{"id":52139,"date":"2019-11-01T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/mirovoj-rekord-besprovodnoj-peredachi-dannyh-40-gbit-s-na-11-kilometrov"},"modified":"2020-02-18T13:59:48","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T10:59:48","slug":"mirovoj-rekord-besprovodnoj-peredachi-dannyh-40-gbit-s-na-11-kilometrov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/mirovoj-rekord-besprovodnoj-peredachi-dannyh-40-gbit-s-na-11-kilometrov","title":{"rendered":"Record mondial pentru transmiterea wireless a datelor: 40 Gbit\/s pe 11 kilometri","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u00cen august 2019, Rusia a realizat pentru prima dat\u0103 \u00een lume (Da, este adev\u0103rat) un proiect comercial de rezervare wireless a unui cablu optic de baz\u0103 cu o capacitate de 40 Gbit\/s. Operatorul \u00abEdi\u021bie\u00bb, subsidiar\u0103 a Norilsk Nickel, a realizat un backup wireless de 11 kilometri prin intermediul acestui canal. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Record mondial pentru transmiterea wireless a datelor: 40 Gbit\/s pe 11 kilometri\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/954e0d901d0ab0651bb3b8860820669f.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nPeriodic, \u00een pres\u0103 \u0219i pe Habr, de asemenea, apar <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/news\/t\/394597\/\">note despre recordurile mondiale de comunica\u021bie wireless<\/a><\/noindex>. Acestea sunt interesante din perspectiva progresului tehnologic, dar \u00eentotdeauna reprezint\u0103 teste de cercetare. Dar aici avem un proiect comercial real, \u0219i nu \u00een condi\u021biile Valea Siliciuului sau ale unei universit\u0103\u021bi europene, ci chiar \u00een taiga de pe Cercul Polar. De\u0219i pare surprinz\u0103tor, aceast\u0103 \u021bar\u0103 imens\u0103, cu condi\u021bii geografice \u0219i climatice complexe, ofer\u0103 premise pentru proiecte care dep\u0103\u0219esc cele mai bune laboratoare de cercetare.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Cronologia ultimelor recorduri de comunica\u021bie wireless:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Mai 2013<\/b>, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/phys.org\/news\/2013-05-gbits-ghz-world-wireless-transmission.html\">40 Gbit\/s pe 1 km<\/a><\/noindex> pe o frecven\u021b\u0103 experimental\u0103 de 240 GHz, ca un experiment comun \u00eentre cercet\u0103torii Institutului Tehnologic din Karlsruhe, compania Radiometer Physics GmbH \u0219i Institutul Fraunhofer de Fizica Aplicat\u0103 a Corpului Solid. Frecven\u021ba semnalului nu este disponibil\u0103 pentru utilizare comercial\u0103.<\/li>\n<li><b>Mai 2016<\/b>: <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/news\/t\/394597\/\">6 Gbit\/s pe 37 km<\/a><\/noindex> \u00een banda de 70\/80 GHz, aceea\u0219i echip\u0103, dar ca un nou experiment pe frecven\u021be alocate pentru proiecte comerciale,<\/li>\n<li><b>Noiembrie 2016<\/b>: <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/\">20 Gbit\/s pe 13 km<\/a><\/noindex>, centrul de cercetare Facebook Connectivity Lab,<\/li>\n<li><b>Ianuarie 2019<\/b>, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ericsson.com\/en\/press-releases\/2019\/1\/deutsche-telekom-and-ericsson-achieve-fiber-like-results-with-wireless-backhaul\">40 Gbit\/s pe 1,4 km<\/a><\/noindex>, poligonul Deutsche Telekom cu echipamente comerciale de la Ericsson, \u00een mai 2019, extinderea acelora\u0219i leg\u0103turi pe acel poligon a dat deja aproape 100 Gbit\/s,<\/li>\n<li><b>August 2019<\/b>, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lenta.ru\/news\/2019\/08\/21\/wireless\/\">40 Gbit\/s pe 11 km<\/a><\/noindex>, operatorul norilsk \u00abEdi\u021bie\u00bb pe echipamente comerciale de la LLC \u00abDOK\u00bb (Sankt-Petersburg).