{"id":42166,"date":"2019-03-18T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-03-17T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/ekonomika-i-prava-cheloveka"},"modified":"2020-02-18T13:44:59","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T10:44:59","slug":"ekonomika-i-prava-cheloveka","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/ekonomika-i-prava-cheloveka","title":{"rendered":"Economia \u0219i drepturile omului","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Conform decanului facult\u0103\u021bii de economie a Universit\u0103\u021bii de Stat din Moscova, Alexander Auza, \u00een perioade de criz\u0103, rolul \u0219i activitatea economistului \u201einstitu\u021bional\u201d cresc. Adic\u0103, economi\u0219ti care privesc problema \u00een mod extins. Apoi, \u00een urma lor apar economi\u0219tii \u201emainstream\u201d, care analizeaz\u0103 \u0219i calculeaz\u0103 bine problemele specifice \u0219i \u00eenguste. <\/p>\n

Sarcina economi\u0219tilor \u201einstitu\u021bionali\u201d este de a determina principiile generale, vectorii \u0219i tendin\u021bele care pot duce la cre\u0219terea economic\u0103. G\u0103sirea unei \u201epuncte de plecare\u201d specifice, a unui \u201epunct de sprijin\u201d care, potrivit lui Arhimede, va permite s\u0103 \u201er\u0103storni lumea\u201d.<\/p>\n

\"Economia
\n
\nPe de o parte, \u201eRichesse des nations\u201d a lui Adam Smith a fost mult timp considerat\u0103 ca punct de plecare \u00een economie. \u00cen \u0219tiin\u021ba modern\u0103, acest punct s-a transformat \u00een PIB \u2014 Produsul Intern Brut.<\/p>\n

Pe de alt\u0103 parte, \u00een monetarism (Milton Friedman) \u0219i \u00een \u0219coala economic\u0103 austriac\u0103 (Ludwig von Mises, Friedrich von Hayek), punctul de plecare este libertatea. Libertatea economic\u0103 \u0219i politic\u0103.<\/p>\n

Un al treilea punct de plecare la mod\u0103 \u00een prezent este conceptul de \u201eIndexul interna\u021bional al fericirii\u201d.<\/p>\n

Astfel, \u00een prezent nu exist\u0103 un punct de plecare unitar.<\/p>\n

Cu toate acestea, acest punct poate fi descoperit dac\u0103 analiz\u0103m principiile fundamentale ale construc\u021biei unei societ\u0103\u021bi moderne postindustriale democratice. Dac\u0103 \u00een\u021belegem ce este comun \u00een modelele enumerate. Unde este punctul lor comun de plecare.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nSistemul economic modern, la fel ca sistemul democratic modern, nu este creat pentru sine. Acestas este creat pentru oameni. Asta \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 nu omul este pentru stat, ci statul este pentru om. Legile nu sunt pentru limitarea libert\u0103\u021bilor individului, ci pentru a asigura respectarea drepturilor \u0219i libert\u0103\u021bilor fiec\u0103rei persoane, pentru a cre\u0219te fericirea \u0219i bog\u0103\u021bia fiec\u0103rei persoane. Asta \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 nu PIB-ul este important, ci bog\u0103\u021bia fiec\u0103rui individ.<\/p>\n

Statele sunt constituite din oameni. F\u0103r\u0103 oameni, nu exist\u0103 stat. Oamenii s\u0103raci \u00eenseamn\u0103 un stat s\u0103rac. <\/p>\n

Bog\u0103\u021bia, fericirea, libert\u0103\u021bile individului \u2014 aceasta este domeniul respect\u0103rii drepturilor sale.<\/p>\n

Astfel, punctul comun \u00een reflec\u021biile \u0219i teoriile economice \u0219i politice se afl\u0103 \u00een domeniul drepturilor omului.<\/p>\n

\u0218i dac\u0103 drepturile omului sunt respectate pe deplin, atunci apare fericirea, \u201ebog\u0103\u021bia na\u021biunilor\u201d, PIB-ul \u021b\u0103rii cre\u0219te, iar libert\u0103\u021bile economice se dezvolt\u0103.<\/p>\n

