>Admin<br \/>\n1652<\/p>\n<p>GUEST<br \/>\n1322<\/p>\n<p>USER1<br \/>\n1179<\/p>\n<p>SCANNER<br \/>\n1121<\/p>\n<p>SCAN<br \/>\n1032<\/p>\n<p>ADMINISTRATEUR<br \/>\n842<\/p>\n<p>ADMIN1<br \/>\n525<\/p>\n<p>BACKUP<br \/>\n518<\/p>\n<p>MySqlAdmin<br \/>\n518<\/p>\n<p>RECEPCIE<br \/>\n490<\/p>\n<p>USER2<br \/>\n466<\/p>\n<p>TEMP<br \/>\n452<\/p>\n<p>SQLADMIN<br \/>\n450<\/p>\n<p>USER3<br \/>\n441<\/p>\n<p>1<br \/>\n422<\/p>\n<p>MANAGER<br \/>\n418<\/p>\n<p>OWNER<br \/>\n410<br \/>\n<br \/>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/487056\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041d\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043a\u043e \u044f \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b \u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol) \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u043c \u0432 \u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e, \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u043e. \u0410 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u043a RDP \u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 VPN, \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0441 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 &quot;\u0431\u0435\u043b\u044b\u0445&quot; IP \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432. \u042f \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e Windows Server \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0444\u0438\u0440\u043c, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0443 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":41230,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-41229","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041d\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043a\u043e \u044f \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b \u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol) \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u043c \u0432 \u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e, \u0438 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