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>\nDe fapt, nu ar fi existat nicio realizare \u00een comunica\u021biile wireless \u00een condi\u021biile Cercului Polar dac\u0103 nu ar fi fost ghea\u021ba pe Enisey. Istoricul proiectului este urm\u0103torul: \u00een 2017, dup\u0103 ce operatorii \u201emarilor trei\u201d au refuzat s\u0103 dezvolte comunica\u021biile \u00een direc\u021bia Ta\u00efmyrului, corpora\u021bia PAO \u201eGMK Norilsk Nickel\u201d a construit pe cheltuiala proprie o magistral\u0103 de fibr\u0103 optic\u0103 uria\u0219\u0103 (956 km) de la Noua Urengea la Norilsk, cu o capacitate de 40 Gbit\/s. Este o rut\u0103 realmente complicat\u0103, care trece printr-un teren greu accesibil, iar constructorii s\u0103i au primit premii guvernamentale pentru aceast\u0103 lucrare.<\/p>\n<p>Una dintre problemele \u00een exploatare \u2014 trecerea cablului de 40 Gbit\/s al magistralei de fibr\u0103 optic\u0103 peste Enisey \u00een absen\u021ba podurilor a fost rezolvat\u0103 prin amplasarea acestuia pe fundul r\u00e2ului, fiind instalate mai multe cabluri pentru siguran\u021b\u0103. Totu\u0219i, ghea\u021ba pe Enisey deterioraz\u0103 cu u\u0219urin\u021b\u0103 fibra optic\u0103. Ghea\u021ba pe Enisey este un fenomen care dureaz\u0103 mult mai mult de o zi, iar lucr\u0103rile de repara\u021bie pe ap\u0103 nu sunt permise \u00een aceast\u0103 perioad\u0103 din cauza pericolelor mari pentru oameni. <\/p>\n<p>Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 cablurile suplimentare de pe fundul Eniseyului, ruta a fost rezervat\u0103 printr-un canal wireless de radioreleu de 1 Gbit\/s de la turnurile de telecomunica\u021bii situate de ambele p\u0103r\u021bi ale r\u00e2ului, \u00een Igarka \u0219i \u00een satul Priluki (acest canal radio este vizibil \u00een fotografia de sus \u2014 farfuria mare). Dar ce reprezint\u0103 1 Gbit\/s pentru a asigura \u00eentregul district industrial Norilsk \u00een caz de deteriorare a fibrei ... \u2014 lacrimi. De aceea, \u00een perioada de toamn\u0103-iarn\u0103 2018-2019, operatorul Norilsk \u201eEdi\u021bie\u201d, parte din structura PAO \u201eGMK Norilsk Nickel\u201d, a \u00eenceput lucr\u0103rile de proiectare pentru construirea unui canal wireless peste Enisey cu o capacitate comparabil\u0103 cu cea a magistralei de fibr\u0103 optic\u0103. <\/p>\n<p>Cu surprinderea speciali\u0219tilor de la \u201eUniune\u201d, niciunul dintre brandurile interna\u021bionale de telecomunica\u021bii nu a acceptat ofertele de furnizare a echipamentului pentru un canal wireless de 40 gigabi\u021bi la o distan\u021b\u0103 de 11 km. Problema const\u0103 tocmai \u00een combina\u021bia complex\u0103 a capacit\u0103\u021bii mari a canalului \u0219i a distan\u021bei. Echipamentele moderne de serie pentru o capacitate de 10 Gbit\/s sau mai mult pentru banda de 70\/80 GHz au o caracteristic\u0103 care le limiteaz\u0103 distan\u021ba. Acest lucru se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 deoarece, \u00een cazul schemelor complexe de codificare, cum ar fi QAM128 sau QAM256, care sunt singurele capabile s\u0103 ofere o l\u0103\u021bime de band\u0103 de 10 Gbit\/s sau mai mult, este dificil s\u0103 se asigure o putere semnificativ\u0103 a emi\u021b\u0103torului. Distan\u021bele de 3-5 km sunt u\u0219or de atins, dar la 11 km atenuarea semnalului devine excesiv de mare \u0219i nu se poate ob\u021bine niciun fel de conexiune \u00een standardul 10GE. <\/p>\n<p>Provocarea a fost acceptat\u0103 de un dezvoltator local din Sankt Petersburg \u2014 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/dokltd.ru\/\">compania DOK<\/a><\/noindex>. Aceasta avea deja dezvolt\u0103ri \u00een domeniul radio-link-urilor care asigurau distan\u021ba necesar\u0103. \u00cenainte de acest proiect, au testat un canal de 40 