Ce sunt drepturile omului? Exist\u0103 \u201eDeclara\u021bia Universal\u0103 a Drepturilor Omului\u201d. O putem lua ca baz\u0103, de\u0219i, \u00een opinia mea, multe prevederi ale acestei Declara\u021bii nu garanteaz\u0103 pe deplin drepturile \u0219i libert\u0103\u021bile omului. \u00cens\u0103, este cu siguran\u021b\u0103 mai bine dec\u00e2t nimic.<\/p>\n

De asemenea, ne putem orienta dup\u0103 cuvintele lui Thomas Jefferson din Declara\u021bia de Independen\u021b\u0103 a Statelor Unite, potrivit c\u0103rora \u201eto\u021bi oamenii sunt crea\u021bi egali \u0219i sunt \u00eemputernici\u021bi de Creatorul lor cu anumite drepturi inalienabile, printre care se num\u0103r\u0103 via\u021ba, libertatea \u0219i c\u0103utarea fericirii\u201d. <\/p>\n

Aceste cuvinte sunt mult mai cuprinz\u0103toare dec\u00e2t prevederile declara\u021biei drepturilor omului \u0219i, \u00een opinia mea, sunt mai precise.<\/p>\n

Dac\u0103 accept\u0103m drepturile omului ca punct de plecare, atunci r\u0103spunsurile la multe \u00eentreb\u0103ri acute ale economiei moderne vor deveni evidente. Va fi clar \u00een ce direc\u021bie trebuie s\u0103 fie abordate aceste probleme, care ar trebui s\u0103 fie vectorul solu\u021bion\u0103rii acestor \u00eentreb\u0103ri, \u00een str\u00e2ns\u0103 conformitate cu grija pentru PIB, libert\u0103\u021bile economice, fericirea oamenilor \u0219i \u201ebog\u0103\u021bia na\u021biunilor\u201d.<\/p>\n

De exemplu, dreptul la via\u021b\u0103 presupune dreptul la protec\u021bia vie\u021bii \u0219i s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii, precum \u0219i dreptul la moarte. Din aceasta decurge necesitatea legaliz\u0103rii v\u00e2nz\u0103rii de arme pentru autoap\u0103rare, legalizarea eutanasiei, simplificarea \u0219i chiar abolirea certific\u0103rii medicamentelor, a institu\u021biilor medicale, a re\u021betelor etc. (vezi Milton Friedman \u201eLibertatea de a alege\u201d despre FDA). Oamenii ar trebui s\u0103 aib\u0103 dreptul s\u0103 aleag\u0103 liber \u0219i independent cum, cu ce \u0219i de la cine s\u0103 se trateze. Cum s\u0103-\u0219i protejeze via\u021ba \u0219i s\u0103n\u0103tatea. S\u0103 aleag\u0103 liber un mod de via\u021b\u0103 s\u0103n\u0103tos sau moartea cauzat\u0103 de substan\u021be legale precum tutunul, barda, sfoara sau alcoolul \u0219i substan\u021be ilegale (\u00een unele \u021b\u0103ri), pistoale, eutanasie.
\nUn alt exemplu. Dreptul la munc\u0103 implic\u0103, de asemenea, legalizarea prostitu\u021biei, ceea ce va asigura dreptul la via\u021b\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103n\u0103tate pentru persoanele din aceast\u0103 profesie. Exact acela\u0219i drept universal la munc\u0103, dreptul la libertatea de circula\u021bie necesit\u0103 o maximizare a flexibiliz\u0103rii legisla\u021biei privind migra\u021bia.<\/p>\n

\"Economia
\n
\nSunt legate aceste drepturi \u0219i libert\u0103\u021bi de bun\u0103starea poporului \u0219i de cre\u0219terea PIB-ului? Cu siguran\u021b\u0103. Legalizarea armelor de autoap\u0103rare, prostitu\u021biei, imigr\u0103rii, abolirea certific\u0103rii \u0219i licen\u021bierii reduc cheltuielile bugetare pentru poli\u021bie \u0219i alte servicii, economisind astfel bani pentru contribuabili. Reducerea cheltuielilor bugetare permite sc\u0103derea impozitelor \u0219i, prin urmare, \u00eembog\u0103\u021birea \u0219i fericirea fiec\u0103rui contribuabil. <\/p>\n

