{"id":52210,"date":"2019-11-03T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-11-02T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/v-openssh-dobavlena-podderzhka-universalnoj-dvuhfaktornoj-autentifikatsii"},"modified":"2020-02-18T13:59:53","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T10:59:53","slug":"v-openssh-dobavlena-podderzhka-universalnoj-dvuhfaktornoj-autentifikatsii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/v-openssh-dobavlena-podderzhka-universalnoj-dvuhfaktornoj-autentifikatsii","title":{"rendered":"\u00cen OpenSSH a fost ad\u0103ugat suport pentru autentificarea universal\u0103 cu dou\u0103 factori.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00cen baza de cod OpenSSH a fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103<\/a><\/noindex> suport experimental pentru autentificarea cu doi factori folosind dispozitive care suport\u0103 protocolul U2F<\/a><\/noindex>, dezvoltat de alian\u021b\u0103 FIDO<\/a><\/noindex>. U2F permite crearea de token-uri hardware ieftine pentru confirmarea prezen\u021bei fizice a utilizatorului, interac\u021biunea cu care se realizeaz\u0103 prin USB, Bluetooth sau NFC. Castele de acest tip sunt promovate ca un mijloc de autentificare cu doi factori pe site-uri, fiind deja sus\u021binute de majoritatea browserelor \u0219i fiind produse de diver\u0219i manufacturatori, inclusiv Yubico, Feitian, Thetis \u0219i Kensington.<\/p>\n

Pentru interac\u021biunea cu dispozitivele care confirm\u0103 prezen\u021ba utilizatorului, \u00een OpenSSH a fost ad\u0103ugat un nou tip de cheie \u201esk-ecdsa-sha2-nistp256@openssh.com\u201d (\u201eecdsa-sk\u201d), care utilizeaz\u0103 algoritmul de semn\u0103tur\u0103 digital\u0103 ECDSA (Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm) cu curba eliptic\u0103 NIST P-256 \u0219i hash-ul SHA-256. Procedurile de interac\u021biune cu tokenurile au fost extrase \u00eentr-o bibliotec\u0103 intermediar\u0103, care se \u00eencarc\u0103 similar cu biblioteca pentru suportul PKCS#11 \u0219i este un wrapper peste bibliotec\u0103. libfido2<\/a><\/noindex>, care ofer\u0103 mijloacele de comunica\u021bie cu token-urile prin USB (suport\u0103 protocoalele FIDO U2F\/CTAP 1 \u0219i FIDO 2.0\/CTAP 2). Biblioteca intermediar\u0103 preg\u0103tit\u0103 de dezvoltatorii OpenSSH, libsk-libfido2 sistemul de compozitare<\/a><\/noindex> face parte din libfido2, la fel ca \u0219i driverul HID<\/a><\/noindex> pentru OpenBSD.<\/p>\n

Pentru a activa U2F, se poate utiliza o versiune recent\u0103 a bazei de cod din a depozitului<\/a><\/noindex> OpenSSH \u0219i ramura HEAD a bibliotecii libfido2<\/a><\/noindex>, care include deja stratul necesar pentru OpenSSH.
\nLibfido2 suport\u0103 func\u021bionarea pe OpenBSD, Linux, macOS \u0219i Windows. <\/p>\n

Pentru autentificare \u0219i generarea cheii, este necesar s\u0103 se seteze variabila de mediu SSH_SK_PROVIDER, specific\u00e2nd calea c\u0103tre libsk-libfido2.so (export SSH_SK_PROVIDER=\/path\/to\/libsk-libfido2.so), sau s\u0103 se defineasc\u0103 biblioteca prin setarea SecurityKeyProvider, dup\u0103 care se poate rula \u201essh-keygen -t ecdsa-sk\u201d sau, dac\u0103 cheile au fost deja create \u0219i configurate, s\u0103 se conecteze la server utiliz\u00e2nd \u201essh\u201d. La rularea ssh-keygen, perechea de chei creat\u0103 va fi salvat\u0103 \u00een \u201e~\/.ssh\/id_ecdsa_sk\u201d \u0219i poate fi utilizat\u0103 similar cu alte chei. <\/p>\n

Cheia public\u0103 (id_ecdsa_sk.pub) trebuie copiat\u0103 pe server \u00een fi\u0219ierul authorized_keys. Pe partea serverului se verific\u0103 doar semn\u0103tura digital\u0103, iar interac\u021biunea cu tokenurile se face pe partea clientului (nu este nevoie de instalarea libsk-libfido2 pe server, dar serverul trebuie s\u0103 suporte tipul de chei \u201eecdsa-sk\u201d). Cheia privat\u0103 generat\u0103 (id_ecdsa_sk) este, de fapt, un descriptor al cheii, form\u00e2nd cheia real\u0103 doar \u00een combina\u021bie cu o secven\u021b\u0103 secret\u0103, p\u0103strat\u0103 pe partea tokenului U2F.<\/p>\n

\u00cen cazul \u00een care cheia id_ecdsa_sk ajunge \u00een m\u00e2inile unui atacator, pentru a trece autenticarea, acesta va avea de asemenea nevoie de acces la tokenul hardware, f\u0103r\u0103 de care cheia privat\u0103 salvat\u0103 \u00een fi\u0219ierul id_ecdsa_sk este inutil\u0103. De asemenea, prin default, pentru orice opera\u021biune cu cheile (at\u00e2t la generarea, c\u00e2t \u0219i la autentificare) este necesar\u0103 o confirmare local\u0103 a prezen\u021bei fizice a utilizatorului, de exemplu, este solicitat s\u0103 ating\u0103 senzorul de pe token, ceea ce complic\u0103 desf\u0103\u0219urarea atacurilor la distan\u021b\u0103 asupra sistemelor cu tokenul conectat. Ca un alt nivel de protec\u021bie, la etapa de lansare a ssh-keygen poate fi stabilit, de asemenea, o parol\u0103 pentru accesul la fi\u0219ierul cu cheia. <\/p>\n

Cheia U2F poate fi ad\u0103ugat\u0103 \u00een ssh-agent prin \u201essh-add ~\/.ssh\/id_ecdsa_sk\u201d, dar ssh-agent trebuie s\u0103 fie compilat cu suport pentru cheile \u201eecdsa-sk\u201d, trebuie s\u0103 existe un strat libsk-libfido2, iar agentul trebuie s\u0103 fie rulat pe sistemul la care se conecteaz\u0103 tokenul.
\nNou tip de chei \u201eecdsa-sk\u201d a fost ad\u0103ugat deoarece formatul cheilor ecdsa din OpenSSH difer\u0103 de formatul U2F pentru semn\u0103turile digitale ECDSA prin prezen\u021ba unor c\u00e2mpuri suplimentare.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Sursa: opennet.ro<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0412 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0443 OpenSSH \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445\u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b U2F, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u043b\u044c\u044f\u043d\u0441\u043e\u043c FIDO. 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