Gbit\/s sub form\u0103 de 4 radio-link-uri func\u021bion\u00e2nd \u00eempreun\u0103, fiecare cu o capacitate de 10 Gbit\/s, pe un poligon de 4 km \u0219i erau convin\u0219i c\u0103 o asemenea capacitate este posibil\u0103. Dar, \u00een practic\u0103, nimeni din industria telecomunica\u021biilor nu a \u00eencercat vreodat\u0103 s\u0103 monteze 4 radio-link-uri func\u021bion\u00e2nd paralel la o distan\u021b\u0103 de 11 km. <\/p>\n<p> <img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Record mondial pentru transmiterea wireless a datelor: 40 Gbit\/s pe 11 kilometri\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/10bbb57f000d215286e2172169977f33.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nPrimind refuzuri din partea brandurilor mondiale, clientul, reprezentat de LLC \u201eUniune\u201d, nu a fost de asemenea sigur c\u0103 echipamentele autohtone vor putea face fa\u021b\u0103 proiectului. Prin urmare, s-a decis ini\u021bial s\u0103 se instaleze, ca etap\u0103 pilot, un singur radio-link de 10 Gbit\/s la 11 km. Dac\u0103 acesta se va dovedi eficient, se va scala apoi proiectul la 4 radio-link-uri care vor func\u021biona simultan. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Record mondial pentru transmiterea wireless a datelor: 40 Gbit\/s pe 11 kilometri\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/8d572ba46bf36102132fc8eab4500803.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Record mondial pentru transmiterea wireless a datelor: 40 Gbit\/s pe 11 kilometri\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/66cf9992fddb577bfb58436196b372e9.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Record mondial pentru transmiterea wireless a datelor: 40 Gbit\/s pe 11 kilometri\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/da5e4d133a67bca0b57b7c9acdb39438.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Din punct de vedere tehnic, nu este deloc necesar s\u0103 se transmit\u0103 40 Gbit\/s \u00eentr-un singur canal, fie pe aer, fie prin cablu de fibr\u0103 optic\u0103. Este mult mai simplu s\u0103 se transmit\u0103 datele pe mai multe \u201efire\u201d paralele de 10 Gbit\/s. Echipamentele de re\u021bea standard 10GE sunt mai ieftine \u0219i mai accesibile dec\u00e2t comutatoarele standard 40GE. \u00cen plus, firele paralele confer\u0103 o fiabilitate mai mare \u00eentregului canal. <\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\nDar exista o problem\u0103, \u00een sensul c\u0103, spre deosebire de cablul optic, unde semnalul pe fire paralele nu influen\u021beaz\u0103 unul altuia, la canalele radio apar interferen\u021be reciproce, care pot duce p\u00e2n\u0103 la o \u00eentrerupere complet\u0103 a comunica\u021biei. Aceasta este comb\u0103tut\u0103 prin aplicarea diferitelor polariz\u0103ri ale semnalului \u0219i prin separarea semnalelor pe frecven\u021be. Dar este mai simplu de spus, mult mai greu de realizat \u00een practic\u0103. Cei din Peterburg au creat o schem\u0103 pe circuite integrate de mare frecven\u021b\u0103 (MMIC, Circuit Integrat Monolithic de Microunde) bazate pe arsenit de galiu \u0219i au avut \u00eencredere \u00een solu\u021bia lor tehnic\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>\u201eStudiile radio moderne de standard 10GE din \u00eentreaga lume sunt realizate pe circuite integrate de mare frecven\u021b\u0103 achizi\u021bionate. \u00cen acest domeniu, nu este eficient s\u0103 se dezvolte vertical, c\u00e2nd toate procesele tehnologice sunt realizate de o singur\u0103 firm\u0103 - de la depunerea circuitelor integrate, p\u00e2n\u0103 la asamblarea componentelor \u00eentr-un produs finit. Este cam la fel ca multe firme care fac pl\u0103ci de computer bazate pe circuite de la Intel \u0219i AMD. Totu\u0219i, spre deosebire de pl\u0103cile de mas\u0103 pentru PC, pentru