Legalizarea face legale numeroase afaceri \u0219i venituri, ceea ce duce la reducerea banilor c\u00e2\u0219tiga\u021bi ilicit \u0219i submineaz\u0103 baza economic\u0103 a criminalit\u0103\u021bii. Aceasta, deci, reduce cheltuielile bugetului.<\/p>\n

Mai mult, legalizarea transform\u0103 oamenii \u00een contribuabili respectuo\u0219i fa\u021b\u0103 de lege, ceea ce cre\u0219te PIB-ul \u0219i veniturile bugetare.<\/p>\n

\u00cen cele din urm\u0103, oamenii sunt boga\u021bi \u0219i ferici\u021bi, PIB-ul cre\u0219te, veniturile bugetului se majoreaz\u0103, transform\u00e2ndu-se \u00een bunuri suplimentare pentru oameni, de exemplu, sub form\u0103 de venituri incondi\u021bionate.<\/p>\n

Astfel, punctul de plecare \u00een economia modern\u0103 ar trebui s\u0103 fie respectarea integral\u0103 a drepturilor omului. Anume respectarea drepturilor omului st\u0103 la baza cre\u0219terii PIB-ului \u0219i a \"bun\u0103st\u0103rii poporului\".<\/p>\n

Respectarea deplin\u0103 a drepturilor omului profit\u0103 tuturor subiec\u021bilor economici. De aceea, drepturile omului sunt punctul de referin\u021b\u0103 fundamental pentru economia modern\u0103.<\/p>\n

* Argumenta\u021bia detaliat\u0103 a tezelor expuse este prezentat\u0103 \u00een cartea \u201eEconomia \u0219i Drepturile Omului\u201d.
\nCartea poate fi desc\u0103rcat\u0103 gratuit<\/b> \u00een PDF<\/a><\/noindex>, \u00een FB2<\/a><\/noindex> sau \u00cen formatele FB2 \u0219i EPUB (pentru tablete, smartphone-uri, cititoare de c\u0103r\u021bi electronice) desc\u0103rcarea se realizeaz\u0103 \u00een fundal, iar PDF-ul se va deschide \u00een aceea\u0219i fereastr\u0103 (\u00een acest fel, se va \u00eenchide pagina Habr).<\/a><\/noindex>.
\nStima\u021bi cititori<\/p>\n

, v\u0103 rog s\u0103 re\u021bine\u021bi c\u0103 \u201eStilul polemic este mai important dec\u00e2t subiectul polemic. Subiectele se schimb\u0103, iar stilul creeaz\u0103 civiliza\u021bia.\u201d (Grigori Pomeran\u021b). Dac\u0103 nu am r\u0103spuns la comentariul dumneavoastr\u0103, \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 ceva este \u00een neregul\u0103 cu stilul polemic al dumneavoastr\u0103.<\/b>\u00cemi cer scuze tuturor celor care au scris un comentariu pertinent \u0219i nu am r\u0103spuns. Problema este c\u0103 unii utilizatori au \u00eenceput s\u0103 apese \u201cminus\u201d pe comentariile mele. Fiecare. De \u00eendat\u0103 ce apare. Acest lucru \u00eemi \u00eengreuneaz\u0103 capacitatea de a acumula \u201e\u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103tur\u0103\u201d \u0219i de a da un plus la carm\u0103 pentru r\u0103spunsurile celor care scriu comentarii constructive.<\/p>\n

Completar.<\/b>
\nDar, dac\u0103 dori\u021bi totu\u0219i s\u0103 primi\u021bi un r\u0103spuns \u0219i s\u0103 discut\u0103m articolul, pute\u021bi s\u0103-mi scrie\u021bi un mesaj privat. R\u0103spund la acestea.
\nDar, dac\u0103 dori\u021bi totu\u0219i s\u0103 primi\u021bi un r\u0103spuns \u0219i s\u0103 discut\u0103m articolul, pute\u021bi s\u0103-mi scrie\u021bi un mesaj privat. R\u0103spund la acestea.<\/p>\n

Sursa: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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Adic\u0103, a economistilor care privesc problema dintr-o perspectiv\u0103 larg\u0103.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/ekonomika-i-prava-cheloveka","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"ro_RO","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u042d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 | ProHoster","og:description":"\u041f\u043e \u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0434\u0435\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430 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