{"id":42137,"date":"2019-03-18T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-03-17T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/flightradar24-kak-eto-rabotaet"},"modified":"2020-02-18T13:44:56","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T10:44:56","slug":"flightradar24-kak-eto-rabotaet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/flightradar24-kak-eto-rabotaet","title":{"rendered":"Flightradar24 \u2014 cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Probabil c\u0103 fiecare dintre cei care au \u00eent\u00e2lnit sau au dus rude sau prieteni la avion a folosit serviciul gratuit Flightradar24. Este o modalitate foarte convenabil\u0103 de a urm\u0103ri pozi\u021bia avionului \u00een timp real.<\/p>\n

\"Flightradar24
\n
\nA\u0219a cum a ar\u0103tat un sondaj printre cunoscu\u021bi, foarte pu\u021bini \u0219tiu c\u0103 acest serviciu este sus\u021binut doar de entuzia\u0219ti care trimit date c\u0103tre server. Chiar \u0219i mai pu\u021bini \u0219tiu c\u0103 oricine poate s\u0103 se al\u0103ture proiectului.<\/p>\n

Vom completa aceast\u0103 lacun\u0103. Despre cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103 vom continua mai jos.
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Hardware<\/h2>\n

\nPrima \u00eentrebare este \u2014 de unde provin datele. <\/p>\n

Fiecare aeronav\u0103 civil\u0103 este echipat\u0103 cu un transmi\u021b\u0103tor special, a\u0219a-numitul transmi\u021b\u0103tor ADS-B<\/b>:<\/p>\n

\"Flightradar24
\n(foto de pe site-ul Garmin)<\/i><\/p>\n

Aceast\u0103 dispozitiv trimite pe frecven\u021ba de 1090 MHz mesaje speciale care con\u021bin parametrii principali ai zborului, tipul aeronavei, coordonatele sale, punctul de destina\u021bie etc. <\/p>\n

Semnalul pe spectru arat\u0103 cam a\u0219a:<\/p>\n

\"Flightradar24
\n
\n\u0218i ceea ce este cel mai important pentru noi, decodarea acestor date nu este complicat\u0103, este suficient un receptor RTL-SDR, cu un pre\u021b de aproximativ 8$, conectat la un computer. De fapt, ideea este deja clar\u0103 \u2014 dac\u0103 colect\u0103m date din mai multe receptoare, vom ob\u021bine o imagine, cam a\u0219a:<\/p>\n

\"Flightradar24
\n
\nDar acestea nu sunt toate. Unele aeronave transmit pachete de date, dar acestea nu con\u021bin coordonatele GPS. Dac\u0103 primim date din simultan de la mai multe receptoare, ale c\u0103ror coordonate sunt cunoscute, putem determina pozi\u021bia aeronavei analiz\u00e2nd \u00eent\u00e2rzierile de la diferite receptoare. Aceast\u0103 tehnologie se nume\u0219te multilateration (MLAT), despre care se poate citi mai multe site-ul nostru<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

\u0218i, \u00een sf\u00e2r\u0219it, ultima \u00eentrebare \u2014 cum sunt primite datele. R\u0103spunsul este simplu, oricine poate plasa un receptor la el acas\u0103, costul fiind de la 0 la 50$. De exemplu, a\u0219a arat\u0103 harta receptorilor serviciului Flightaware:<\/p>\n

\"Flightradar24
\n
\nDup\u0103 cum se poate observa, acoperirea p\u0103r\u021bii ruse\u0219ti las\u0103 de dorit, astfel c\u0103 unii au \u0219ansa de a fi primii.<\/p>\n

Pentru a primi date, este necesar:<\/p>\n

\u2014 Raspberry Pi2\/3 cu internet conectat (pre\u021b de la 20$)
\n \u2014 Dongle RTL-SDR (pre\u021b de la 10$)
\n \u2014 m\u0103car o anten\u0103 simpl\u0103 din 2 buc\u0103\u021bi de fir de 6.8 cm fiecare (1\/4 dipol pe 1090 MHz)<\/p>\n

De asemenea, este de preferat un loc cu o viziune deschis\u0103 asupra cel pu\u021bin unei p\u0103r\u021bi din cer, deoarece semnalele de frecven\u021b\u0103 gigahertz sunt absorbite de obstacole precum cl\u0103diri sau copaci.<\/p>\n

Am avut at\u00e2t Raspberry Pi, c\u00e2t \u0219i RTL-SDR, a\u0219a c\u0103 nu a fost necesar s\u0103 cump\u0103r nimic. \u00cens\u0103, oricine poate \u00eencerca s\u0103 ob\u021bin\u0103 gratuit un receptor gata f\u0103cut \u2014 at\u00e2t Flightradar, c\u00e2t \u0219i Flightaware ofer\u0103 kituri gratuite utilizatorilor din zonele \u00een care acoperirea este \u00een prezent insuficient\u0103. Po\u021bi trimite o solicitare prin linkul (Flightradar<\/a><\/noindex> sau Flightaware<\/a><\/noindex>), desigur, este rezonabil s\u0103 \u00eencerce cei care locuiesc \u00een zone destul de izolate.<\/p>\n

Am folosit un kit cu RTL-SDR V3, care \u00eempreun\u0103 cu o anten\u0103 \u0219i un mini-tripod a costat 27$ cu livrare gratuit\u0103 din China:<\/p>\n