ajustarea circuitelor integrate, amplificarea ulterioar\u0103 a semnalului \u0219i livrarea acestuia c\u0103tre anten\u0103 este necesar\u0103 o expertiz\u0103 specializat\u0103, iar aceasta, de fapt, este subiectul Know-How al companiilor\u201d, a comentat Valery Salomat\u0103, manager de proiecte la SRL \u201eDOK\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Podul radio pilot de 10 Gbit\/s model PPC-10G-E-HP a func\u021bionat cu succes pe st\u00e2lpii de pe malurile Enisei timp de c\u00e2teva luni (mai-iunie 2019). Ploile de var\u0103 sunt cel mai dificil moment pentru comunica\u021bia radio \u00een banda milimetric\u0103, deoarece pic\u0103turile de ploaie sunt comparabile cu lungimea de und\u0103 (aproximativ 4 mm), ceea ce provoac\u0103 sl\u0103birea semnalului. Iarna nu exist\u0103 aceast\u0103 problem\u0103, deoarece fulgii de z\u0103pad\u0103, la fel ca cea\u021ba \u0219i fumul, sunt transparen\u021bi pentru comunica\u021biile wireless \u00een banda de 70\/80 GHz.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Record mondial pentru transmiterea wireless a datelor: 40 Gbit\/s pe 11 kilometri\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/9da8e10aab4d2e6c173fbc1b4986c0bc.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Record mondial pentru transmiterea wireless a datelor: 40 Gbit\/s pe 11 kilometri\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/9cda146d363d534a1b93551a500a4fab.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n <br \/>\nPodul radio de 10 Gbit\/s de la SRL \u201eDOK\u201d a f\u0103cut fa\u021b\u0103 condi\u021biilor meteorologice \u0219i distan\u021bei, dup\u0103 care, pe baza statisticilor de disponibilitate a liniei de comunica\u021bie, operatorul \u201eEchitate\u201d a decis s\u0103 scaleze la 4 canale wireless paralele, fiecare cu o capacitate de 10GE. Montajul a fost realizat de speciali\u0219tii companiei \u201eEchitate\u201d, care s-au descurcat singuri cu detaliile configur\u0103rii conform instruc\u021biunilor echipamentului. La sf\u00e2r\u0219itul lunii iulie 2019, podul radio <br \/>\nde 40 Gbit\/s (4x 10 Gbit\/s) pe Enisei a fost pus \u00een exploatare industrial\u0103 \u00een prezen\u021ba echipei de montaj de la compania \u201eDOK\u201d.<br \/>\n<br \/>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/467753\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412 \u0430\u0432\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0435 2019 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0432 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435 (\u0414\u0430, \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430) \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043c\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0431\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0435\u043c\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e 40 \u0413\u0431\u0438\u0442\/\u0441. \u041e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u00ab\u0415\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u00bb, \u0434\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044f\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u041d\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0435\u043b\u044f, \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0430 11-\u043a\u0438\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u044d\u043a\u0430\u043f \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0415\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0435, \u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0435 \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043e \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0430\u0445 \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438. 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