\"Flightradar24
\n
\nApropo, ca un al doilea bonus, to\u021bi cei care transmit date c\u0103tre server primesc at\u00e2t Flightradar24 c\u00e2t \u0219i Flightaware acces nelimitat la un cont premium<\/b> \u0219i la toate func\u021biile serverului (un astfel de acces cost\u0103 separat \u00een jur de 50$\/lun\u0103). Deci, dac\u0103 cineva este interesat de avia\u021bie \u0219i vrea s\u0103 aib\u0103 acces extins la un astfel de cont, instalarea unui receptor RTLSDR este o alternativ\u0103 destul de ieftin\u0103. <\/p>\n

Testare<\/h2>\n

\nInstalarea este extrem de simpl\u0103, pe Raspberry Pi trebuie doar s\u0103 conectezi receptorul \u0219i s\u0103 rulezi o comand\u0103:<\/p>\n

sudo bash -c \"$(wget -O - http:\/\/repo.feed.flightradar24.com\/install_fr24_rpi.sh)\"<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nScriptul va solicita datele necesare (coordonate \u0219i tipul receptorului, adres\u0103 de email), ulterior software-ul va func\u021biona automat, aten\u021bia din partea utilizatorului nu mai este necesar\u0103. \u00cen paralel, se poate activa contul premium (pentru FR24 la linkul https:\/\/www.flightradar24.com\/premium\/signup?account=free<\/a><\/noindex>) \u0219i se poate folosi imediat toate func\u021biile sale (trackere de zbor \u0219i altele).<\/p>\n
Po\u021bi accesa pagina cu adresa IP a Raspberry Pi \u0219i s\u0103 vezi starea curent\u0103:<\/p>\n
\"Flightradar24
\nMult mai multe informa\u021bii pot fi v\u0103zute pe pagina contului Flightradar24:<\/p>\n
\"Flightradar24
\n
\nLocuiesc la etajul 6, relativ aproape de aeroport, a\u0219a c\u0103 num\u0103rul de avioane observate \u00eentr-o zi a fost de peste 1000, chiar \u0219i cu o anten\u0103 simpl\u0103 pe pervaz. Interesant este c\u0103, chiar \u0219i cu aceast\u0103 anten\u0103, distan\u021ba maxim\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la aeronava recep\u021bionat\u0103 a fost de 215 mile. Diferite op\u021biuni de antene pot fi g\u0103site pe ebay c\u0103ut\u00e2nd 'ads-b antenna'.<\/p>\n
Alternativ\u0103<\/h2>\n
\nBonus pentru cei care au avut r\u0103bdare s\u0103 citeasc\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 aici. Unii cititori ar putea avea \u00eentrebarea: se poate r\u0103m\u00e2ne f\u0103r\u0103 servicii externe precum Flightradar? Desigur, se poate rula decoderul pe Raspberry Pi direct. Sursele pot fi desc\u0103rcate de la adresa github.com\/antirez\/dump1090<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n
Este suficient s\u0103 introduci 3 comenzi pe Raspberry Pi:<\/p>\n
git clone https:\/\/github.com\/antirez\/dump1090.git\ncd dump1090\/\nmake<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nApoi, decodorul poate fi pornit cu comanda:<\/p>\n
.\\\/dump1090 --interactive --net<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nDecodorul \u00eencepe s\u0103 func\u021bioneze \u0219i vedem \u201edatele brute\u201d - o list\u0103 cu \u201ebordurile\u201d vizibile:<\/p>\n
\"Flightradar24
\n
\nAcum putem accesa Raspberry Pi cu un browser \u0219i admira propriul nostru Flightradar local, imaginea poate ar\u0103ta cam a\u0219a:<\/p>\n
\"Flightradar24
\n
\nDe ce ar fi necesar acest lucru? \u00cen primul r\u00e2nd, din curiozitate, \u0219i \u00een al doilea r\u00e2nd, din p\u0103cate, Flightradar24 filtreaz\u0103 o parte din date \u0219i arat\u0103 nu toate<\/i> avioanele (de exemplu, avioanele militare, guvernamentale sau cele private). Pornind un serviciu local, vedem totul \u201ea\u0219a cum este\u201d, f\u0103r\u0103 nicio cenzur\u0103. \u00cens\u0103, desigur, volumul de date este limitat de loca\u021bia noastr\u0103 local\u0103 \u0219i de calitatea antenei, de asemenea, tehnologia MLAT nu va fi disponibil\u0103. Dump1090 este disponibil \u00een surs\u0103, a\u0219a c\u0103 doritorii pot chiar s\u0103-\u0219i creeze propria versiune de Flightradar, cu blackjack \u0219i alte accesorii.<\/p>\n
Conclusions<\/h2>\n
\nDup\u0103 cum se poate observa, totul nu este at\u00e2t de complicat, \u00een acela\u0219i timp este interesant \u0219i ieftin. Pentru a \u00een\u021belege un ordin de m\u0103rime al pre\u021burilor: acum 10 ani, receptorul Airnav RadarBox costa cam 1000$, acum RTL-SDR, care face acela\u0219i lucru, poate fi achizi\u021bionat cu 10$.<\/p>\n
\u00cen cazul meu, receptorul a fost pornit doar pentru testare, nu are sens practic s\u0103-l \u021bin pornit constant, densitatea acoperirii \u00een partea european\u0103 deja atinge 100%. Pentru cei din zonele \u00eendep\u0103rtate ale Rusiei, din contr\u0103, poate fi destul de interesant - apare oportunitatea de a face ceva util pentru c\u0103l\u0103torii aerieni din \u00eentreaga lume, extinz\u00e2nd zona de acoperire, \u0219i de asemenea, de a avea acces la un cont Premium pe site-urile men\u021bionate anterior.<\/p>\n
V\u0103 doresc tuturor experimente reu\u0219ite.<\/p>\n
Sursa: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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